Monokuleznaya infection. What is it children, adults. Photos, symptoms, treatment, prevention, clinical guidelines

Monokuleznaya infection (that is it can be found in this article) affects a growing number of people throughout the world. Its symptoms resemble angina. However, along with the redness of the throat there is a state of anxiety and bulking in the body, increase lymph nodes and liver, spleen changes.

What is mononucleosis

Mononucleosis has several names. It is called by the name Filatova doctor who treated the disease in children, as well as monocytic angina. Its causative agent - virus is a small, open two scientists - and Epstein Barr virus. To determine the presence of the virus is possible only as a result of blood tests.

During monocytic angina occurs in different ways. Mild with appropriate treatment and bed rest is 2-3 weeks. In severe fever and fever kept for about 3 weeks. On the recovery takes another 2 weeks. The chronic form of the disease lasts up to 18 months.

Hard to carry the disease, patients older than 20 years, as well as pregnant women. The virus can cause miscarriage. After recovery, the patient monitoring does not stop turning back in 6 months. The patient is recommended to periodically take a variety of tests, so as not to miss a relapse.

How is mononucleosis

Infected with mononucleosis may be any person, adult or even a newborn whose mother received a blood transfusion during childbirth. Mononucleosis is transmitted by air (air enters the saliva from the patient) or household by (through clothes, toys, utensils). The source of infection may be sick people, and even those who have recovered.

The incubation period for new cases occurs for a long time, so determine where the infected child impossible.

The disease never takes on the character of the epidemic, so in institutions do not declare quarantines on the outbreak of mononucleosis. Quite often the infection occurs on the southern resorts. High temperatures, a large number of people on public transport, at the beach - the ideal conditions for the spread of the virus.

How dangerous is the Epstein-Barr virus for children and adults

The disease is a long time. During the period of sick feeling tired, he always want to sleep. Even longer the rehabilitation period. The causative agent of the disease weakens the body's resistance, the child a few months becomes vulnerable to any disease.

The researchers report the peculiar structure of the microbial species. Virus DNA comprises up to 85 protein proteins. Penetrating into the cell of any organism, the virus begins to multiply rapidly, a long time can be in the air "without a master" until they get into the body weakened man.

EBV can cause not only acute mononucleosis, but also provoke other diseases:

• chronic fatigue, which does not pass;
• inflammation of lymph compounds;
• immune deficiency;
• herpes and hepatitis;
• inflammation of the lymph nodes.

mononucleosis virus was discovered, but read it 60 years ago, only now scientists have figured out that the virus of this group is very insidious, and can affect the internal organs. It causes and development of malignant tumors, which may appear in the nose, in the stomach, the intestine, in the salivary glands.

There is the risk of fungal diseases. Simultaneously with mononucleosis patient may otitis, pancreatitis, inflammation of the kidneys.

The causes of infectious mononucleosis

Monokuleznaya infection - it is reported statistics. According to recent data, the number of people infected with the virus has increased many times over. Especially spread the disease in Ukraine. Almost 90% of the population in childhood or adolescence suffered from a herpes virus infection.

Its forerunners were:

• virus, which is released together with saliva, rather than by a rhinitis and cough (coughing and rhinitis not accompany mononucleosis);
• communication with the sick man, who for a long time is a terrible disease pathogen;
• sexual relations.

A major cause of viral herpes are the social conditions that exist in the developing mills, where a large number of families that differ inappropriate behavior. Very often infected toddlers up to 3 years, outbreaks peak in adolescents 15 to 18 years. Most affected boys than girls.

disease symptoms

Symptoms of the disease in children and adults differ significantly. Recognize the disease herpes infection in children is difficult because it resembles a normal respiratory disease.

symptoms:

• aching muscles of the body;
• sleep disturbance;
• lost appetite;
• rises very high temperature;
• constant headache;
• the child is very weak, it increased sweating;
• swollen lymph nodes;
• hard to swallow.

Pain for a long time does not pass in the larynx, there is a white purulent plaque. On examination, you will notice the change in the posterior pharyngeal wall: it becomes grainy.

People after thirty are immune to the virus of infectious mononucleosis. If the virus is still able to penetrate into the body, the disease is asymptomatic.

But sometimes ill manifest the following symptoms:

• a few days the temperature remains above normal, although improving slightly: one - two degrees;
• lays his nose, tonsils are increased;
• a person gets tired quickly.

Then, suddenly, the temperature rises sharply, the patient starts a fever. Such a condition can last more than 30 days.

There may be also show signs resembling jaundice:

• dark urine of the patient;
• increased bilirubin in the blood.

Complications of infectious mononucleosis

Monokuleznaya infection (it is possible to determine the symptoms) characterized by signs of volatility. The first signs resemble angina. After a few days, new, not typical of angina.

