Tachycardia. Symptoms and treatment of paroxysmal, ventricular, supraventricular, sinus. Diagnosing what to do, that it is impossible, pill for getting home

More 2 Bln. cardiac cycles fulfill the human heart, with an average life expectancy of 66 years. Diligent his work without any rest does not go in vain.

To extend the life of their own in a timely manner is necessary to fix the symptoms of heart diseases and, without delay, refer to cardiologists for comprehensive diagnosis and appropriate treatment. A real scourge for vital heart muscle is tachycardia.

Physiological and pathological causes of tachycardia

Tachycardia - a violation of the heart rate, acceleration pulse rate above 100 beats / min.. It is necessary to distinguish between physiological manifestations of heart palpitations associated with the normal functioning of muscles, and pathology, causes excessive rate cuts alone.

Physiological causes heart rate increase rate (norm):

Name factor	Mechanism
physical kardionagruzki	Running, swimming, jumping enhance oxygen consumption by the body, teaching the breathing and pulse.
Fever	Elevated body temperature for diseases are not necessarily related to the work of the heart, it requires heat dissipation and enhancing blood circulation.
rarefied air	For example, the ski resorts at high altitude where there is a deficiency of oxygen, the heart speeds up the delivery of small batches.
Heat	Summer high temperatures, taking a hot bath, sauna significantly accelerate the heartbeat, in connection with the expansion of blood vessels.
Excitement	Fear, joy, anger. Acceleration of the rhythm of the same cause both positive and negative emotions in strong connection with the release of hormones.
The use of substances that stimulate the heart	Tobacco, coffee, strong tea, alcohol, energy drinks are the properties of accelerated heartbeat.
Use of medical drugs	The corresponding side effect causes heartbeat.

Pathological factors:

• abnormal sinus node activity body authorizing the initial electrical pulse for normal heartbeat cycle;
• paraksizmah, seizures, heart palpitations, an activator which is not associated with sinus node.

The growth rate is not caused by the body to function properly, it is extremely dangerous.

Abnormal heart rate exceeded does not give fully filled with blood plasma of the heart ventricles. It happens blood flow to the vital organs. Including not supplied with blood properly and the heart muscle itself. drop in blood pressure, the risk of coronary disease, and, in the end, the wear of the heart and myocardial infarction - a sure path to death of the organism.

classification of diseases

Tachycardia caused by pathological reasons, in itself is a secondary manifestation of other diseases actually a symptom.

In terms of the primary causes of disturbances in the body, triggering frequent palpitations traditionally distinguished:

• Sinus tachycardia.
• Ventricular tachycardia.
• Atrial tachycardia.
• Atrioventricular tachycardia.

Sinus tachycardia

Tachycardia, symptoms and treatments which involve a large complex surveys and a long list of drugs, most often occurs due to violations of the primary node of the heart.

Unusual behavior sinus (sino-atrial) node of the pulse generator, giving overall reduction the entire heart muscle, causing tachycardia with the correct characteristic sinus rhythm, but the frequency of up to 160 u. / min.

Sinus tachycardia can occur in different age groups, both in good health in humans, and in chronic "cores". Overall, this subspecies of tachycardia may be related to either the beginning of the problems in the functioning of the left ventricle cardiovascular problems and signal anything about the prospects of heart failure.

If the cause of sinus node activity is not connected with the work of the heart muscle itself, factors may be various diseases of other areas of the body that are impressive list:

• Excessive thyroid hormone (hyperthyroidism).
• Defects valves and the walls of the heart muscle (congenital or resulting loads feature).
• Attack of appendicitis.
• Infectious meningitis, abscesses.
• Internal bleeding, anemia, causing oxygen starvation of the body.
• Cancer (glioblastoma, adrenal tumors, for example).
• Hormonal disorders, initiated in turn, state specificity (menopause, pregnancy).
• Osteochondrosis of the cervical or thoracic.
• Inflammation of the gallbladder.
• Poisoning, including an overdose of drugs.

