The situation when the burst vessel in the leg, most familiar to women, although men are faced with it. Bleeding under the skin leads to the fact that it appears vascular net or blue spots which adversely affect the appearance of the limb. Some people only care about the aesthetic aspect of the problem, in other veins damage causes severe discomfort. In this case, it can become life-threatening and requires immediate assistance to the victim.
Why blood vessels are damaged
The blood vessels of the legs saturate them with oxygen and nutrients. May burst as small capillaries penetrating layers of skin and major arteries and veins located in the soft tissues of the limb. This occurs most often as a result of injury.
In case of damage of a member of the circulatory system it is disturbed blood clotting due to a decrease in the platelet count, increased permeability of the vessel wall, and it is torn. In this case the blood impregnates the fabric and into the space under the skin, which leads to the formation of haematomas thereon. In areas with broken capillaries on the legs Spider veins show through. In case of damage on the skin veins appear larger bruises.
In addition to injuries, there are many other reasons why a person may burst elastic tubular formation. These factors are internal (endogenous) and external (exogenous).
endogenous factors
The main and most common cause of endogenous vascular injury is varicose veins. This pathology is initially asymptomatic, but developing, declares himself swelling, heaviness in the legs, spider veins and broken capillaries mesh, and later hematomas.
Other internal reasons include:
- heredity;
- obesity, causing more stress on the limb vessels;
- metabolic disorders due to malnutrition;
- Low level of hemoglobin in the blood;
- leukemia, or leukemia;
- high levels of insulin;
- dystonia (VVD);
- HIV infection;
- inflammatory processes in the body: sepsis (blood poisoning), Tonsillitis, meningitis (inflammation of the soft meninges);
- beriberi (lack of vitamins C, PP, B12 and folic acid);
- lupus erythematosus and other autoimmune diseases;
- some gynecological diseases;
- violation of the coronary circulation;
- pregnancy;
- hormonal disruptions.
Sometimes vascular damage occurs after prolonged use of medications containing sulfonamides, antiplatelet agents, blood thinners, hydrochlorothiazide, and after the chemotherapy. capillary fragility may be a result of an allergic reaction.
exogenous factors
In addition to the injuries of different nature (burns, bruises and frostbite) to exogenous factors, worsens the condition of blood vessels and causing them damage include:
- sedentary lifestyle (physical inactivity);
- smoking;
- strong physical exertion;
- nervous exhaustion and stress.
Prerequisites to the problem is the abuse of a solarium, peelings, frequent sunbathing.
typical manifestations
The main symptoms that occur rapidly after violating the integrity of the vessel, is bruising (hematoma). Its size can be from 2.1 mm to 50 cm or more. It depends on what kind of a tubular formation (large or small) is damaged. With strong trauma (accidents, falls) can burst a few veins, or portions thereof, while bruises covering most of the limb. Separate bruising merge into one hematoma.
Education is first red-violet color, then it becomes a brown, yellow and green. Painful to the touch hematoma keeps on foot from 8-10 days to 3-4 weeks. Gradually bruise turns yellow, fades and then disappears without a trace.
There are several types of hemorrhages, which can be judged on what vessels burst. For example, when there is injury of deep vein ecchymosis - extensive bruising. If the damage of the surface of the tubular structures formed blood accumulation under the skin (spots), called purpura. Skin over them has a smooth, shiny surface.
If burst capillaries under the skin emerges pattern formed dot hemorrhages - petechiae.
Some people confuse them with telangiectasias - nets extended, but retained its integrity small vessels appearing with varicose veins.
Another feature of vascular injury is pain, severe when damaged, and further when touched nojushchaja to bruise or walking. When burst large veins victim a few days lost the ability to walk.
When severe blood loss, the skin becomes pale person, he was dizzy, there is a fever and severe weakness.
What if the burst vessel in the leg
If for no apparent reason burst blood vessels in the legs, ie damage does not occur because of injuries, victims need to see a doctor because such hemorrhages indicate different pathologies in body.
The medical institution doctor hold a number of surveys, and determine the cause of damage to appoint suitable patient treatment.
Urgent Care
In cases when a person breaks Vienna, he should provide immediate aid. To do this, the victim need to lie on your back and raise the limb above the level of the head. People who find themselves side by side, must fix the limb in this position and to impose on it a thick bandage. Damage to the site for 15 minutes Apply ice or a cold object. If the blood did not stop after these measures, the victim should call the ambulance.
drug therapy
For treatment of a ruptured vein in a patient leg doctor prescribes coagulants (thrombin) and agreganty (Calcium gluconate Etamsylate), which are hemostatic agents. To remove the swelling, normalization of blood flow and eliminate hematoma prescribes flebotoniki (Venarus, Phlebodia, Detraleks).
strengthen blood vessels and prevent their breakage can be further via angioprotectors (Troxevasin, Rutin, Aescusan) applied topically and orally and vitamin complexes. Patients with atherosclerosis and obesity prescribe statins reduce blood cholesterol levels.
Instrumental methods of treatment
In severe cases, eliminate the problem of instrumental methods. These include:
- Photocoagulation (cauterizing damaged vein).
- Mikroskleroterapiya (lock-bleeding drugs sclerosant, administered under the skin).
- Laser treatment (removal of traumatized vascular laser and electrical).
If the patient has a large pipe rupture occurred below the knee, it bandage or removed surgically.
Folk remedies
The problem of bursting veins and capillaries help to solve the traditional medicines that can be used after consulting a doctor.
Good means that strengthens blood vessels, is a leaf infusion yarrow, plantain, horse chestnut and flowers of camomile, raspberry roots. To prepare all the components are taken in equal proportions, to give 4 tablespoons raw materials. The mixture was poured 1 liter of water and bringing to boiling, removed from heat. Pushing means 12 hours, then filtered and taken twice daily with 100 ml.
People helps infusion 4 lemons and 4 heads of garlic. The products are ground and pour 3 liters of boiling water. After 3 days, means use 1 tsp three times a day. Store it in the refrigerator.
Diet
Proper nutrition helps to strengthen veins and capillaries. Diet implies the rejection of fat, salted, smoked and spicy food. It is forbidden to drink alcohol, pastries, pickles, cocoa. The diet should be present vegetables and fresh herbs, nuts, fruits, low-fat fish, beef, cottage cheese, kefir, a drink made from wild rose, green tea.
Prevention Center activities
To avoid such a phenomenon as the bursting of a vessel on the leg should follow preventive measures:
- Wear comfortable shoes without high heels.
- Move more and walk.
- Swim, ride a bike.
- Drinking at least 2 liters per day.
Useful for the feet become cooling bath in the evening, massage, sports exercises.
