Intestinal infection. Symptoms and treatment in children. transduction pathway, to treat acute rotavirus form at home

Rotavirus infection is called infectious nature bowel disease, pathogens which have become specific viruses (rotaviruses). The disease is accompanied by symptoms: vomiting, diarrhea, severe dehydration, etc

Most often the disease affects children up to 3 years, and the older generation of the incidence of intestinal infection is less common. This is because after the disease produces immunity and the person becomes less susceptible to rotavirus and easily cured.

transmission path

Rotavirus is transmitted:

1. Fecal-oral route. After contacting the contaminated surfaces with human oral infection occurs and the disease affects the intestine.
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2. Contact-household way. Infection occurs due to the use of personal items infection media or dirty hands.
3. Water and alimentary. Virus particles from feces or vomit can infect water. Next, the infection enters the stomach, and then the virus particles penetrate into the intestine. Also can be transmitted through food (mainly through dairy products).
4. The other way. Through handrails, doorknobs, public toilets. Sometimes the infection can be transmitted by airborne droplets.

Note! Carrier of infection and can be a healthy person without any clinical symptoms, but it also stands out feces rotavirus.

The first signs of infection - the incubation period

The duration of the incubation period - 12 watches - 7 days. Disease begins acutely because already after 12-24 hours of the first symptoms (fever, nausea, vomiting, epigastric pain).

When viewed from an increase in cervical lymph nodes, rhinitis and flushing of pharynx. Patient excruciates diarrhea without blood or mucus. Another important feature is the lack of appetite of the baby, crying and irritability.

Symptoms of acute infection in children

Children up to three years in the early days of intestinal infection are manifested symptoms of the disease: there is reduced activity, lethargy, lack of appetite. The kid often sweats and becoming moody. Then a temperature above 38.

baby chair becomes a watery consistency and he walks in a more than 7 times a day. It appears agonizing vomiting, which can last up to 48 hours. On palpation of the lower abdomen baby feels pain. Treatment at this stage is to prevent various kinds of complications.

In children older than three years is also reflected reduced activity and lethargy, but also added to dizziness and headache. Fever and diarrhea occurs. Vomiting occurs several times a day. More appear body aches, cough, swelling of the nasal mucosa, glandular fever and enlarged cervical lymph nodes.

It follows that the older the patient, the symptoms are more easily transferred, and the recovery will be faster.

Stage of development of the disease

At the initial stage of the disease does not manifest itself, so people can lead a normal life and not be aware of the presence of pathogenic microorganisms in the gut. At the end of the initial stage of the first clinical symptoms appear: body weakness, fever, nausea.

Symptoms for acute stage of infection of intestinal disease more painful, and their number is increasing dramatically. If the first stage of a child manifested nausea, on the second there is a painful nausea with vomiting, and diarrhea occur. The duration of this phase is 3-7 days, and the sooner treatment begins, the easier it will be to the child.

The hallmark symptom of acute stage of diarrhea is accompanied by rumbling and abdominal pain. On palpation of the abdomen rumbling intensifies. Diarrhea can occur more than 5 times a day. Stool color has a yellow or green color, and the smell is very sharp and sour.

Pain may occur in the epigastric and around the abdomen. Sometimes it is paroxysmal in nature.

At this stage, there is a sharp weight loss, dehydration, accompanied by dry skin, scratchy and sore throat. Stage of recovery of the child after an intestinal infection occurs 7-10 days after the first symptoms. The patient becomes easier, it increases appetite.

For some time after the disease will need to be on a diet, because any properly prepared dish will lead to bloating and disorder chair. At this stage, the patient is advised to drink as much fluid as the organism highly dehydrated.

Home Treatment - drugs

For the treatment of rotavirus infection is mandatory are written sorbents that remove all toxic substances from the body. It is also very important to give your child regitratiruyuschie and antimicrobials. Often, specialists prescribe such medicines.

antimicrobials

• furazolidone

Act: It helps restore the immune system and kill pathogens. He normalizes microflora of the body and stimulates the production of leukocytes in the blood. The drug is prescribed for the duration of diarrhea.

Dosage and method of use: often they are written fifty gram capsule suspension for dilution. For a better drug absorption in the body after meal is used. A single dose is calculated according to the weight of the baby: 1 kg - 10 ml of the drug.