The causes of sinus tachycardia are diverse, and often rapid heart beat - it is only the tip of the iceberg, which will detect and heal healthcare workers.

symptoms

Symptoms of sinus tachycardia type are considered to be relatively moderate.

The disease causes a marked malaise, apathy, and may be accompanied by the following set of features:

• shortness of breath;
• oppressive feeling in the chest;
• pain in the heart;
• heaviness;
• decreased activity;
• weakness;
• dizziness and loss of balance;
• loss of sleep;
• poor appetite.

A common feature of seizures palpitations with sinus tachycardia is their slow rise and gradual disappearance.

When tightened course of the disease are observed:

• fainting;
• convulsions;
• hypotension;
• permanent deterioration of blood supply to remote areas of the body;
• icy limbs, even in hot weather.

Diagnostics

Since malfunctions sine - is the final link in the chain, it is impossible to treat it separately. Intramural medical examination is important, as well as a detailed survey. The patient explains how long it bother symptoms, it tells about past and chronic diseases.

Compulsory and most informative are the survey:

• Electrocardiography (ECG) - the main demonstration of the heart works to identify issues with node sinus. It is carried out in a state of rest, a change in the vertical and horizontal positions, before and after exercise. These allow a comprehensive evaluation of the functioning of the heart muscle.
• Daily ECG Holter, Up to 3 days, it allows you to analyze fixed within 72 hours of the heart.
• General and biochemical blood tests - allow by checking the level of white blood cells to find out the presence of inflammation, cholesterol check, eliminate diabetes.
• Analysis of urine - necessary to check for inflammation of the genitourinary system.
• echocardiography - it allows time to detect changes in the structure of the heart muscle.
• Ultrasound Heart Study - check for defects and damage to the heart.
• Blood tests - to determine the levels of thyroid hormones.

An experienced cardiologist is able to draw conclusions on the basis of color and relief of the skin, making the pulse measurements, listening heartbeat. Self-medication may lead to a further development, the underlying causes of the disease, which is the major initiator of sinus tachycardia.

Treatment of folk remedies

In appointing the treatment of sinus tachycardia doctor actually developed a strategy to overcome the disease, who has spearheaded the cause of the failure of the work of the sinus node. The cardiologist may prescribe drugs to suppress the activity of the thyroid gland, or potassium, magnesium to overcome anemia.

Each case is individual manifestations of tachycardia, but adherence to simple rules clearly improve the patient's condition:

• Cessation of alcohol and tobacco.
• Refusal of coffee and strong tea.
• A long night's sleep, early sleep.
• Without fried foods, oily and spicy.
• Strict diet, are often better and fractional.

It is also vitally important to avoid during prolonged tachycardia:

• Experiences.
• Quarrels.
• Stress.

If necessary, artificial calm good result given fees herbs contain:

• mint leaves;
• seeds and roots of valerian stone;
• hawthorn berries;
• rue leaves;
• peony roots.

contraindications should be studied carefully, and side effects of all the tools. So, the famous sedative properties in addition Leonurus calming effect actively lowers blood pressure than can be significantly damaged by sinus tachycardia.

ventricular tachycardia

Tachycardia, symptoms and treatment is important to remember - this is a dangerous subspecies of paroxysmal tachycardia, and ventricular call it. The causes of the disease are always related to kardiofaktorami. Statistics show that ¾ of cases are associated with coronary heart disease, and 2/3 of patients with this diagnosis - it is the stronger sex.

The phenomenon is called paroxysmal, as it manifests itself in a sudden fit, paroxysm.

Generator frenzied rhythm of heart at this time is not the sinus node, which is characteristic of this function in a healthy condition. Speed ​​sets the heartbeat ventricle, and therefore pointless to expect a normalization of the sinus node. paroxysm period can last for days and requires emergency care, specialist cardiologist.

The reasons for the attack of ventricular tachycardia in serious violations of myocardial tissue:

• scar formation (in myocardial investigation);
• atrophy;
• cardiomyopathy;
• aneurysm;
• sclerotic lesions.

