Hemorrhage - a type of bleeding from blood accumulation in the internal organs as a result of violating the integrity of the vascular wall. Such a phenomenon is accompanied by the formation of haematomas or impregnating the surrounding blood tissues. It may be small and extensive. Let us consider what the hemorrhage, and how it is dangerous to human life.
species
Depending on the nature, location and pathogenesis distinguish these types of bleeding:
- Hematomas. It occurs as a result of blood filling of the tissues with a clear localization.
- Hemorrhagic infiltrates. Violation of the body structure to impregnate it with blood without violating the integrity of the fabric.
- Petechiae. Arise as a result of a slight penetration of red blood cells through the wall of the microvasculature.
- Ecchymosis or bruising. So doctors call bruises. They have the origin as petechiae, but clearly visible to the naked eye. Gradually change color from burgundy to purple-blue. Placed under the skin and mucous membranes.
- Bleeding filling with physiological body cavity. This forms hemothorax, hemarthrosis, hemopericardium).
hemorrhages are often seen in people with diabetes, hypertension, atherosclerosis. These diseases are associated with impaired vascular wall structure, however with insignificant impact occurs and the blood outflow gap.
Symptoms and signs
Symptoms hemorrhage may vary from blood loss rate and localization of the pathological process. Pronounced deviations observed in strong internal bleeding and a small propotevanie red blood cells through the blood vessels of small caliber may be ignored.
Depending on the location of blood loss are the following symptoms:
- Retina. Manifested a painful sensation in the temple area, suffers from vision (patient notes flickering flies and veil). When much blood reaches the cavity of the eye socket, then Apple may come out of orbit, move aside, developed blindness.
- Brain. Accompanied by neurological symptoms develop cramps, headache, nausea and vomiting, not bringing relief. With the defeat of the cerebellar brain tissue observed loss of coordination, pain in the neck area.
- Internal organ. The emergence of infiltration or bruising anywhere in the body triggers the development of pain. Marked pallor, dizziness. In severe cases, the person loses consciousness.
How to get rid of hemorrhage
hemorrhage treatment is required in every case. Minor bruising and petechiae often disappear on their own. But in the case where the process is accompanied by severe blood loss and affects vital organs, should be assisted immediately. This is especially true of the brain when a minor circulatory problems can lead to serious consequences.
Any bruising in the absence of timely assistance and can encysted form a cyst, reborn in the connective tissues and start to put pressure on neighboring organs. Cases of accession of infection and inflammation development.
Assistance in patients with severe hemorrhage should be fast, direct to the department for the patient. Depending on the localization strategy to assist the following applies:
- In lesions eye uses a laser providing a blood outflow from the cavity, or the operation is carried out to prevent detachment of the retina.
- Upon detection of pathology in the brain is reduced pressure at the tissue by aspiration of blood, in some cases, this is necessary to resort to craniotomy. All activities are performed in a neurological intensive care unit.
- For treatment of abdominal cavity and thorax carried puncture; to stop the massive blood loss surgery. Held cauterization or ligation of large vessels; upon detection of its tumor was removed. Also used tactic reverse infusion of blood lost by its removal from the pleural cavity of the stomach or pre-cleaning.
Almost every time a massive hemorrhage conducted infusion therapy. It aims to remove intoxication and compensate for lost blood volume. The patient was intravenously administered solutions containing sodium chloride, glucose, ascorbic acid.