Furazolidone is used in the form of tablets only children older than five years at a time 20-50ml. The course is 10 days. Children under one year drug is strictly prohibited.

It's important to know! Combining furazolidon with other drugs can cause depression of hematopoiesis function.

• Stopdiar

Act: drug neutralizes the deleterious effects of rotavirus in the body of the child. At its regular use bacteria lose their ability to reproduce.

use: Shake with a substance to make it smooth. Mark scoop and pour the required amount: infants - 1-2 spoons of 2.5 ml twice a day; schoolchildren and teenagers - 1 teaspoon of 5 ml three times a day. The course of medication is week.

antiviral agents

• tsikloferon

Act: It possesses immunostimulating effect kills the infection and reduces inflammation.

Dosage and administration: Tsikloferon used in the treatment and perfectly enhances the action of other drugs. Consume 2 tablets a day. The course is 14-20 days.

• Ingavirin

Act: alleviates the symptoms of disease, it speeds up the healing process. Dosage and administration: administered to children from 7 years on 60 mg once daily. Course of treatment per week. It is recommended to use the drug in the first days of the onset of symptoms.

Side effects: allergic reactions, nausea and vomiting. Contraindications: Individual hypersensitivity to the components of the preparation.

• Amiksin

Act: effectively inhibits virus replication inside cells, which accelerates the healing process. Dosage and application: the drug is used only children older than 7 years. 60 mg once daily after a meal.

Contraindications: are allergic to components of the drug. To check for an allergic reaction should be given one tablet of the drug a child and watch the reaction of his body. If a rash, then cancel the use of the drug. It is also forbidden to use the drug for the lag in mental or physical development.

Side effects: constipation or diarrhea, heaviness in the stomach, bloating, nausea, chills.

• Kagocel

Act: It removes viruses and normalizes microflora.

Dosage and application: Children from 3 to 6 in the first two days is necessary to use 1 tablet 2 times a day, and in the next 2 days should reduce the amount of drug and 1 tablet 1 time a day. Children older than 6 years, the first two days is recommended to use 1 tablet 3 times a day, then to 1 tablet 2 times a day. The course of treatment is 4 days.

Contraindications: allergic reaction, children under 3 years old, the immunity of lactose. Side effects: a red rash on the body, accompanied by severe itching, in rare cases angioedema occurs.

sorbents

• polisorb

Act: It binds toxic substances and removes them from the body.

Dosage and administration: 10 kg child given by 0.5-1.5 tsp. If there is vomiting, or diarrhea, the child is given up to 4 tablespoons of glass on the floor immediately. In the absence of dyspeptic symptoms Polysorb used five times in the first day of the same doses. After 10-15 minutes of ingestion child feels relief of symptoms.

Antipyretic can give baby no earlier than one hour after ingestion of the drug.

• Smecta

Act: It removes toxins from the body. Dosage and administration: the drug should be consumed before the antipyretic and immunostimulatory agents, as it will bring them from the body.

Infants under one year is recommended to drink 2 bags per day. Children older than one year - up to 4 bags. The powder should dissolve in warm water to form a slurry and drink.

Contraindications: constipation (the drug can lead to constipation, intestinal blockage however is mainly contraindication), vomiting, fever, lack of effectiveness of drug treatment, allergic reaction.

• enterosgel

Act: It neutralizes the toxic substances and pathogens. It has a selective activity and outputs of nutrients and trace elements. Excellent eliminates diarrhea and relieves the symptoms of intoxication.

Dosage: babies give enterosgelya teaspoon 3 times a day, and more adult children need to eat a tablespoon 3 times a day. If a child refuses to take the medicine, it can be easily added to juice or jelly, as from this it does not lose its effectiveness. Side effects: dyspepsia, constipation occurrence.

probiotics

• Guy bio

Act: It supports and protects the intestinal microflora is involved in the processes of digestion, normalizes the chair.

Dosage and application: children under three years of use 5 drops diluted in water or milk, 1-2 times a day. Contraindications: allergic reaction.

• lactulose

Act: lactulose modifies the intestinal microflora, increasing the acidity and stimulating peristalsis. It increases the number of feces, and inhibits the growth of bacteria.

