Heart rate in children. Norma by age day under load and after physical education classes, in a dream at night. Table

child's heart that provides the blood supply to all systems of the body, works hard. Its efforts are focused on the growth and development of the baby, so the pulse is at a rate higher than that of an adult. HR norm in children varies, depending on age.

Table of heart rate in children by age

Heart rate in children (by age rate is presented in the table below) depends on various factors, including age. child's heart has to be reduced as much time as needed by the body for its functioning and development at this stage of development.

The following table shows the minimum and maximum values ​​of the pulse have a fairly large gap. This is due to the fact that there is a need for an individual approach to each case, as the heart rate affects child's sex, especially development, height and weight.

HR norm in a dream

Children pulse during sleep is reduced, as in adults. This is the physiological norm, and a concern only in the case of persistent bradycardia. A newborn it may drop to 100 bpm.

However sucking chest heart rate usually rises, even if the baby napping:

• year-old kid in slowing the heartbeat to 90 beats per minute to be the norm;
• from baby 3 years - up to 80;
• in 6-year-old child - up to 70;
• 12 years - up to 50.

However, these values ​​are exemplary.

At night, the body is resting, cells and tissues do not need as much oxygen as you need to during the day. At about 4 o'clock in the morning, you can fix the lowest heart rate. Most often slow pulse accompanied by a decrease in body temperature. During the night, the heart rate may vary due to change phases of sleep and emotional state of the sleeper.

Heart rate in preterm infants

Premature babies in all aspects of health fall into the special medical group. Their heart rate can reach up to 180 beats per minute. However, such values ​​are best to avoid. Infants born born prematurely, need peace and procedures necessary for life. Additional external stimuli only slow down the process of "ripening" of all body systems.

Pulse rate of the fetus

Hear the heartbeat of the fetus is possible from 5-6 weeks of pregnancy. It shows that the fetus is alive and continues to develop. After 10 weeks the pulse count becomes informative for physicians. The heartbeat of the fetus should be rhythmic, regular and normal frequency.

Heart rate in children (by age rate depends not only on the middle-born children, but the mother being in the womb for gestational age), who are still in the belly of his mother, an average of 130-160 beats per minute.

Slowing of the pulse waves may indicate a serious fetal abnormality, with the arrival of the problems of nutrition, heart defects and other abnormalities. Increased also may indicate some developmental defects, anemia, low hemoglobin in the mother, etc.

During exercise

Children who exercise regularly have more practice and a strong heart than their peers. Cardiovascular system works better, pumping more blood to the body and requires fewer strokes.

This effect can be observed after only 3-5 months of constant training. The higher the regular load, the less pulse. Athletes can even be fixed bradycardia, poses no threat to health.

whether the heart rate is dependent on the floor

After 6-7 years of autonomic cardiac function in children of different sexes reconstructs its work. Heartbeat girls on average gets a little higher than that of boys. This feature is preserved in adults. At preschool age, there is no such distinction.

The reasons for the deviation from the norm

Bradycardia (low speed ripple) and tachycardia (high speed ripple) may occur as a symptom of the disease or be the result of reactions to irritants. In the first case it is necessary to consult a doctor and treat the underlying cause. And in the second - the pulse is normalized in the near future or he himself is the norm for a particular person.

If bradycardia child's body pumping enough blood to ensure the normal functioning of the organs.

Pathological causes of this condition:

• Cardiac disorders (ischemic heart disease, myocardial infarction, angina pectoris);
• endocrine disorders (hormonal changes in the thyroid - hypothyroidism);
• nervous system diseases;
• intracranial pressure;
• infectious diseases;
• poisoning by toxins;
• nutritional deficiencies.

For physiological reasons include:

• sports lifestyle;
  
• climate change (decrease pressure and heart rate);
• hypothermia (mild and short);
• time to sleep;
• improper diet;
• advancing graph growth.

Diseases that cause tachycardia:

• endocrine disorders (hyperthyroidism);
• cardiac disease (congenital heart disease, heart murmurs, etc.);
• dystonia;
• dehydration;
  
• fever;
• excess weight.