Ventricular tachycardia - the most dangerous type of heart disease that can cause:

• atrial fibrillation;
• failure;
• sudden cardiac death.

Needed urgent hospitalization of the patient to assist the specialist and conducting the necessary course of treatment in a hospital.

symptoms

Sudden attack occurs, and its duration may be different and it depends on the manifestation of symptoms. The longer the attack, the more threatening its symptoms observed in the patient. With a short attack, lasting up to 30 seconds, the symptoms can not to show themselves at all.

But stable form of the patient often feels:

• The initial strong impetus to the heart, after which the attack occurs.
• A marked increase in pulse rate, heart rate to 180 beats. / Min.
• The continuing need for swallowing, sensation of something in the throat.
• Weakness.
• Black dots in the eyes.
• Fainting.
• The sharp drop in blood pressure.
• Noise in the ears.

In asymptomatic form unstable ventricular tachycardia therapy is usually not performed. When the paroxysms become slightly longer used antiarrhythmic agents available.

Diagnostics

The most informative ECG specialist cardiologist examines the form and frequency of the teeth resulting graph. Also conducted tests with stimulation of the vagus nerve. They result when ventricular tachycardia negative form.

heart rate frequency is usually more than 120, but does not exceed 180 u. / min. When the diagnosis is vital to distinguish between ventricular tachycardia from supraventricular tachycardia. Drugs given to the second form of the disease at the first collapse and cause the patient's death.

treatment with drugs

The victim is administered intravenously antiarrhythmic drugs: lidocaine, amiodarone. If their actions are not enough, apply synchronized electrical cardioversion - defibrillator electroshock treatment.

A decision is made about the necessity of surgery for implant placement cardioverter-defibrillator, capable of leading the cardiovascular system to a stable state and extend life by ten years.

Treatment of folk remedies

When asymptomatic unstable ventricular tachycardia recommended tinctures and teas hawthorn that can normalize the heartbeat.

The chemist's assortment also deserves attention:

1. Herbal mixture with anise and valerian.
2. Tea with lavender, mint and lemon balm.
3. Tincture on the seeds of thorny gorse.

Patients with recurrent paroxysmal tachycardia shows regular consumption of honey.

atrial tachycardia

Tachycardia, symptoms and treatment are similar to other types of paroxysmal abnormalities, characterized in that the pulse source is an atrium. It develops on the background of an acute or chronic lung disease, severe heart failure. It can lead to atrial fibrillation.

The main causes of atrial tachycardia:

• myocardial infarction;
• pneumonia;
• poisoning cardiac glycosides;
• alcoholism.

symptoms

Because atrial tachycardia usually associated with other disease in the acute form, which can not be not to notice, conducted an intensive treatment of the root cause, which leads to the relief of symptoms paroxysm.

The main symptoms that may, depending on the characteristics of the disease to accompany the tachycardia attack of this type:

• palpitations;
• nausea;
• vomiting;
• Pressure drop;
• suffocation;
• "Flies" in the eyes;
• severe weakness;
• loss of appetite.

Diagnostics

Atrial tachycardia is usually started on the background of other heavy flow disease - impaired cardiac function, lung lesions. This is taken into account when making a diagnosis, as well as required to carry out ECG with atrial focal tachycardia P wave divided contour line.

130-240 heartbeat rhythm, in rare cases up to 300 u. / Min. To determine the localization of the focus of the laser pulse is conducted electrophysiological monitoring of the heart, allowing a full analysis of all the chambers of the heart.

treatment with drugs

Tachycardia, symptoms and treatments which require a differentiated approach undergoes therapy, depending on the number of foci, foci of impulses that cause frequent heart attack. If there is one focus administered adenosine, electroconvulsive therapy.

With a large number of foci is impossible to use electrical cardioversion, also inefficient antiarrhythmic drugs.