To understand that the symptoms appeared - the beginning of complications, it is necessary to consider them in more detail:

1. At the beginning of the disease blood test it may show that develops a serious illness, however, in subsequent laboratory studies shows that increasing the number of monocytes in the blood and lymphocytes, and an increase in the number of leukocytes slightly. In the midst of the disease in the blood there is a special kind of cells - mononuclear cells. The combination monuklearov and monocytes confirms that the disease progresses.
2. As a result, the disease affects the nerves, resulting in vascular spasm head, spasmodic condition of vessels. But this background may have a number of other diseases. The most severe complication is considered a syndrome that damages the nerve endings.
3. With the deterioration of state of health is recovering, that the body, new media infections, viruses and bacteria. The body is not able to resist, so develop bronchitis, pneumonia, tonsillitis.
   
4. Glandular fever provokes hepatitis as evidenced by a high content of bilirubin and transaminase in the liver. Becomes inflamed intermediate kidney tissue, kidney inflamed subsequently fully - began interstitial nephritis. The most dangerous condition - an enlarged spleen, which fabrics can not withstand this change and rupture.

Risks during pregnancy

Mononukleoznaya infection (it is possible to study in detail below) can also occur in women situation that is extremely dangerous because the Epstein-Barr virus provokes a miscarriage and mutational changes fetus.

The difficulty lies in the fact that the incubation period of mononucleosis can last for 3 weeks, and the woman, waiting child, and has no idea that the body is infected, because her condition is no different from everyday It is. Meanwhile, the virus not only affects the female body, and on the future baby.

These troubles can be avoided if the plan conception: a blood test to make sure that the herpes virus infection in the blood there.

If the disease takes a protracted nature, the doctor prescribes the patient treatment, you must agree. During pregnancy, the use of antiviral drugs is not recommended, and the specific means which will be able to destroy the virus, Epstein-Barr virus. In most cases, doctors are advised to have an abortion, because it is difficult to treat mononucleosis.

To maintain the immunity of a pregnant woman should eat foods rich in vitamins A, E, C, D, B, which are found in fresh fruits and vegetables. To add to the diet of dairy, meat products, and completely abandon the canned products. You can not ignore the advice - to comply with bed rest. In should refrain from strenuous exercise during the one and a half years.

Diagnosis of infectious mononucleosis

Monokuleznaya infection: it is confirmed by studies conducted in the laboratory.

For example:

• Analysis of blood composition;
  
• blood analysis for the presence therein of antibodies that can fight the pathogen of the disease;
• ultrasound of the internal organs.

Modern diagnostic techniques (polymerase chain reaction) help us to understand the disease. If the blood found large cells, in which a large nucleus and cytoplasm is special, this is important evidence that the body of a new infectious agent. Laboratory tests are conducted frequently: a blood test should be done every 3 days.

This allows you to see the relationship:

• red blood cells;
• leukocytes;
• platelets.

This ratio tells you how to apply the treatment, says the body's resistance. The patient's blood also contains neutrophils, resembling sticks and atypical mononuclear cells. When the disease progresses, the number increased to 50%, their number gradually decreased.

Recovered the patient continues to be tested every 7 days. The doctor should make sure that the virus will not be activated again. Accounts every three months to be tested for HIV infection, because at the initial stage of HIV disease resembles mononucleosis.

Treatment of infectious mononucleosis

Monokuleznaya infection is difficult to treat, so you have to use such drugs that only suppress the symptoms of the disease. What can be done, the doctor decides.

This may include the following areas of treatment:

• to enhance immunity vitamin is needed; it restores the body's defenses; It helps not only special drugs and herbal teas that contain vitamin C;
• if the patient has high temperature, it knocked antipyretics;
• with strong antibiotics are assigned sore throat and gargling antiseptic compositions; Patients must fulfill bed rest, as long as the temperature is not normal;
• in the case of liver disease patient takes choleretic drugs;
• Antibacterial compositions are needed to inhibit the bacterial infection;
• It recommended as a dietary food, restoring metabolism.

Treatment of infectious mononucleosis is not of a specific character, a specific treatment plan no. If mononucleosis takes the form of heavy and needs surgery, the patient is in the hospital. The surgeon who performed the operation, monitors the wound, making dressing. Rehabilitation continues for a long time. Its progress depends on compliance with the recommendations made by a physician.

medication

Drug treatment is aimed at getting rid of fever, general intoxication, headaches, pains in muscle tissue, the removal of throat inflammation. Help get rid of the name of the symptoms of the formulations described below.

Funds related to analgesic group - Analgin, Ketorol

Analgin able to reduce pain, reduce the temperature. The dosage depends on the intensity of pain (allowable daily intake for adults - 8 tablets after meals). Ketorol dose is determined individually, but no more than 3 tablets per day and not more than a week, so as not to allow to develop side effects

Antipyretics - paracetamol, aspirin

Such drugs reduce the febrile syndrome, churning temperature which can go up to a critical point. Paracetamol inhibits the formation of prostaglandins, substances that localize the inflammatory and pain syndromes. Daily intake for adults - from 500 mg to 4 g after meals.

You can receive the drug for a week. After taking the drug should drink plenty of water.

Aspirin is able not only to lower the temperature, but also to reduce pain. The maximum daily dose - 6 tablets.

