Adenovirus infection in children. Symptoms and treatment with antibiotics, folk remedies. clinical recommendations

In infancy adenoviral infection can occur with complications, so it is important to cure it as soon as possible after the onset of 1 or 2 symptoms. In children, there is an inflammation of the throat, nose, conjunctiva, and sometimes stomach. Discovering the first symptoms, it is necessary to see a doctor.

Adenovirus infection - what is it?

Adenovirus infection in children whose symptoms almost immediately - at 1-2 days after infection, occurs with some features.

Clinical manifestations characteristic of children:

• general weakness;
• inflammation of the mucous membranes of the nose, throat, lungs and the digestive system;
• complications - inflammation of the liver, lymph nodes and spleen.

Infectious agents - Adenoviride preferably highly resistant to the cold temperatures. The average period of their lives - 2 weeks.

Adenovirus - anthroponotic infection and one form of SARS, which always occurs acutely, and contributes to inflammation of the respiratory system, eyes, digestive. Perhaps the inflammation of the lymphoid tissue. Most often, the disease is transferred to younger children, including a strong enough immune systems. This is due to the fact that the adenovirus has many forms - pathogens.

After recovery, the child's immune system is formed, but only one type of the virus, so there is no guarantee that he will not get sick again. Hardened children with good immune system suffer from an average of 2-3 times over the winter due to the fact that the body affects different viruses. There are all the typical symptoms of "colds" - cough, runny nose, fever.

At older ages (7-10 years) the child has acquired immunity is formed, and the number of colds in the cold season is reduced, as well as the risk of dangerous complications.

Children who are breastfed are substantially independent of adenovirus infection, as they formed a passive immunity. Antibodies to adenovirus can form during pregnancy. If, however, at the very mother's immune system is weak, the child is still sick.

The causative agent - adenovirus almost completely resistant to environmental influences. In normal temperature, it is stored up to 2 weeks, and conducted studies of dust that collects on the playground, in closed areas, including - at home, have shown that it also may contain a virus that causes "impact" on the body with the changing weather conditions.

Adenovirus is completely eliminated only at high temperatures - in the summer. In other seasons, it is stored in the air, on surfaces and enters the body. Another variant of the infection - through saliva, pieces of runny nose of an infected person.

When the adenovirus enters the body, it penetrates the mucous membrane and lymph nodes. If the immune system is unable to cope with the virus, there is cell damage and inflammation. The spread of infection in the body is through the blood and lymph. At this point, there are outward signs of the disease. If no complications of the disease, the virus dies quickly and the child recovers.

The latent period - up to 12 days after which the adenovirus begins to strike the cells of the organism, and the reaction occurs. The disease is dangerous for children of any age with weak immunity, since there may be complications requiring antibiotic treatment.

The severity of the disease in children aged 3 to 10 years:

1. Light (1) - a general period of the disease - up to 7 days. Complications No child is quickly cured.
2. Moderate to (2) - the average duration of illness - 3 weeks. Complications due to the defeat of the respiratory, digestive.
3. Heavy (3) - the most dangerous form of virus penetration into the meninges and meningitis development. Developing other complications. To the usual inflammation joins bacterial infection and multiple comorbidities.

Children 2-3 years old are the most common complications such as pneumonia, otitis media, bronchitis and inflammation of the sinuses. In children older - from 3 to 6 years developing encephalitis, meningitis, conjunctivitis, if effective and well-chosen course of treatment was not carried out in time. Additional complications include inflammation of the appendix.

The disease can take on - in different ways: typical and atypical, depending on how the symptoms.

After a thorough inspection and examination, the doctor sets the type of virus and selects the appropriate treatment. A child with a strong immunity can be a carrier of the virus, but no symptoms occur and inflammation does not occur until hypothermia or other infection diseases.

Ways of infection with adenovirus

A healthy child is infected with adenovirus from the patient.

This happens in several ways:

1. Water. Children fall ill while visiting the pool or bathing in a bath with an infected sibling.
2. Air - drop.
3. Fecal - oral. This option is possible non-compliance with basic hygiene: hand washing after using the toilet and when returning to the streets after a trip on public transport.

Adenovirus has lymphotropic properties and after ingestion of the shell is implemented in tonsils, eye, intestines. In places the defeat there are inflammatory processes.

The causes of the disease

The probability of infection of the child increases, "the season of colds," especially when visiting kindergartens, schools and clubs.

Major risk factors and causes of infection:

• Children under 5 years of age and poor resistance to infection;
• a large number of children in the institution;
• weak immunity due to congenital abnormalities, chronic illness;
• the tendency of the child to colds and inflammation.

The strain of adenovirus lives a year, but manifested in the cold season. The most likely time of infection - the middle or late autumn, winter and early spring. Children under three years are particularly susceptible to infection because the immune system, resulting in mother's milk, is already waning, and his own had not yet worked out. In this case, the disease is particularly acute.