Dosage and administration: drug used children over 7 years. Dose is 10-15 ml syrup once a day at mealtime. Side effects: bloating, nausea, vomiting, lack of appetite, diarrhea.

• inulin

Act: It promotes the growth of beneficial microflora. Dosage and administration: Dissolve powder in a glass of water and drink during the meal. Eat drug is recommended 1-3 times a day.

Side effects: the drug is not toxic, is well combined with other drugs and no side effects, even after long reception.

Regitratiruyuschie solutions

• rehydron

Act: restores and maintains the water-base balance, eliminates diarrhea and prevent the pH of blood disorders.

Dosage and administration: dissolve the contents of the sachet in a liter of boiled water. In an hour to drink 10 ml per kilogram of body weight. After relief of symptoms drug reduced to 5-10 ml per kg body weight.

• rehydron bio

Act: normalize water balance, eliminates diarrhea and vomiting, improves mood.

Mode of application: dissolve sachet in a liter of boiled water and take in. Drink the medicine you need for the day, as then it will lose its beneficial properties.

It is not recommended to mix with other components rehydron or drugs because it can only aggravate the disease.

• Bio Guy proteksis

Act: improves the immune system, normalize the intestinal microflora.

Mode of application: allowed to use only for children older than 3 years 1-2 tablets a day. Tablets should be chewed.

antipyretics

An elevated temperature can be brought down only when it reaches 38 degrees and more. It is best to use candles Tsefekon, as they can lower the temperature, even during sleep. If the temperature does not break, you need to give your child paracetamol 1/4 Analgin.

Paracetamol can be given 2-3 hours after consumption of a preparation of another zharoponizhayuscheno and Nurofen only through 4.

It can also be used to lower the temperature rubdown, but it is important to wipe the whole body, to open and remove the diaper from the baby. It is effective for lowering the temperature Enterofuril. For the prevention of bacterial infections it is used for 5 days.

Drinking regime and diet during treatment

Symptoms of a child can be facilitated during intestinal infection. To do this, you must adhere to the therapeutic diet, which aims to restore water balance in the body and reduce the burden on the digestive organs. Also, the diet helps to greatly accelerate healing because some medical drugs can not eliminate the infection.

The basic principle of power when rotavirus is granularity. Toddler to be fed small portions every 2 h. In between meals it is recommended to drink as much liquid as possible. It is recommended to cook food by steaming or roast, but not to form a rough crust, because it adversely affects the child's digestion.

Prohibited foods during the first weeks of infection for nursing mothers	Featured products
Dairy (provoked multiplication of infection) Cheese Sweets any bread Pasta flour Raw vegetables and fruits berries Fermented and pickled foods Fatty meat broth mushrooms Borscht cabbage soup Fat meat Sausage Smoked and canned fish coarse grains Fat Coffee Carbonated drinks	Shredded cheese and fresh dairy products (assets bifidok) Crackers from Baron wafer biscuits drying Rice, buckwheat, semolina, oat groats Vegetable and fish broth Scrambled eggs and soft-boiled egg Steam meat and fish cakes Mashed carrots and potatoes on the water Baked apples in the oven Mashed pumpkin or zucchini

In order to eliminate the infection from the body you should drink plenty of fluids. You can also suggest a homemade solution: boil 100g of raisins on low heat for half an hour. Strain the broth and add a teaspoon of salt, half a teaspoon of baking soda, 2 teaspoons of sugar. Cook for a few minutes. Eat drink several times a day for half a cup.

Symptoms and treatment of intestinal infections in children under 1 year are slightly different for older children. The newborn becomes very moody and whiny, and his healing power will only mother's milk, which contains all the necessary vitamins and minerals. As should be selected delactosed feeding mixture.

In some cases, contact the ambulance

Intestinal infection has a number of life-threatening symptoms that should alert, as their appearance suggests a worsening of the disease, and ineffective treatment of the child.

Dangerous symptoms:

• Blood in the stool.
• Black chair with an unpleasant flavor.
• Diarrhea is more than 10 times per day.
• Frequent occurrence of emesis.
• Severe abdominal pain.
• A red rash on the body.

If time does not see a doctor, the condition of the baby may seriously deteriorate due to severe dehydration.

Video of intestinal infections in children

Symptoms of intestinal rotavirus infection:

How to treat intestinal infections: