The completion of the reproductive function is the onset of menopause. This process is natural. Climax is divided into several stages. The first is called premenopause. For the state is characterized by its signs and symptoms.
Premenopausal (signs and symptoms are important for diagnosing the state) is a precursor to menopause. Most often, the condition appears in women after 45 years. At the expiring of the reproductive system, hormonal changes, menstruation gradually ceases.
Premenopausal - it Phase 1 in the climax stage. It is characterized by a decrease in the production of sex hormones - progesterone and estrogen.
As a result, state changes occur in a woman's reproductive organs:
- depletion of the fallopian tubes;
- ceases to ovulate;
- egg does not mature in the ovaries.
Changes in the reproductive system affect the internal organs - breast, kidney, heart.
When pregnancy is not excluded premenopausal. Her small chance there. Of course, to make the fruit of a woman of childbearing age is much easier. At the initial stage of menopause is not always the expectant mother manages to have a baby, it is possible miscarriage.
The content of the article:
- 1 Kinds
- 2 Stage and grade
- 3 symptoms
- 4 Causes of
- 5 Diagnostics
- 6 When to see a doctor
- 7 prevention
-
8 therapies
- 8.1 Medications
- 8.2 Traditional methods
- 8.3 Other methods
- 9 possible complications
- 10 Videos about premenopause
Kinds
Types premenopausal at Maturity:
- premature - menstruation ceases at age 40 and premenopausal occurs before 35;
- early - cessation of menses before 45 years of age, that is, pre-menopausal symptoms noticeable in women after age 35;
- timely - menopausal symptoms appear after 45 years.
Stage and grade
There are no pre-menopausal stage and grade.
Classification of menopause:
- premenopausal - initial stage. Often it appears after 45 years, but if a woman leads a wrong way of life, it could be earlier (up to 40 years).
- Menopause - 2 phase. It starts with the last date of menses. Menopause is characterized by the absence of menstruation. stage Duration - 12 months.
- postmenopause - Stage 3. It comes after 1 year of amenorrhea. Its duration of 5 years to the end of a woman's life.
symptoms
Premenopausal women have different symptoms and signs. The intensity of each individual organism. Detailed information can be found in the table.
Signs and symptoms | Description |
mental disorders | Due to changes in the hormonal background, nerve damage occurs. The woman is constantly changing mood, irritability occurs. As a result of the consequences, deteriorating relationships with family |
Irregularity of menses | Due to the reduction of the production of sex hormones, critical days take place in a chaotic manner. That is, there are different - meager, abundant. Menses premenopausal can occur long - up to 1 month. |
tides | Due to the reduction of estrogen, disturbed thermoregulation. Hot flashes are accompanied by red skin, increased sweating and chills. Condition has a negative impact on mood and performance women |
Pain in the head | So how come premenopausal, there is a sharp change in blood pressure. Because of this may appear pains in the head. In addition, there is the risk of arrhythmias or disturbances in heart work |
Pain in the chest | The condition occurs due to insufficient amount of oxygen. As a result, it may cause ischemia of the heart (coronary heart disease) |
Pain in the lower abdomen or lower back | Abdominal pain may indicate a violation of the functional organs of the reproductive system. Upon the occurrence of pre-menopause, increases the risk of tumors. In the presence of tumors, it gives pain in the lower limb. Discomfort in the lower back may indicate a lack of calcium in the body, that is, weakened bones |
Violation of the stomach and intestines | Problems with the gastrointestinal tract occur when changes in the hormonal background. In conjunction with the violation of a chair can appear bloating or flatulence. The pressure on the genitalia increases further discomfort arises |
Excessive body weight | After 45 years, women are prone to weight gain. This is due to impaired metabolism. For more stressful situations may make the condition worse. Weight gain is typical for any stage of menopause |
Problems with sexual life | With the approach of menopause in women reduces the attraction to a partner due to insufficient levels of estrogen. Natural grease is produced in the desired amount, there is discomfort with intimacy. Additionally, the pain may be present |
Osteoporosis | Due to disturbances in the hormonal background there are problems with calcium metabolism. Bones become brittle. Therefore, upon the occurrence of menopause should avoid heavy load, so as not to provoke the emergence of fractures and injuries |
Diseases of the genitourinary system | The woman has a lack of development of the secret, which protects the urogenital organs infection control. Therefore, germs can enter the bladder and kidneys. As a result, there is burning and there is blood secret |
Causes of
Premenopausal (signs and symptoms include the appearance of chaotic menstrual flow) - is a natural process for every woman. The term fading reproductive function is unique and depends on many factors.
The onset of pre-menopausal and 45 is associated with adverse factors. Early appearance often seen in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), or diseases of the thyroid gland.