Temporarily may cause tachycardia following factors, which are natural to man:

• emotional spike (happiness, happiness, anger, fear, etc.);
• exercise stress;
• overeating;
• dehydration;
• increased growth;
• sinus tachycardia in infants is considered the norm.

Methods for measuring the heart rate

There are several ways to measure the heart rate of self-child:

1. Stopwatch. Counting pulsations on the wrist or neck for 1 minute, 30 or 15 seconds. This method is the most affordable and easy. You can use it at any time, without specific equipment and training. However, the accuracy is largely dependent on the sensitivity of the fingers and human care, which counts the strokes.
   
2. Stethoscope. With the help of a stethoscope to hear the pulse can be more reliably estimate the frequency and rhythm of the heartbeat. Use the stopwatch is also necessary.
   
3. A bracelet. Athletes typically measured using a heart rate monitor heart rate. Special bracelets are counted pulse quickly calculates the average value for a certain period of time, informing its owner on completion of their activities by means of vibration. Such devices are common among young people, but the accuracy of their data can be questioned.
   
4. Tonometer - a special medical device that counts the pulse and measures the pressure. These tonometer can be considered definitive.

How to measure the heart rate

Heart rate in children (by age rate is presented in the table above) must be correctly measured. Better to choose the morning after waking up the child (he was already awake, but has not yet played out).

It should take a sitting or lying position. You must measure the pulse for a few days at one and the same time, then the data will be more accurate. Emotional outbursts, eating, fatigue necessarily affect the results.

Before starting measurement, make sure that the pulse is good. You can try to find the pulsing artery in several places on the body and decide which pushes more distinct. Counting is performed for 15 seconds, 30 seconds or 1 minute. In the first case 4 to be multiplied by the value obtained in the second - 2.

Not all children are able to sit still for a full minute, however, possible disruptions in heart rhythm can distort the data, if you count the heart rate is less than 1 minute. It should take into account and take advantage of more reliable diagnostic method.

Where you can test the pulse

Pulse can be felt in the places, where the large arteries. Most often it is measured at the wrist joint. It is better to count the number of pulse waves, first one arm and then the other. If the results do not match, then the test should always be carried out on both sides.

The femoral artery is located in the pubic area on the ground inguinal folds. Check produce the index and middle finger. It is better to carry out measurements on both sides, as in the case of the wrist joint.

The carotid artery is under the cheekbone in the neck. Its often used to confirm the presence of a pulse. In rare cases, the pulse is in the axillary, subclavian, popliteal, the temporal arteries and the arteries back side of the foot.

In infants aged under one year, in order to compare the heart rate to normal, you can count them with his hand on his chest. In some cases, the pulsation can be seen on the large fontanelle probe. In children older than one year - on the wrist, at the temple, on the neck, in the groin. Hear the pulsing artery possible at the elbow with a stethoscope.

When to see a doctor

Irregular heartbeat is often said about the development of the pathological process in the body. This means that any change in heart rate in the direction of acceleration or deceleration from the norm is the reason for consultation at the cardiologist. In some cases, these changes are physiological.

But to be examined and monitored by a doctor is still needed. The specialist will inform the parents about the features of the status of their child, will talk about the prevention of heart disease.

If the child has additional complaints, the trip to the doctor is not only necessary but also urgent. Treatment of tachycardia and bradycardia directly depends on the underlying cause. The main task of the parents - do not miss the beginning of the disease process. Timely detection of the disease to treat easier.

In what diseases and conditions necessary to control heart rate

Pulse measurement becomes obligatory event for athletes. Since whether the organism for the upcoming workout using heart rate monitor can determine ready. At rest, the heart rate higher than normal rates will talk about fatigue. This means that the child needs rest, sleep, or just free training day.

Effectively will train only in the case when the body has time to recover. Otherwise the cardiovascular system will work for wear.

Also, by measuring the heart rate is determined as the load approaches a child, is not excessive. Heart rate should not exceed the value calculated using the following formula: 220 - age of the child. After 5-10 minutes after exercise heart rate to slow down. If it does not, then you need to see a doctor.