Symptoms in children

Adenovirus infection in children whose symptoms appear almost immediately after infection, is characterized by two syndromes:

1. Faringokonyuktivalnaya fever;
2. Respiratory syndrome.

Since adenovirus is a type SARS, in the initial stage of the disease are manifested the same symptoms of - making it difficult to understand the type of infection. The child appears chills and fever, inflamed lymph nodes.

However, adenovirus has the features that are important to highlight that the diagnosis is correct:

• Unlike SARS, the disease caused by adenovirus, almost never take on the character of a pandemic;
• the virus spreads well in children's groups;
• infected with adenovirus can be in the pool, and the main symptom will conjunctivitis.

The incubation period of diseases caused by adenovirus infection lasts from 4 to 7 days.

Initial symptoms, which manifest themselves shortly after infection:

• High temperatures - up to 38C °;
• difficulty in swallowing food - scratchy and sore throat;
• eye redness, pain, increased lacrimation;
• naughty child, lack of appetite and general weakness.

On day 2 or 3 and manifest other symptoms:

• raising the temperature to 39 ° C and above;
• cough. Starting from 3-4 days, there is phlegm;
• nasal;
• inflammation of the lymph nodes;
• diarrhea with mucus - in newborns and infants;
• dyspnea;
• suppuration of eyes.

In some cases, high temperature - from 38.4 and above accompanied by convulsions. It is also possible enlargement of the spleen and liver.

Scientists investigating adenoviruses, believe that this virus belongs to SARS, which is why many take them for contamination of ordinary flu. However, a very important time to understand what the child is not just a cold and fell ill due to ingestion of adenovirus.

This "say" the following symptoms:

1. Conjunctivitis with an overall weakening of the body - a sure sign of an adenovirus. Eyes turn red, watery and sore. The child may complain of a feeling of sand in the eyes. Inflammation is exposed as one or both eyes.
2. Malaise: Nausea, vomiting - Reserved 1-2 days, in contrast to conventional virus in which these symptoms persist for up to 7 days.
3. Temperature 38 ° C, Continuing 1-2 days - a sure sign of an adenovirus. Exhausting fever, almost does not occur.

Children can the special nature of the disease: the temperature is most often not very high and decreases rapidly, but the other symptoms persist. The child will complain of pain in the eyes, scratchy throat, and when viewed from the doctor notice swollen lymph nodes, nasopharyngitis, bronchitis. Perhaps the inflammation of the lymph nodes in the stomach.

In newborns because of residual immunity, the disease is virtually no temperature, the lymph nodes are not enlarged, but may develop pneumonia.

When pneumonia is characterized by the following symptoms:

• dyspnea;
• convulsions;
• vomiting.

For infants as a peculiar attribute as a change in stool - occurrence therein of mucus and blood clots. Occasionally it can be confused with appendicitis adenoviral infection due to aching and severe abdominal pain.

Varieties of adenovirus infection

Adenovirus in children can manifest in mild and severe forms.

In the mild form of the disease are observed the following:

1. Catarrhal laryngitis, tracheitis, bronchitis.
2. Lymphadenitis (regional).
3. Conjunctivitis - purulent or purulent.

Children up to 1 year in this form may develop an adenoviral pneumonia, which often becomes severe.

When there is severe:

1. Malfunction of the intestines, the kidneys and liver.
2. Bacterial infections.
3. Violation of the functions of the CNS.

It does not matter what form of the disease occurred in a child - Adenovirus can cause complications if not properly and prolonged treatment. Most often the disease goes on the organs of digestion and respiration.

Much less likely to occur appendicitis. When you see the baby severe pain in the abdomen and at least one Associated symptoms - shortness of breath, coughing, watery eyes, you need as quickly as possible to call an ambulance.

Characteristics of the disease in newborns

Adenovirus infection in children, the symptoms of which are already evident in the 1-3 days after infection occurs most often in children under 7 years. Newborns rarely get sick with adenovirus, but if the infection enters the body, the complications can be serious - bronchitis, pneumonia and otitis media. the recovery period - up to 2-4 weeks.

Most often infected babies whose mothers did not breastfeed - from - for lack of immunity transmitted by the mother's milk.

In general, the clinical picture is similar in children and adults, but the kids are harder to recover. They develop intoxication, appetite loss and complications. Disturbed and the work of the intestines - there is diarrhea, loss of appetite. There may be pain in the navel, an admixture of blood and mucus in the stool. In a study of children is marked swelling of the lymph nodes.

Possibly intrauterine infection with adenovirus fetus. In this case, the child is born with respiratory organs diseases, which should be treated as quickly as possible.

Diagnostics

Adenovirus infection is diagnosed in children on the basis of clinical signs. However, those symptoms that occur may not be sufficient for the correct diagnosis, therefore, carried out an additional medical examination.

Primarily the doctor must examine the child's appearance, to study its general condition and carry out the initial examination:

• nasopharynx;
• stomach (soft tissue, the presence / absence of pain);
• lung (presence / absence of wheezing).

Measured body temperature. Then it is given direction on analyzes of blood, urine and stool samples to detect the virus. Depending on the presence of complications - bronchitis, conjunctivitis, an appendicitis, otitis media, the child should not only examine the pediatrician, but also the doctor narrow profile - otolaryngologist, ophthalmologist, surgeon.