Other causes:
- unhealthy lifestyle (smoking, alcohol, drugs) brings the menopause;
- the duration of puberty;
- stability of the central nervous system;
- the functionality of the endocrine system;
- disease of an infectious nature;
- heredity;
- labors - in women without children menopause occurs earlier;
- chronic diseases of the reproductive organs;
- living in places with bad environment;
- work in hazardous work;
- irradiation (treatment of cancer and other);
- surgery in organs of the reproductive system;
- lack of or delay in the treatment of diseases in gynecology, which subsequently became complicated by;
- improper use of contraceptives with the hormonal composition.
Diagnostics
The doctor concluded on the state, a woman needs to be examined. With the help of you can identify comorbidities procedures.
Often pay attention to the results of the following studies:
- Inspection. The doctor measures important indicators of women - height, weight, blood pressure and more. Due to the data obtained, we can conclude about the patient's health, calculate body mass index (BMI).
- Poll. The specialist learns from the woman's symptoms and signs. At this point it is important to tell all.
- Palpation of the breast. It helps to identify possible cancer education.
- Mammography. As a precaution it is necessary to perform the procedure one time per year. Mammography helps identify breast cancer and other diseases.
- A blood test for hormones. After receiving the results, you can determine the value of the important indicators - testosterone, cortisol, prolactin, and more. Most often prescribe blood donation to the level of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) hormones.
- Blood chemistry. According to the results of the procedure evaluate the risk of heart and vascular diseases. And after passing the biochemical analysis doctor decides on the appointment of preparations with hormonal composition.
- Ultrasonography (US) of the pelvic organs.
- Coagulation. The procedure evaluates blood clotting. Specialist decides on the appointment of hormonal drugs, since they enhance the clotting and can lead to thrombosis.
- Colposcopy. the condition of the uterus may be determined by the results of the procedure.
According to the research expert concludes. At the discretion of the doctor a list of procedures can be changed. The cost of diagnosis varies and depends on many factors - the city, the organization, procedure. Therefore, you need to specify the price in a particular institution.
When to see a doctor
If you suspect that pre-menopausal women, it is best to see a doctor - a gynecologist. This is required to prevent disease in the patient. It is possible that menstruation is not disturbed due to menopause, and other reasons. The gynecologist may recommend further consultation with an endocrinologist and a cardiologist.
In budgetary organizations can apply to the therapist. The doctor will examine the patient and prescribe the direction to the right specialist.
Urgent specialist help is needed in the following cases:
- profuse bleeding, which began suddenly;
- monthly flow abundantly - replacement of hygiene more than 1 time per hour;
- prolonged bleeding for more than 7 days;
- It passes between periods less than 21 days.
prevention
Premenopause - a condition that is amenable to prevention. That is, in order to delay the appearance of signs and symptoms, you need to follow certain rules.
Namely:
- eat right;
- maintain optimal body weight;
- in time to treat the disease;
- undergo an annual examination by a gynecologist;
- waive rigid diets;
- observe the regime of work and rest;
- sleep at least 9 hours per day;
- daily devote time to physical activity;
- to refuse from bad habits;
- eliminate the constant change of sexual partners;
- observe good personal hygiene;
- eliminate stress.
therapies
Premenopausal (signs and symptoms include the appearance of the tides) - a condition that is not a disease. That is, treatment is not required. But if a woman has symptoms clearly, a doctor may prescribe therapy.
As treatment using the following methods:
- medications;
- folk remedies;
- more.
Medications
Drug therapy is selected individually, taking into account age, premenopausal flow. Commonly used drugs are listed in the table.
group funds | Description |
hormonal | When heavy flow period, most experts prescribe reception of hormonal preparations. The following drugs varieties: 1. Progestogens - Norkolut, Turinal. Through the use of drugs occurs normalization cycle. Medicines approximate onset of the second phase, ie the rejection of the endometrium. After menstruation extends menopausal symptoms subside. Doctors prescribe these drugs on the course of 2 - 3 months. But, if a woman with premenopausal monthly abundant, then advised to use a more powerful tool - intrauterine device Mirena. 2. Combined tools with estrogen and progestogen - Marvelon, Janine. Preparations have contraceptive action as well as reduce the expression of pre-menopausal symptoms. 3. Combined means intended to reduce the symptoms - Klimov, Divina, klimonorma. Medicines do not have a contraceptive effect, that is, the application of a risk pregnancy. 4. Creams and suppositories - Ovestin, estriol. Formulations administered in violation produce natural lubrication of the vagina as well as in case of problems with urination |
Phytomedication | Hormonal preparations prepared synthetically, may cause side effects. In the case of contraindications, the doctor recommends the use of medications to the patient with a vegetative composition. For example, Klimadinon, Estrovel, Remens. Compared to conventional formulations, this group is well tolerated, side effects are rare. A negative quality means - the effect of the application occurs after a long time, compared with synthetic hormones. However, the use, women did not have cardio - vascular lesions or tumors |
vitamin complexes | Upon the occurrence of pre-menopause to help the body cope with the condition. Thanks to the reception vitamin complexes can strengthen the immune system, improve blood circulation. The funds shall consist of:
The components contained in the Alphabet 50+ Doppelgerts Menopause Menopace. Through the use of vitamin complexes, improves skin, hair and nails |
Hemostatic | If a woman worried about bleeding or have a high probability of occurrence, the doctor may prescribe the use of drugs of this group. Often used Dicynone, Tranexam |
sedatives | To reduce stress, relieve tension, it is recommended to use sedatives. For example, Afobazol Novo passes. If a woman has trouble sleeping, allowed to use hypnotic medications - melaxen, Donormil |
antidepressants | When the woman has fears, hallucinations, and other symptoms of mental disorders specialist may prescribe antidepressant |
Traditional methods
Premenopausal (signs and symptoms include the appearance of abdominal pain) - a condition in which you can use herbal methods. Folk recipes are natural composition, and compared to drugs, have a lower probability of side effects.