For removal of the high temperature means it may take 3 days with pain syndromes - 5 days.

Nurofen, Nemisil - from the group nesteroidov

These drugs reduce the inflammatory processes. Nurofen, Nemisil not only lower the temperature, but also reduces the sore throat, reduce inflammation of the tonsils. Nurofen tablet taken by up to 4 times a day, that envy of the degree of pain.

Nimisil - is a powder that is diluted with water. It is rapidly absorbed into the blood and reduces the concentration of prostaglandins. Prepacked packs in weight of 2 g (an amount of the drug required at one time).

Mononucleosis Treatment folk remedies

Completely cure mononucleosis, insidious and dangerous disease, it is impossible to folk remedies, but the recipes of traditional healers piggy bank can be used for getting rid of the symptoms of the disease. Echinacea is popularly known as the flower, which has antimicrobial and antiviral action. A glass of tea from Echinacea will cause the body to find the strength for resistance to infection.

Preparing it simply:

• Echinacea root dry milled;
• 2 hours. l. roots need to pour boiling water and infuse for about an hour.

Also useful teas from melissa.

Recipes melissovogo tea a few:

• 20 g of dry grass poured liter of boiling water, maintained a certain time; You can drink in the morning to the afternoon and evening;
• 8 Art. l. chopped melissa pour boiling water, so that water is well covered composition insist; infusion is used for gargling and oral.

Drinks from the golden root helps to reduce inflammation, to overcome the infection has arisen again. Preparing tea as follows: 1 hour. l. fine raw material must be filled with 1.5 liters of boiling water. Tea should infuse for two hours, you need to drink it often.

Dandelion root is able to anesthetize, clean the blood, calm the nervous system. 1 tbsp. l. Spoon root filled glass of water and brought to a boil, then aged for about an hour. Should drink for half a glass before a meal.

Monokuleznaya infection (what it is described above) is treated by traditional methods. This therapy is effective and specific. If the treatment of folk remedies there is an allergic rash, receiving infusions should be discontinued.

therapeutic diets

Without proper nutrition and dieting to cure mononucleosis impossible.

Diet food is based on the following principles:

1. Between infectious mononucleosis organism consumes large amounts of nutrients. To counter the germs, you should increase the daily calorie intake (overall caloric intake recommended for certain age, to be multiplied by one and a half).
2. Immune system cells need the protein, are therefore useful are foods containing it.
   
3. For replenishment of vitamins, minerals and trace elements necessary to prepare a salad of vegetables and fruits each day that contain natural preservatives. If you combine the various components, it is possible to give the necessary support to the body. Then we can not use synthetic multivitamin complexes.
4. Porridge of whole grains will give strength and energy to be spent on the fight against microbes.
5. Confectionery products should be excluded, because an excessive amount of sugar will depress the immune system. But the berries can be eaten in any quantity, because they are natural sources of antioxidants.
6. To the toxins eliminated from the body, it needs every day and a half liters of liquid (water, stewed fruit, fruit drinks berry, tea).

Diet therapy helps relieve adverse symptoms, provides the supply of nutrients, increases the level of resistance of the organism.

The prognosis of infectious mononucleosis

If mononucleosis disease takes a simple form, it has a favorable prognosis, and complications that exacerbate the disease, almost do not occur. The patient was prescribed medical check-up during the year to make sure that the Epstein-Barr virus activates its activities.

It recommended the observance of simple rules:

• abandonment of long trips and travel;
• do not move from one place to another: Climate change increases the risk of re-infection of return;
• can not supercool;
  
• If possible, avoid places where there is a lot of visitors;
• spending most of the day outdoors, in the parks;
• diet;
• see your doctor regularly.

Gradually, the patient is recovering and returning to everyday life.

Prevention mononucleosis

Preventive measures to reduce the risk of virus infections of this type are similar to measures carried out during the period of epidemic outbreaks of acute respiratory disease to prevent the spread of infection.

Prevention is as follows:

• daily physical education classes on the street;
• implementation of hygiene rules;
• proper nutrition and lifestyle;
• taking vitamins.

Name of the measures that everyone can provide their own for the good of their health and that of their loved ones. They prompt the immune system to work effectively, to create a barrier that protects against viruses. You can also call the emergency prevention measures for children who interacted with the patient mononucleosis, in particular, the appointment of a particular immunoglobulin.

Clinical doctors' recommendations

Mononucleosis is difficult to recognize, so doctors advise at the first sign of angina or acute respiratory viral infections visiting a therapist's office. If the diagnosis is confirmed, it can be treated on an outpatient basis, observing all the doctor's recommendations.

The main thing to take medicines that the doctor will prescribe more sleep because the body so quickly overcome fatigue and weakness. It will be encouraged and dietetic food. You need time to take tests, so as not to miss the complications caused by the Epstein-Barr virus.

Monokuleznaya infection - it is a dangerous disease that the duration of treatment and the consequences can not be foreseen. Course of the disease depends on the pathogen forms of immunity sick.

Registration of the article: Lozinski Oleg

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