Calcium channel blockers. List of the latest generation of drugs. The mechanism of action, classification, effects of slow, dihydropyridine, non-dihydropyridine, selective

A heterogeneous group of drugs or calcium channel blockers - is the latest generation of drugs, the list of which is large. CCBs are widely used in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases.

The role of calcium in the body and the consequences of excess

In humans, calcium is one of the most sought-after minerals. It stands on the 5th place among all mineral bearing substances. Almost in its entirety is in the bones. Only 1% is in the teeth and muscles. A small portion of calcium ions (0.1-0.3%) enters into the extracellular fluid.

The mineral is involved in the development of bones, teeth. He is responsible for the condition of the nervous and muscular systems, distributing nerve impulses. Calcium ions are also involved in many functions of the muscular system, adjusts heart rate.

Without calcium, the human body would be shapeless.

Regulator of calcium levels is a organism, especially the thyroid gland. But there are situations when the human body is unable to cope with the coming to him the number of macro element.

The consequences of excess calcium:

• urge to vomit;
• loss of appetite;
• indigestion;
• unevenness heart rate;
• renal functioning;
• disorder psycho-emotional state;
• prostration.

Independently from the human body calcium excess removed very slowly. It accumulates in the kidneys, which leads to the formation of stones. Excess mineral collected inside the vascular walls, which starts the process of constriction of the veins and arteries. From the abundance of calcium affects the muscles.

Why do we need calcium channel blockers

Once in the cell, calcium particles reinforce the body's metabolism, increased use of oxygen, leading to muscle spasm, increased nervousness.

What happens under the influence of BPC:

• relaxation of arterial and venous vessels;
• improvement of cardiac and cerebral circulation;
• increasing the number of fluid secreted by an organism;
• delayed process - platelet adhesion;
• restored spasmodic heart rate;
• are spasms of smooth internal and external muscles.

The composition of the BPC

Calcium channel blockers (the latest generation of drugs list will be discussed later in the article) have a diverse composition. Calcium antagonists have one active substance, but a number of "auxiliary" compounds that are necessary for drug development narrow- or wide-actions.

Just produce the drug consisting of several active substances. The shape data BPC except the main active component are more nitric acid salt. Such combinations are used in the cardiological practice.

Calcium channel blockers are available in different forms. In the latest generation of products is listed capsules used under the tongue, drugs for injection and intravenous lines.

Group classification of CCB

Pharmacological agents of LBC groups have widespread use in medical practice.

With BPC treated:

• all kinds of heart disease;
• distsirkulyarnye brain damage;
• imbalance of peripheral circulation.

Calcium channel blockers (the list of the latest generation of products is divided into several sub) divided by the pharmacological composition.

There are 4 main classes of drugs:

1. Do not slow down the work of the heart muscle - dihydropyridines.
2. Slowing heart rate - difenilalkilaminy.
3. Increase blood flow to the heart and restore the rhythm - benzodiazepines.
4. Improve vascular circulation in the brain - difenilpiperazin.

BPC generation

At this stage, pharmacological advances, there are 4 classes of CCB.

These classes have separation at 1, 2 and 3 Generation:

1. The oldest of them all - selective calcium antagonists. Patients need to apply them every 6 hours.
2. The second generation has a more lasting effect. They used 2 times a day every 12 hours. second-generation drugs are less negative phenomena when compared to the previous group.
3. Calcium channel blockers - the latest generation of drugs list exceeds predecessors in strength and duration of the work in the body. Their action is 24 hours, which facilitates medication.

Mechanism of action

Its deterrent effect of BPC show without giving calcium ions get into the smooth muscle cells. Active components extend cardiovascular system, because of which blood flow velocity is increased. As a result, the heart gets more oxygen derived metabolic products.

By reducing the heart rate and cardiac contractility, CCB limit myocardial need for oxygen. The drug helps the heart muscle to relax. Expanded surface vessels (arteries) that suppresses the symptoms of hypertension.

There are calcium channel blockers, which reduce heart rate. Medications in this class slow down the process of platelet adhesion, which prevents blood clots occur in the blood vessels of the heart. Calcium antagonists are helping to collect the "wrong" cholesterol and removes it from the bloodstream, thereby increasing cholesterol metabolism in the body.

Indications

The spectrum assignment calcium channel blockers large.

By common pathologies include:

• Hypertension or high blood pressure. One of the primary action of these preparations - lower pressure;
• angina or "angina pectoris", except for acute coronary syndrome;
• any failures in heart rate;
• the defeat of the interventricular septum;
• Raynaud's syndrome, disorders of the peripheral circulation;
• headaches of unknown etiology;
• distsirkulyarnaya dysmetabolic and pathology of the brain;
• drug and alcohol addiction;
• dementia;
• non-infectious lesions of the nervous system.