But, despite this, it is better to use the therapy in conjunction with other methods (proper nutrition, physical activity). So it is possible to improve the efficiency of the treatment. Popular folk recipes are listed in the table.
Title | Cooking method |
Dill water | Thanks to the prescription can reduce negative symptoms, normalize sleep. But dill seeds contain substances which increase the tone of the uterus. Therefore, the recipe can not be used for pregnant women. Women with pre-menopausal onset believe that they no longer have the possibility to conceive a child, so do not use contraceptives. Therefore, you must take a pregnancy test before using fennel. To prepare to take 3 tbsp dried dill seed, 500 ml of hot water. Pour the mixture into the vacuum flask. After 1 hour add a solution of water that the total volume was equal to 1 liter. Use 3 - 4 times daily with 100 ml. It is better to take a mixture after 30 minutes. after a meal. Duration of treatment - up to 1 month. |
Red clover | The composition of red clover include fitoetrogeny that help reduce symptoms with the onset of menopause. The component has a positive effect on the heart, blood vessels. For the preparation you will need 2 tablespoons a main component and 1 cup of hot water. The mixture should be poured into a thermos and leave for 8 hours. Filtered, taking 30 minutes. 1/4 cup. Duration - to the normalization of the |
marjoram | If a woman worried about the tides, you can make tea with oregano. The component has a soothing effect, it normalizes cycle. But oregano is prohibited for pregnant women. For the preparation you will need 2 tablespoons dry marjoram and 2 cups of hot water. The mixture should be poured into a thermos and leave for 4 hours. Take 3 times a day before meals. Duration - to improve |
Peony | Through the use of vegetable component flushes decrease. Additionally peony has a soothing effect. For the preparation you need to buy in the drugstore tincture with vegetable ingredients. Take it to 20 drops 3 times a day. Duration - up to 1 month. rate may be increased if necessary |
Fresh juice | To prepare the means necessary to take the following components:
All mix, drink juice 3 tablespoons for 20 min. before meals. Then gradually increase the number of. You need to get to 1.5 cups per day. If from the beginning of the application there is discomfort, it is better to reduce the single dose to 1 tablespoon |
Other methods
In addition to drugs and folk practices can reduce menopausal symptoms using other methods.
Namely:
- Proper nutrition. It is recommended to eat 5 - 6 times a day (a portion not more than 200 - 300 g) with interruptions between meals in 3 - 4 hr. To exclude fried, salted, smoked. It is recommended to give up the sweet, starchy foods, fatty products. It is better to cook steamed, boiled or baked in the oven. It should drink at least 1.5 liters of pure non-carbonated water per day. It is recommended to give up carbonated products.
- Physical exercise. We need regular activity to reduce menopausal symptoms. But do not immediately strongly load the body. Enough to start a charging distance. Then find a optimal activity - biking, swimming.
- Rejection of bad habits. It is recommended to eliminate smoking, use of alcohol and drugs.
In rare cases, surgery may be necessary. This is necessary if there pathology - hyperplasia, large fibroids. In the case of the presence of a malignant tumor, surgery is required, too. Next you need to take of the radiative or chemotherapy.
possible complications
If time to see a doctor and begin treatment, the onset of menopause more easily tolerated if necessary. In the subsequent reduced risk of serious pathologies.
Among the complications are:
- hip strain;
- neoplasms of the uterus;
- mastopathy;
- tumor in the mammary glands.
Period in a woman's life, in which reproductive function is extinguished is called premenopause. The condition is a precursor to menopause. The menstrual disorders, hot flashes can be identified as signs and symptoms.
If you suspect that pre-menopausal women are recommended to visit a specialist. If symptoms are too strong and cause discomfort, you need therapy. As a treatment using medicines, traditional recipes, nutrition.
Registration of the article: Mila Friedan
Videos about premenopause
The first symptoms of menopause in women: