Internal bleeding - a pathological condition characterized by the flow of blood in a natural cavity (uterus, abdomen, lungs) or formed under izlivshimsya blood stream where they should not be, the space between the muscle e.g. fibers. Unlike external bleeding when the blood does not leave the inner body.
From what can be
Causes of internal bleeding:
- Blunt abdominal mechanical damage in which the ruptured liver or spleen tissues. Less frequently such injuries resulted in damage to the pancreas and the intestine.
- Rib fractures when sharp splinters of bone torn blood vessels and pulmonary pleura.
- Traumatic brain injury - are the most dangerous. The limitations of the cavities in the skull leads to the fact that even a slight amount of blood contributes to compression of brain structures, and it threatens death.
- Intraarticular fracture type, extensive contusions of the joint tissues.
- Chronic diseases of the digestive system organs - blood vessels rupture causing Cancer tumor, duodenal ulcer and stomach, gastritis, erosive type, esophageal varices.
- Cirrhosis of the liver.
Rarely, but sometimes bleeding caused by a single dose of a large amount of food (in the presence of a person of cracks in the walls of the stomach).
The women burst blood vessels in the organs of the urogenital system it can be caused by an ectopic pregnancy, surgical abortion, ovarian rupture. During childbearing is a pathological phenomenon can cause placenta previa, its detachment.
How to identify
Recognize sudden disruption vascular integrity is rather difficult, especially if the amount of blood is small and does not disturb the functioning of internal organs. Pronounced symptoms are present only at a bleeding moderate to severe disease.
Common symptoms
The main and the first sign of internal bleeding - severe tiredness and pale skin. Other features depend on the severity of the pathological process and, in some vascular organ damage happened.
Common symptoms are:
- drowsiness or weakness;
- pale skin;
- dizzy spells;
- bleed cold sweat;
- constant thirst that can not be cut short with plenty of water;
- lowering blood pressure.
If minor bleeding, the pulse may be slightly more frequent and up to 80 u. / Min. In moderate pressure indicator is 80-90 mm Hg. Art., pulse rate up to 100 beats, tachycardia occurs. Key features copious blood loss, which is fatal if not quickly provide assistance to a person:
- coma;
- pressure reduction to the level of 60 mm Hg. Article .;
- muscle twitching;
- dilated pupils;
- uncontrolled process of urination and defecation.
A distinctive feature of fatal bleeding - the skin turns white "marble", the touch dry.
hemopleura
This rupture of the vessel walls in the pleural cavity, which is accompanied by a shift in the light direction. The symptoms of bleeding in the lungs:
- breast tenderness, increased intensity which is marked by coughing;
- cough;
- dyspnea;
- cough accompanied by the release of blood clots.
These features are typical for moderate bleeding. Men and women have a severe course of disease with copious amounts of blood is shown by the following features:
- malfunction of the heart muscle;
- respiratory failure;
- sudden, severe chest pain, radiating to the back and shoulders;
- increased pain when coughing or movement;
- overall great weakness;
- a sudden decrease in blood pressure to the critical exponents.
Understand that the person hemothorax may be the way it sits. Because of the pain in the chest, which are enhanced by physical activity, a person has to constantly sit in a hunched posture. Profuse bleeding in the lungs is accompanied by lethargy, pallor of the skin and the appearance of syncope, dizzy spells, copious exudation cold sweat.
Uterine bleeding
Symptoms of internal bleeding in women in the uterine cavity may be due to various reasons, but the symptomatic picture of them is almost identical to this:
- allocation of blood from the vagina, not associated with menstruation;
- weakness, drowsiness;
- headache;
- low pressure;
- pale skin;
- rapid pulse;
- fainting.
If bleeding in the uterine cavity is small, there is frequent damage to blood vessels due to the development of pathologic process (e.g., oncological tumors), it is shown in Abuse the menstrual cycle. Periods may come at any time with a short interval between each menstruation.
Bleeding in the urinary and digestive organs
Common symptoms of abdominal internal bleeding are similar in nature to other types of pathological process is:
- weakness and drowsiness;
- tachycardia;
- bleed cold and clammy sweat;
- sudden drop in pressure to critical parameters;
- pain in the abdomen;
- irradiation of the pain in the back, shoulders and shoulder blades, legs;
- dizziness and fainting.
Bleeding into the abdominal cavity caused by gynecological diseases in women, accompanied by blood in the urine. If the pathology is a massive character, it may happen collapse.
When bleeding into the abdominal cavity of the symptoms may be accompanied by neurogenic shock. Its development is due to the fact that when opening intraabdominal bleeding fluid volume circulating in the bloodstream is reduced by 25% or more.
