Arrosive bleeding occurs in violation of the integrity of the blood vessels under the influence of aggressive enzymes. This phenomenon is observed for complications after surgery, cancer growth, destruction or purulent fusion of bodies. This condition is acute and requires immediate assistance in a specialist unit.
Causes
The causes of blood loss in this case are the following factors:
- Changes in vascular structure, when the developing tumor of the breast, colon or stomach.
- Intestinal bleeding as a result of the development of ulcerative colitis.
- Perforation of the stomach wall as a result of the development of ulcers.
- Ectopic pregnancy (destruction of the pipe or the ovary during the growth of a fertilized egg).
- Typhoid fever.
- Stones in the kidneys and bladder.
- Gunshot wound.
- Myocardial infarction.
- Necrosis with inflammation of the aorta.
- Atherosclerosis with impaired vascular integrity.
- Development of a hematoma or cystic cavities in the brain and other organs.
- Caseous necrosis of lung tissue in tuberculosis.
- Hemorrhage by enzymes (suppurative appendicitis, pancreatitis).
For proper assistance necessary to accurately know the reason arrosion development. And all the efforts directed to stop the loss of blood, and at the same time eliminating the etiological factor. Early detection and treatment of the underlying disease manifestations facilitates bleeding and sometimes even prevents its occurrence.
symptoms
Clinical symptoms depend on the location of bleeding. At the same time there are signs of underlying pathology that causes it and clears the typical symptoms of blood loss. But there are common manifestations:
- weakness, dizziness;
- fainting or lightheadedness;
- frequent heartbeat and breathing;
- vomiting and dehydration (seen in necrotizing pancreatitis);
- cold sweat and pallor of the skin;
- severe pain in the affected area;
- noise or ringing in the ears;
- pressure.
Determine the place of injury is possible by studies of biological material. When ulceration of the stomach digested blood clots are found in the vomit. In case of violation of the intestinal wall in a human stool becomes black. Bleeding in the lung system is accompanied by a crimson phlegm, arrosion internal genitals at women - vaginal discharge with clots. The presence of large stones and mucosal damage in their urinary system accompanied by red blood in the urine.
Diagnostics
To determine arrosive bleeding such techniques are used:
- Blood analysis (total and biochemistry);
- Angiography (vascular study using the contrast agent);
- endoscopy;
- puncturing the pleural cavity;
- plain radiography of the chest at a tumor or pulmonary tuberculosis;
- laparoscopy (a suspected tumor, ectopic pregnancy and other processes in the pelvis and abdomen);
- the material is taken by puncture of the heart and the peritoneum.
treatment of the disease
The basic method of treatment in this case is the operation. Arrosive eliminated by tamponade of bleeding, vascular bypass, excision trepanation with cysts or hematoma. accumulation of blood in the pericardial area requires a sternotomy and pericardiotomy.
Removal of bleeding in the abdomen and pelvis is preferably carried out by laparoscopy. When extensive blood loss from a large area of destruction is necessary to produce the classic operation for the extension of the field and the possibility of assessing the state of all nearby tissues. Practiced as removing part of the organ with the damaged area. If the cyst is head of the pancreas accompanied by bleeding, then made pancreatoduodenal resection.
Plan for the surgery depends on many factors. An experienced physician takes into account the degree of the patient's weight, age, presence of comorbidities, the potential for self-healing organism.
Drug therapy is needed as a supplement to eliminate the etiologic factor. In stroke or myocardial appointed vasodilators, in destructive forms of pancreatitis diuretics are used to accelerate the elimination of toxins.
Used homeostatic agents, if no contraindications (intravenous aminocaproic acid and sodium chloride, oral vikasol). Uterine bleeding requires the application of drugs to reduce body musculature (Oxytocin). Severe blood loss requiring transfusions, platelets and serum. Fluid loss during severe vomiting replenished via intravenous saline and glucose.
