Nootropics. List of the new generation of drugs with proven efficacy. Classification of the best for the children, the tablets without prescription, modern, natural

Nootropics affect the function and the human response, helping to improve the focus and concentration, as well as ease the tension caused by the different conditions of life. Scientists and medical professionals are constantly replenish a list of similar drugs with proven efficacy and examine their effects on the body.

The mechanism of action and pharmacology nootropics

To date, under the nootropami involve drugs, aimed at changing the higher functions of the human brain, they have an impact on:

• mechanisms of memory and learning new information.
• Improve the overall activity of the brain.
• The stability of the inner workings of the neurons to various negative factors.
• Improving the functioning of the cortical connections, that is, the processes occurring in the cerebral cortex and cerebral hemispheres.

For the first time this kind of drugs was discovered in the 60s of the last century, the study of a synthesized chemical - piracetam. Piracetam is the first substance having the effect of improving neural connections.

All nootropics be similarly versatile effects on the body:

• Increase the activity of neurons responsible for mental reactions.
• It enhances the quality of the central nervous system.
• Improve the distribution of nerve impulses (neurotransmission).
• It promotes the utilization of glucose, which is responsible for energy power muscles.
• Stabilized condition and strength of the cellular membranes that provide cell integrity.
• Positive effect on the activity of the nucleic acids responsible for the storage and transmission of information.
• Retain brain metabolism with a shortage of oxygen.

All these drugs have a cumulative effect, so their effect is manifested, on average, after 2 weeks.

Nootropics a positive effect on blood circulation in the head, helping to improve the central nervous system, which causes their usefulness in the treatment of neurological and psychological disorders.

classification nootropics

Depending on the efficiency and features of the mechanism of action, nootropics are divided into 2 classes:

1. Amnestic drugs to improve cognitive processes.
2. Neuroprotective agents that protect neurons from brain damaging factors of various etiologies (causes).

First group of drugs includes the following active substances:

• Group racetam (piracetam, rolziratsetam, etiratsetam, dupratsetam, oxiracetam, aniracetam, pramiracetam).
• Cholinergic agents, promoting vasodilation, improvement of blood circulation and the state of the smooth muscle of the internal organs (rivastigmine, choline chloride, bethanechol).
• Neural peptides that regulate physiological functions of the body.
• Aminoacids - building material for all proteins in the body (glycine, nooglutyl, biotredin)

Neuroprotective consist of:

• class of substances activating metabolism processes in the brain: pentoxifylline, acetyl-L-carnitine;
• cerebral vasodilators character, strong vasodilator drugs;
• calcium channel blockers, to help in the fight against hypertension;
• groups of substances acting on the brake CNS neurons;
• antioxidants that protect the body from external factors toxic;
• other drugs different groups: Huato boluses, naftidrofuryl, an extract of ginkgo biloba, etimizol, melatonin.

Nootropic substances are also included in other pharmacological agents to improve heart and brain activity.

Some experts divide nootrops the following types:

• Neutral exerted cognitive effect.
• Invirogative improving physiological responses.
• Soothing affecting the psychological and neurotic syndromes.

In modern practice, the main type of nootropics is racetam group that have the most effective action in the treatment of cognitive disorders.

Indications nootropics

Nootropics are used as the main or auxiliary agents in various fields of medicine:

• psychotherapy;
• psychology;
• pediatrics;
• neurology;
• Addiction;
• obstetrics.

Also in the complex treatment of the following disorders:

• acute vascular pathology;
• alcoholism;
• epilepsy;
• depression;
• schizophrenia;
• hyperactivity;
• cognitive impairment;
• deviant behavioral reaction;
• intoxication;
• delayed speech development;
• violation of blood flow as a result of head injuries;
• neurotic character disorders;
• insomnia;
• manifestations of vascular dystonia;
• CNS caused during childbirth;
• Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease;
• lack of attention syndrome.

Some types of nootropics active substances in therapy include ocular diseases, urethral diseases, migraine and stuttering.

old generation drugs

old generation nootropics are synthetic derivatives of the first preparation of piracetam. They are aimed at improving the existing cells

brain.

following the name refers to these tools:

• Nootropil.
• Tanakan.
• Omaron.
• Tiotsetam.
• Olatropil.
• Glycine.

These drugs act on the psychological reactions and general condition of the human nervous system.

They were among the first products that will improve mechanisms of memorization and diligence.

A distinctive feature of all the drugs mentioned above is a general positive effect on the mental process and increase criticality perception.

They are well absorbed into the body with ease and penetrate into the brain tissue, exerting a therapeutic effect.

These drawbacks racetam is arising after the use drowsiness, which prevents use of the drug during the day. The course of the old generation nootropics often 2-3 months without harm to health.

In combination with antidepressants piracetam increases their action, which has a positive effect on the course of treatment.

Clinically proven to Piracetam included in nootropil, has no proper exposure in the treatment of Alzheimer's and dementia patients. old generation drugs work only if long-term treatment, and fast fading effects can be observed after the cancellation of the course.

Nootropics new generation

New drugs are a 3 generation, it includes the following nootropics:

• Lecithin.
• Carphedon.
• Fenotropil.
• Sidnogluton.
• Fezam.
• Diaper.
• Cere.
• Cortexin.
• Semax.
• Ginkoum.

Nootropics (list of drugs with proven efficacy fades scientists) a new model aimed at the creation of new neural connections and to improve existing ones.

They promote the formation and stability of neurotransmitters which transmit signals from one nerve cell to another, thus ensuring the normal functioning of the central nervous system. This generation also nootropic substances help the body to produce the energy required for moderate to severe physical activity.

Nootropics such a positive effect on the immune system of the person and the heart by improving blood supply to the brain cells. Due vasodilating effects, nootropics remove plaque and blockage in the arteries and improve the functioning of neurons that transmit signals to the CNS.

The disadvantage of these preparations may be irritability and insomnia which stoped soothing nootropics.

new generation nootropics not well understood, and therefore there is no accurate data on the mechanisms of their action.

Nootropics with soothing effect

Nootropami popular with sedative effect are as follows:

• Phenibut.
• Calcium gopantenat.
• Pantogamum.
• Glycine.
• Meksidol.

These means calming effect on the CNS due to inhibition of neurotransmitter. They cropped light neurotic states, and especially popular in the treatment of children at the expense of less powerful influence on the child's brain, unlike other drugs.

Basically, these sedatives are used for:

• hyperactivity in children;
• restless sleep;
• restlessness, and memory disorders.

In addition Phenibut prescribed for nausea during movement of the car (or other vehicle) and the treatment of panic attacks easy character.

Nootropics (the list of drugs with proven efficacy Sedation given above) are widely used and in neurological practice, as they contribute to calming the elevated anxiety and constant voltage. Also, when using a marked decrease in pain in the head and temples.

The disadvantage of these preparations is drowsiness, which may occur due to overdose or individual characteristics of the body (increased sensitivity to vitamin B).

The formulations with activating action

Nootropics with invigorating effect intended for protection of brain cell structure and directed to the treatment of many diseases involving a reduction of intelligence and neural responses.

The primary drugs in this group are:

• Tanakan.
• Encephabol.
• Noben.
• Fenotropil.
• Nooklerin.

Nootropics such action is due to improved blood flow velocity neural cells, which promotes timely transmission of nerve impulses in the CNS.

All this has a positive effect on the recovery of consciousness and the stabilization of the overall brain circulation.

Some preparations with activating action possess high metabolic activity, which regulates the basic processes hormone, inhibitory and excitatory neurotransmitters.

Such neuroregulators should be taken only under the supervision of an experienced physician who is knowledgeable about the major symptoms of an overdose.

Invigorating nootropics disadvantage is the small amount of data on their precise degree of efficiency.

Top 5 nootropics

Nootropics (list of drugs with proven efficacy presented by the results of real practice in pediatrics and neurology) are assigned to both children and adults for various indications.

The most widely adopted the following names, in descending order:

1. Glycine.
2. Pantogamum.
3. Encephabol.
4. Meksidol.
5. Cere.

Features of the application and the differences shown in the table below:

Title	average cost	Active substance	Description and properties
Glycine	40 rubles.	Glycine	● metabolic regulator. ● Improves mood. ● Increasing the concentration. ● Reduces the risk of intoxication by alcohol and other drugs that affect the central nervous system. ● promotes normal sleep. ● It has a slight sedative effect.
Pantogamum	390 rubles.	Hopantenic acid.	● Increases resistance neural cells and brain tissues to negative factors. ● Has a calming effect moderate. ● Reduces hyperactivity ● improves tissue metabolism when the body of toxic substances.
encephabol	990 rubles.	Pyritinol.	● Increases reduced brain function, and nucleic acids ● stabilizes the membranes of nerve cells. ● Increases ductility of red blood cells, which reduces the viscosity of blood and its better blood flow. ● Improves blood flow to oxygen. ● To enter, glucose metabolism. ● Recovers memory function and nerve cells.
meksidol	Tablets - 390 rubles. ampoule 10 pcs. - 490 rubles.	emoxypine	It has the following properties: ● anti-hypoxic. ● membrane-protective (safety). ● nootropic. ● anticonvulsants. ● anxiolytic (anti-anxiety).
Cerebrolysin in a solution for injection.	from 1090 rubles.	concentrate cerebrolysin	It provides: ● metabolic regulation. ● protection of neural tissues. ● Stimulation and increased neuronal activity. ● Positive impact on the recovery of cognitive functions.

Each drug has its own specific indications and contraindications, so before using it is necessary to discuss the instructions for use of a qualified physician.

The best products for children

The most commonly used nootropic effect of the drug in pediatric patients are:

1. Glycine (40 rub.);
2. Pantogamum (440-700 rub.);
3. Kogitum (4500 rbl.);
4. Pikamilon (80 - 150 rubles.);
5. Encephabol (990 rub.).

These drugs have a positive effect on the child's brain, increasing circulation and normalizing processes of excitation and inhibition of neurons.

The first two products have a slight sedative effect, along with the main cognitive effects. Kogitum produced in ampoules, and it is assigned a total retardation of the child and reduced physical activity. It is used for serious violations of the central nervous system.

Pikamilon effectively cope with the treatment of such disorders as a speech and psychomotor dysfunction. On the background the main effect, promotes the stabilization of the bladder, through the elimination of related neurogenic disorders.

Natural nootropic drugs

Among the total number of nootropics is to pay attention to their natural counterparts.

The most famous of them:

• Caffeine - stimulates the intellect, gives a sense of vivacity.
• plant Rhodiola - a native of the East, has a positive effect on the mental capacity of man and stimulates the production of serotonin - the hormone "happiness".
• L-theanineIs contained in green tea, it has a relaxing effect, contributing to the emergence of resistance to stress and concentration.

Similar nootropics effective in lung disorders of conduct for the treatment of neurological and headache disorders, natural medicines based on these substances does not bring the desired effect.

Synthetic drugs of unproven effectiveness

Nootropics (list of drugs with proven efficacy is usually given by doctors in consultation) are different species, they differ in the degree of influence and impact on the body.

It is believed that some of nootropic drugs are ineffective and do not affect the freedom of thought process and concentration.

One of these "unproven" is Aktovegin drugs whose effectiveness is widely advertised, but in most cases is not confirmed in reality.

This may be due to the fact that in Russia there is no law that requires manufacturers to prove the clinical efficacy of its products. Therefore, many drugs, not only nootropics may differ in their effectiveness, and the effect of each drug are not always proved scientifically.

A feature of nootropics is their cumulative effect which occurs only in 1-2 weeks after ingestion. It is also necessary to consider the characteristics of each person and his way of life, on which depend the natural processes of mental activity.

Features of the application nootropics

When using nootropics should keep in mind the following factors:

• For best results, you must use the drug courses whose duration depends on the reason for the reception and the doctor's recommendations.
• Efficiency nootropov at stroke prevention and treatment of its consequences has not been proven, and works in less than half the time.
• Before taking necessary to study the instructions for use for the identification of specific contraindications and conditions for each formulation.
• In view of the effects of varying degrees, the drug should be chosen carefully. When hyperactivity is not necessary to eat uncontrollably nootropics, stimulate the activity of the brain, especially in children.
• It is impossible to use drugs for a long time without a break, since the brain cells get used to it and abrupt withdrawal may lead to negative consequences.

Nootropics in most cases should be used 1-2 times a day under the supervision of a physician.

What adverse reactions provoked preparations of

Uncontrolled and improper use of nootropics might give rise to:

• mobility impairments;
• syndrome of addiction to the active substances;
• Sleep disorders and hyper arousal.

Nootropics have low toxicity, so the risk of these reactions is unlikely.

Contraindications to receive nootropics

Contraindications to receiving neuroprotective agents depend on their groups and conditions application, however, there are general contraindications for all classes of drugs:

• presence of hypersensitivity to the components or active substance;
• running step neurological disease with severe psychomotor impairment;
• bulimia;
• renal or hepatic impairment;
• hemorrhagic stroke;
• Huntington's syndrome (a genetic zabolevanin nervous system characterized by progressive mental disorders).

Nootropics with extreme caution must be applied to pregnant and breast-feeding, as the results study drug lists with proven effectiveness in women during pregnancy and lactation no.

Results for receiving groups of drugs

Upon receiving these drugs in the majority of cases marked improvement:

• the nervous system, manifested in the preservation of peace and the natural reaction;
• performance under normal and stress conditions;
• of physical activity in children.
• mental clarity and ability to fall asleep in children and adults.

The results depend on the duration of the reception conditions and disorders, in some cases, neurological diseases and brain diseases require combination therapy.

Nootropics often recommend taking students and pupils to improve memory function and improve concentration, necessary for learning.

When selecting a suitable nootropa is always guided by the opinion of the doctor, who has a list of drugs with proven efficacy.

Registration of the article: Vladimir the Great

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