Diagnostics
If you know that there can be bleeding inside the body for common signs of deterioration of the human condition, then to see where there was a vascular rupture and determine the causes of disease can only be through a survey person.
Diagnosis of internal bleeding include:
- examination of the patient, conducting palpation to determine the exact location of the pain symptoms;
- pressure measurement indicators;
- a blood test for the number of red blood cells and hemoglobin level.
Instrumental diagnostic methods are selected depending on the localization of hemorrhage - US abdomen, bronchoscopy, colonoscopy, esophagogastroduodenoscopy, radiological examination.
How to stop
It is extremely important to help halt the outflow of blood in the cavity of the body to the emergency room visit or to send the person to a medical facility. Timely and proper first aid for internal bleeding often saves a man's life. If signs of a pathological condition to do the following:
- Ensure the person at rest: the moral and physical.
- If bleeding has occurred in the lungs, the human need to sit down. If there are signs that the bleeding in the abdominal cavity, the victim must be laid flat on the floor.
- That there was a partial or full stop internal bleeding, you need to place localization of the damaged vessels and pain to make cold - ice or any frozen product.
- It is strictly forbidden to the victim to drink water or eat something in the food.
1 helps eliminate attachment of warm items, warming compresses. Under the influence of heat, the blood will circulate more intensively, resulting in greater blood loss and death.
First aid - a measure of emergency, but the main thing you need to do is call an ambulance or get the person to the hospital on their own.
expert care
Therapy of patients in a medical facility with internal bleeding is to stop the pathological process and causes arresting it arrives. The treatment may be medical or surgical depending on the causes and manifestations intensity.
medication
Drug treatment has the goal to stop the bleeding, make up blood loss, stabilize blood pressure. Applicable products:
- medication from the group of blood substitutes that exhibit hemodynamic effect: glucose solutions and salts Reopoligljukin, dextran;
- medicines to restore blood volume: fresh frozen plasma, packed red blood cells, albumin.
In the event that the primary medical therapy with infusional administration of drugs does not give a positive result and there is no possibility to restore normal blood pressure after bleeding will be cropped, are administered following dosage facilities:
- Adrenalin;
- dopamine;
- Norepinephrine.
In the presence of hemorrhagic shock used steroids, heparin, pentoxifylline, dipyridamole. Once the patient will be given in the norm, in the absence of risk of death or complications carried medicamental correction of acid-base balance.
Further treatment is aimed at restoring the general condition of the body and bring back to normal victims of internal organs.
Operation
Intra-abdominal bleeding requires immediate surgery - laparotomy. This method involves the implementation of the audit of internal structures in order to identify the exact location of the broken vessels and further removal of damages - liver suturing soft tissue, spleen and other organs, the integrity of which has been broken.
Surgical treatment of hemothorax is conducted by the following methods:
- puncture of the lung;
- stitching damaged lung with the restoration of vascular wall integrity.
If the bleeding was caused by gastric ulcers, held partial or total removal of the stomach. When cranial traumas carried trepanation.
Effects
Damage to the vascular wall integrity streaming into the cavity of a large volume of blood without the timely assistance provokes dangerous consequences. Disrupted organs located within the abdominal cavity. Soft tissues deprived of blood circulation, do not get the nutrients and oxygen, necrotic processes can develop in them that can cause the loss of the organ.
Internal bleeding can lead to what is necessary to carry out a resection of an internal organ, such as the stomach or uterine cavity in women. After such operations should be a long and difficult recovery period with high risk of various complications.
Bleeding in the skull often leads to fatal consequences. If it is possible to eliminate the risk of death, it is likely that they will hurt the important think tanks. This further negative impact on the mental, physical or mental condition of the person.
Decrease in blood pressure can lead to cardiac heart muscle. Bleeding often contributes to death, if in time the victim has not been helped by medics.
prevention
Warning of any kind of bleeding is in caring for their health. It is important to protect yourself from a variety of injuries, and if they happened, you need to be examined by a doctor. Even if any symptoms are absent, it does not exclude the risk that over time it may happen bleeding.
Do not forget about the need for regular inspection. Often the cause of hemorrhage are the chronic diseases and cancer tumors that are in the early stages of its development are not pronounced the symptomatic picture. Diagnose them is possible only on preventive examination, held at least 1 time per year.
It is extremely important to promptly treat all chronic diseases. For example, untreated ulcer can cause a sudden opening of excessive bleeding.
Women need to carefully consider the choice of contraceptive methods to prevent unwanted pregnancies. Surgical abortion often provoke complications.
