2 Clinical picture of the disease

With gastroenterocolitis, the symptoms are the same for all types of pathology, and the inflammatory process in the digestive tract makes itself knownfor several hours or days. Initially, the pain in the abdomen, flatulence, heartburn and / or eructation are disturbing. Appetite disappears, there is a nausea, passing in a vomiting, in language there is an abundant grayish raid. Frequent stools are accompanied by cramping pain in the abdomen and muscle weakness. With severe form of gastroenterocolitis,

• veins of blood and mucus in the feces are possible;
• confusion and blanching of the skin;
• multiple and indomitable vomiting;
• increase in temperature to 39 ºC and headache;
• metabolic disturbance and dehydration;
• significant weight loss;
• short-term loss of consciousness.

Non-infectious food gastroenterocolitis flows more easily than infectious - after about 3-5 days with proper treatment and compliance with the diet it passes.

3 Disease in children

Due to the immaturity of the digestive tract and the weakening of immunity, gastroenterocolitis in children is common. Dysentery bacillus, influenza and reproduction of own conditionally pathogenic microorganisms in the intestine cause children's gastroenterocolitis, which is more severe than in adults. Diarrhea is accompanied by inclusions of mucus or blood, vomiting can last up to a week with increased fever. Influenza, rotavirus and other types of viral gastroenterocolitis are sudden and acute and can cause complications. Dehydration of the child's body due to vomiting, diarrhea and fever leads to serious metabolic disorders.

The consumption of contaminated products( cottage cheese, milk, etc.), poorly washed fruits, berries and vegetables, poor quality canned food, as well as contact with sick animals or people are the most common causes of the disease in both children and adults.

4 Diagnosis and treatment

In gastroenterocolitis, treatment at home is permissible only with mild pathology and according to the doctor's instructions. After seeking medical help in case of worsening of the general condition, a patient is examined: palpation in the abdomen, collection of anamnesis, finding out the details of nutrition and possible causes of intoxication. When making a preliminary diagnosis, emergency assistance consists in washing the stomach with a probe, or the patient is given a copious drink followed by a provocation of vomiting. Further, bed rest and intravenous administration of isotonic fluids are prescribed.

Laboratory tests( coprogram, blood and urine tests, stomach examination and ultrasound of the abdominal organs) are important for setting an objective nosological diagnosis, that is, to determine the true cause. At the same time, the epidemiological situation, the detection and analysis of a product that has pathogens, play an important role.

Since the clinical manifestations of gastroenterocolitis are similar to those of the abdominal cavity, such as acute appendicitis, cholecystitis, etc., it is necessary to differentiate and exclude them in time. For example, botulism, fraught with a fatal outcome, manifests with symptoms similar to gastroenterocolitis, which in this case develop very quickly and brightly.

With prolonged gastroenterocolitis and improper treatment, it is possible to damage the deeper layers of the intestinal and stomach walls, leading to hypertrophy of the mucosa, the appearance of polyps and atrophy of the muscles and glands of the walls of the digestive organs. The defeat of nerve endings provokes cardiovascular and motor disorders. Therefore, when signs of severe and acute gastroenterocolitis can not be limited to the use of symptomatic drugs that give only temporary relief. Clarification of the causes of organism intoxication and adequate antibacterial, detoxification and rehydration therapy are conducted in a hospital.

Diet therapy is the main method of improving the state of the body during and after the treatment. It is necessary to drink more liquid - infusion of rose hips, chamomile, liquid jelly, compote of non-acidic fruit or just warm water. Food should be divided and often - up to 6-8 times a day;food is taken in a puree or liquid state. From the diet are excluded:

• fried, spicy, salty, fatty and smoked products;
• raw vegetables and fruits;
• milk;
• fresh and black bread.

Baking, sweets, carbonated drinks and other foods that complicate the process of digestion are also included in the list of banned foods in diseases of the gastrointestinal tract.

The menu for the first time is made up of low-fat sour-milk products( grated cottage cheese, kefir), meat broths and vegetable soups, chicken and boiled fish. Rice and oat broths can replace eating in the first two days after the elimination of acute manifestations of gastroenterocolitis.

5 Prevention measures

Avoiding many pathological processes in digestion can be by observing sanitary and hygienic standards and adhering to a balanced and rational diet. It is necessary to carefully approach the purchase of eggs, meat, dairy and other food products, the heat treatment and storage of which at home should be thorough. It is necessary to limit or avoid fast snacks in public eating places and direct contact with a person infected with an infectious form of gastroenterocolitis.