In this form of the disease designate calcium channel blockers. Most often form multifocal atrial tachycardia caused lung diseases (pneumonia, for example). Given the small impact approach which is suitable for monofocal form, intensive treatment is directed to the disease factor.

Ablation procedure is performed, which involves cutting portions of the heart followed by an artificial compound for forming the normal path of atrial pulse. To carry out these complex manipulations required full cardiac arrest.

Treatment of folk remedies

Herbs can be used when there are no strong attacks of the disease, requiring emergency treatment.

When atrial tachycardia good help properties following plants:

• nettle;
• chamomile;
• peppermint.

Herbal teas with these herbs can be used as infusions, brewed as a tea. Application is necessary on a daily basis 2-3 times a day.

atrioventricular tachycardia

Atrioventricular nodal reciprocating tachycardia - kind of supraventricular tachyarrhythmias, which occurs most frequently. 2/3 female patients, with an average age of about 30 years. Over 80% of cases the disease is not associated with heart disease.

A characteristic feature of this type of tachycardia is the formation of loops by which the impulse passes through an additional range. This is due to blockade temporarily arises when switching from a different conduction velocity of the fibers.

symptoms

Tachycardia, atrioventricular nodal reciprocating gives increased heart rate to 250 beats. / Min. The attack can last just seconds, and could last for several hours. In general, without surgical intervention paroxysms occur 2-3 times a year.

Characteristic signs:

• Heartbeat 140-250 u. / Min.
• Headedness.
• Palpable pulse in the neck vessels.

Attacks begin suddenly, their ending also occurs abruptly.

Diagnostics

To put a correct diagnosis is strictly necessary to obtain an electrocardiogram and electrophysiological monitoring. With regular repetition of the attacks of atrioventricular nodal reciprocating tachycardia shown radiofrequency catheter ablation. This operation involves a dot plot destruction of heart, pulse generating abnormal.

For its implementation requires the highest skills and advanced equipment.

treatment with drugs

To exit the attack is carried Valsalva maneuver and carotid sinus massage, apply:

• Verapamil.
• Adenosine.
• Obzidan.
• Procainamide.

When repetitive and paroxysms of failure of the ablation procedure, patients prescribed antiarrhythmic drugs: calcium channel blockers, digoxin. Flecainide is used, if it is known that disturbances in the structure of the heart muscle does not.

Treatment of folk remedies

Traditional healers at nodal tachycardia is recommended to brew herbal teas daily.

Particularly noteworthy products containing:

• chamomile healing;
• valerian stone;
• peppermint.

For any type of tachycardia also shows intensive use of garlic, lemon, honey and dried apricots. It is necessary to harmonize the treatment methods of alternative medicine with the doctor, knowing full picture of the disease and the mechanism of their assigned drug interactions with other drugs means.

The consequences of tachycardia

Tachycardia, except for physiological, and its symptoms with the progression and the absence of adequate treatment can lead to fatal consequences.

Extremely dangerous results are severe paroxysms:

• cerebral ischemia;
• coma;
• congestive heart failure;
• atrial arrhythmia (ventricular fibrillation).

All these complications lead to death of the organism.

prevention

Because some types of tachycardia occur due to congenital heart defects or features of its structure, as well as a result of other diseases not related to the functioning of the myocardium, guaranteed to avoid the disease will not work.

To swing the balance in a positive way are:

• healthy lifestyle;
• avoiding alcohol and smoking;
• regular exercise;
• the absence of stress.

The main task in acute forms of tachycardia prevent its life-threatening consequences. Timely installation of the implant cardioverter-defibrillator or ablation is able to prolong the patient's life for decades. When nodal tachycardia should not neglect regular use of prescription drugs in order to avoid a dangerous unpredictable attack.

tachycardia treatment requires extensive medical knowledge and not only in the field of cardiology. Symptoms of this disease requires real detective investigation that leads to the true culprit. Strongly do not neglect a visit to a specialist and informative surveys, relying only on self. This unnecessary risk and carelessness.

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