All CCBs have vasodilating properties. Separately isolated group of calcium channel blockers that have protivogistaminnye quality. They are prescribed for allergic itching. These medicines include Cinnarizine.

Vascular spasms accompanied by all of the above pathologies. This leads to disruption of blood circulation in the body. As a consequence there is cell death and tissue, local or global myocardial necrosis involves.

angina

angina - a disease in which develops a lack of oxygen in the heart, as a consequence - myocardial dystrophy. Pathology accompanied with sudden onset of pain in the chest, neck, axilla. Directs this process the excess calcium that leads to vascular spasm. It can be triggered by both feelings, and physical exhaustion.

All calcium antagonists increase cardiovascular circulation, which helps to prevent the next attack. Calcium channel blockers help the patient to maintain emotional and physical stress.

In systemic therapy the patient must assign Diltiazem in individually selected dosage and scheme.

When angina, combined with a disturbance of the heart rhythm, and hypertension, it is necessary to appoint dihydropyridines (Corinfar, nifedipine). In many cases, it is the primary drug of Nifedipine in disease therapy.

heart attack

Myocardial infarction - is a form of degenerative changes of heart. The cause of the pathological process is vasoconstriction main muscles of the body and as a result, thrombus formation.

Preparations heterogeneous drug group has a relaxing effect on many organs and systems, leading to the expansion of vascular spasm.

Drugs lower blood pressure. Of the most effective and inexpensive drugs verapamil release. In severe and unpredictable disease it is necessary to combine this group calcium antagonists with other antiischemic drugs.

Hypertension

Hypertension - chronic disease that manifests persistent vasoconstriction.

The necessity of using calcium channel blockers caused by the fact that they block access of calcium to the blood vessels.

Therapy chronic lifelong disease and contributes to the steady state:

• reduction of thrombosis risk;
• to minimize the chance of complications of hypertension;
• delay formation of vascular plaques;
• reducing the probability of left ventricular wall thickening.

In the treatment of hypertension, it makes sense to use all 4 blockers class.

Each group of products has a number of distinctive features:

1. Dihydropyridines (nifedipine, amlodipine). Their action relaxes vascular wall. At very high pressure, the appointment of these drugs fast enough to stabilize the patient's condition. Possible side effects - for prolonged use may appear edema.
2. Definilalkilaminy (verapamil, galopamil). Medicines of this group of heart relaxes spasms, normalize heart rate.
3. Benzodiazepines (diltiazem). Reduce the force of heart contractions and the tension of the heart muscle. Diltiazem therapy should be carried out under the strict supervision of a doctor, because the drug constricts blood vessels, which may adversely affect the therapy as a whole.
4. Difenilpiperaziny. Appointment Cinnarizinum advisable in case of violation of cerebral circulation, as it helps to normalize blood flow.

Dysfunction of the heart rate

The vast majority of cardiac arrhythmias or arrhythmias - are consequences of primary disease or illness. the root cause of treatment will help deal with the arrhythmia.

The major drugs in the treatment of disorders of heart rate and are finoptinum Diakordin.

1. finoptinum - a class of "slow" calcium blockers. Exhibit the properties of the active components antiarrhythmic action, vasodilation and decreasing pressure. The drug reduces heart muscle oxygen consumption by reducing heart rate and its alignment.
2. Diakordin (diltiazem). Has a pronounced antiarrhythmic action, especially in paroxysmal tachycardia, seizures heart rate above 120 beats per min. Diakordina feature - it reduces the excessive activity of the heart and reduces the number of heartbeats. Thus there is a spastic muscle relaxation of muscles, which reduces the local reaction of the vascular supply.

Precautionary measures

At the use of drugs from the group of calcium antagonists, caution should be.

1. It is necessary to combine with calcium antagonists, antihypertensive drugs.
2. Diakordin, finoptinum, nisoldipine drugs inhibit output vectors lipids, peptides and hormones. This leads to increased levels of blood tselanida.
3. Use of grapefruit and acetylsalicylic acid in the treatment of calcium antagonists reduce the level of cytochrome, which catalyzes a variety of reactions in the body. The number of blockers in the blood will increase.
4. Diakordin Finaptin and increase efficiency protivoholesterinovyh drugs, but increase the risk of liver toxicity.
5. Interaction BPC with alpha-blockers leads to a pressure drop, causing severe dizziness and loss of consciousness.
6. Apply calcium antagonists is necessary for life. You can not cancel self-therapy, change the dosage and to make other adjustments to the treatment regimen.
7. Prescribe drugs group BPC doctor can only. Apply calcium blockers is necessary under its control, visiting a specialist monthly.

Contraindications

Like any drug, calcium antagonists have their contraindications. They are divided into absolute (in its entirety) and relative (conditional).

The absolute limit to receive:

• the first 12 weeks of pregnancy;
• lactation;
• low pressure;
• pulmonary congestion;
• malformation of the pulmonary artery;
• poor circulation in the brain, as a consequence of the separation of thrombus.

Relative (conditional) limitations:

• application Diakordina finoptinum and at the end of pregnancy;
• malignant degeneration of the liver;
• Heart rate less than 55 beats per min .;
• progressive form of angina pectoris;
• thickening of the interventricular septum;
• receiving CCB combination with magnesium.

Side effects

When using different groups of side-effects of calcium antagonists also vary.

All groups of pharmacological agents cause similar complications:

• swelling of the lower extremities;
• increased heart rate;
• heat sensation;
• swelling of the face;
• Amlodipine may cause allergic reactions;
• Conversely, some drugs greatly reduce the heart rate (diakordin).
• dizziness;
• lack of bowel movements.

To avoid side reactions, it is necessary to choose the correct dosage of the drug.

withdrawal

Medicaments calcium antagonists differ in the chemical formula, however vary in severity of withdrawal syndrome:

1. Finoptinum. Of all the calcium blockers, this drug is the longest and the cumulative impact on the patient. After the abolition of finoptin it for a long time it is stored in the tissues of the body and how the cancellation does not have such syndrome.
2. Diakordin. Discontinuation of the drug has no scientific confirmation of withdrawal.
3. Corinfar. Upon abrupt cessation of therapy leads to complications and deterioration of patient's condition.
4. Cinnarizine. Long-term use does not affect the abolition of the drug.

dihydropyridine CCB

Dihydropyridine calcium blockers - drugs it does not slow down the heart activity.

These include:

• Amlodhi;
• Corinfar;
• Fenoptin;
• Diakordin.

phenylalkylamines

Calcium blockers in this class are divided into several generations.

They each have a selective effect on the heart muscle.

1. The first generation - it Veratard, Isoptin, Lekoptin.
2. The second generation - Verogalid, Veratard, Isoptin Wed.
3. The third generation - gallopamil, Prokorum.

benzodiazepines

This type calcium antagonists have an effect on the entire cardiovascular system. It reduces the heart rate.

Benzodiazepines are divided into 2 generation.

1. The first generation - Diakordin, Aldizem.
2. The second generation - Altiazem PP Brokaltsin.

selective BPC

Selective different electoral means. Each drug class of calcium channel blockers has tissue selectivity.

These calcium antagonists are divided into several subspecies.

calcium blockers with a primary effect on the arteries and veins: dihydropyridines and other:

• amlodipine;
• nilvadipine;
• cilnidipine.
• mibefradil.

calcium blockers with a primary effect on the heart muscle: fenilkilaminy and benzothiazepines.

Fenilkilaminy:

• izoptin;
• verogalid;
• finoptinum.

benzothiazepine:

• diakordin;
• lerkamen;
• lercanidipine.

List of blockers of calcium channels of the latest generation

Calcium channel blockers	antiarrhythmic result	antianginal result	antihypertensive result
amlodipine	—	+	+
lercanidipine	—	+	+
lacidipine	—	+	+

Calcium channel blockers (drugs list of the latest generation of which is given above) to increase the blood circulation in the heart muscle, eliminate the spasm of the veins and arteries. The duration of action of 30-50 hours, which is much superior to their predecessors.

List of calcium channel blockers slow

The "slow" calcium blockers are of 2 types:

• non-selective;
• combined.

BCCI nonselective:

• fenoksan;
• kordium;
• lidoflazina;
• perhexiline.

BCCI combined:

• indapamide;
• Corinfar;
• amlodipine combination with a diuretic.

Can I take CCBs without a prescription?

Before assigning a particular drug the doctor performs a complete diagnosis, so the self-administration of drugs is prohibited without prior consultation.

During the interview with the doctor is necessary to accurately answer all his questions, to tell what ails. Based on internal survey, examination, diagnosis and related diseases doctor prescribes a calcium channel blocker therapy.

In the treatment process may be necessary in the measurement of arterial abnormalities in heart rate. Calcium antagonists or calcium blockers - serious drugs, which do not allow self-medication. Their impact on the body of the individual patient individually.

Calcium channel blockers are effective in the treatment of pathologies of the heart muscle, veins and arteries.

List of the latest generation of drugs, which was cited in the article - it is not a complete list of existing drugs. Each medium has unique properties that can pick regimen individually for all patients.

Registration of the article: Mila Friedan

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