Highest diagnostic utility have tissue samples, and the secrets of the affected organs. Perhaps a study of nasopharyngeal swabs, conjunctival samples. For epidemiological studies taking the chair in which you can find adenovirus.

Most often after infection takes several months without symptoms, and only when cooling or inflammation of the body's infection occurs. If a child's immune system is weakened, tissue samples, which were subjected to pathological change, are very useful for diagnosing the virus and the hepatitis B or colitis.

Samples taken bronchi patients with weak immunity, provided of bronchitis and severe coughing. Today conducting a study of quantitative PCR to measure the load of adenoviruses in the blood. This analysis is commercially available and gives good results. This testing can be performed with other samples.

symptomatic treatment

Most often, the disease caused by adenovirus treated at home, but with a doctor's supervision. In hospital children are placed in the presence of complications and in severe disease, e.g., if a high temperature is more than 3 days or generalization of the process occurs.

Standard antiviral drugs ineffective, so the doctor has to choose drugs individually, depending on the symptoms.

Until then, until after the fever, bed rest is necessary to observe in all cases. Antipyretics administered at body temperature is raised to 38,5S ° and above. If the temperature is lower, the antipyretics doctor prescribes only at high likelihood of developing convulsions or fever. For the symptomatic treatment prescribed: Paracetamol, Nurofen.

Antiviral drugs

In addition to means for reducing the temperature and pain appoint other antivirals:

• Lasolvan - inhalation;
• Bromhexine and ACC;
• Mukaltin, Ambroxol;
• Oftalmoferon.

Be sure to strict adherence to the age dosages, so antiviral therapy may appoint a doctor who is familiar with the history of the disease.

Use of antibiotics

Adenovirus infection in children whose symptoms may not appear immediately treated by the appointment of a causal treatment. Appointed by antiviral drugs. They must be used only on prescription in the doses indicated in the recipe. Antibiotics are appointed, if the disease has given serious complications or the risk of secondary infections development arose.

Types of diseases where treatment with antibiotics is required:

• angina;
• bronchitis;
• pneumonia;
• otitis;
• conjunctivitis (purulent).

Local antibiotics produce fewer side effects, so they are prescribed primarily for children.

The main types of drugs and dosages:

A drug	application rules	release Form
bioparoks	Make injection into the nostrils or throat, the number of injections is determined by your doctor	Spray can
Grammidin	Within 30 minutes, taking 2 tablets in a row. The daily dosage - 4 tablets	Lozenges
Stopangin	2 times a day for 2 injection	Spray

The use of these drugs gives significant improvement in child well-being and eliminates inflammation. It is necessary to complete a full course of treatment, even if it seems that the child is healthy - the infection can stay in the body and manifest itself again.

Folk remedies

In combination with drug therapy should be used some folk remedies to accelerate the healing process of the child.

Doctors approve the following methods of home treatment:

1. Applying heating pads and ice cold rubdown - in the ground projection of large vessels. Applying make for a short time and only on doctor's advice.
2. Abundant warm drink. You can give your baby a warm water, teas and herbal infusions.
3. To soften the cough should cook the milk with the addition of soda at the tip of teaspoon
4. Eyewash in inflammation. Use furatsilina or potassium permanganate solution, diluted with water. You can do the washing with infusion of chamomile or weak tea brewing.
5. Gargling with warm water and sea salt - a pinch on the glass.

What - or other treatments are contraindicated. Folk therapy necessarily combined with medication to eliminate the inflammation and destruction of the virus in the body.

Prognosis and possible complications of adenovirus

If there are no serious complications, the recovery occurs in 6-7 days after the start of treatment. If prolonged illness, the symptoms persists for 2-3 weeks.

The first signs of disappearing viral infection of the conjunctiva, and cough and inflammation of the lungs or throat can be stored up to 3 weeks.

In some cases, there is "undulating" of the disease, when the child's condition improves and worsens, and residual symptoms may persist on the background of a marked improvement - often coughing.

Complications in children occur frequently if the immunity is lowered and insufficient treatment when the first symptoms. In case of complications percentage of recovery is high, but it is necessary to choose the right medication: anti-viral and anti-inflammatory treatment.

All complications usually occur on the background of adenoviral infection with active reproduction of pathogenic organisms - if the body is weakened. In this case, the infection enters mainly in the respiratory system and causes a lot of inflammation.

Severe complication - the penetration of adenovirus into the mesentery - the lymph nodes located in the peritoneal region. In this case, it is possible the development of appendicitis, with the result that required surgery. However, in this case, the outcome is favorable, if in time to see a doctor.

Other possible complications, tonsillitis, sinusitis, exacerbation of previously diagnosed chronic illness.

The faster adenoviral infection is detected, the more likely it is that children will not have serious complications that can cause lingering health problems. Typically, the first symptoms can be seen after just a few days after infection. Treatment should begin when the runny nose, coughing, sneezing, and general malaise, as well as digestive problems.

Author of the article: Aksinya Aspen

Registration of the article: Lozinski Oleg

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