Arrhythmia is considered a pretext to control the heartbeat. A child needs to do an electrocardiogram every year, and in the case of heart disease - prescribed by a doctor.

High blood pressure also requires regular heart rate measurement, as the child may not complain of discomfort. His condition will speak lethargy, raskoordinirovannost, drowsiness, dizziness and loss of consciousness. Control pulse will allow to make the right decision on the use of medicines.

Symptoms of heart rate changes

Light and moderate changes in heart rate does not always bother the baby. Its condition may be satisfactory in the case of physiological deceleration or increased heart rate, and in the case of pathology. Often the appearance of bradycardia is detected on an electrocardiogram and very surprised parents.

Symptoms also say that a child needs urgent diagnosis and treatment. Bradycardia expressed as general weakness, fatigue, drowsiness, dizziness, sweating, loss of consciousness. Sometimes accompanied by unstable performance pressure.

Tachycardia may be accompanied by intermittent, "failures" of the heart. The child feels dizzy, sometimes losing consciousness or complains about the blackout.

In some cases, there are pains in the chest.

Small children can not express their discomfort with words. Therefore, parents should always be attentive to the well-being of the child. Lethargy, drowsiness and tranquility grudnichka may be a sign of heart rate disorders. If the child is older observes any symptoms, you should measure his pulse.

Athlete's heart rate should be restored shortly after the end of exercise. If it does not, it is a chance to visit a cardiologist.

What is the risk

The reasons for slow motion or fast heart rate in children definitely need to find out.

Advanced disease can lead to such consequences as:

• dizziness, loss of consciousness, weakness, and as a result, fall and injury;
  
• poor circulation and lack of oxygen of all organs (including the brain);
• development of arrhythmias, which can lead to death;
• the development of heart disease (heart failure, myocardial infarction, etc.);
• heart failure.

How to normalize heart rate

Control doctor is required when any of the disease. Stable and pathological forms of bradycardia and tachycardia treating cardiologist. Normalize heart rate at home is possible only a small deviation from the norm.

In this case it is possible to use traditional methods of treatment. But also to pick them should be carefully, taking into account the possibility of allergy, hypersensitivity to foods and the child's age.

In a fit of bradycardia

If an acute attack of bradycardia with additional symptoms, the child should be placed on a flat surface and lift your feet above your head. To monitor the status better call an ambulance.

It is necessary to open a window, ensure the access of oxygen, remove constricting clothing from the chest, abdomen and neck, wash their child's cold water or make a compress on the forehead. You can give a cup of strong tea. Ambulances to be told about all the circumstances of the attack.

Under the supervision of a pediatrician on a regular basis, you can introduce your child to the diet walnuts, seafood and seaweed. In case of frequent attacks can help strong tea, decoction of yarrow tincture pine branches, a mixture of garlic, honey and lemon juice.

All of these products are not recommended for children under 3 years of age. A beneficial effect on the pulse of an active lifestyle (morning exercises, daily walks).

When an attack of tachycardia

When an attack of tachycardia is necessary to free the neck, chest from tightening clothes, bring the child to the window. Holding your breath will help to reduce the rate of heart beat. If not become easier, it is necessary to call an ambulance. If additional symptoms of a child laid on his back, trying to calm her.

Of traditional medicine has proved popular decoction of hawthorn, lemon balm, mix walnuts, raisins, honey. These methods are designed for long-term use (1 month).

If it becomes a regular tachycardia, the adolescents need to stop smoking, alcohol containing beverages and stop using caffeinated beverages.

Prevention of violations of rules of the heart rate in children at any age is a sport, a healthy and nutritious food, fresh air.

Athletes should avoid overloading and to control heart rate during exercise. Do not neglect the need to undergo medical examinations and do an electrocardiogram every year. In the event of disruptions in heart rhythm is necessary to undergo treatment and comply with all recommendations of the physician.

Registration of the article: Lozinski Oleg

Video of the heart rate of the child

How to measure the pulse to check the heart rate of the child: