Cardiac arrhythmia. Symptoms and Treatment: atrial, ventricular, paroxysmal. Tablets, folk remedies, first aid, if high pressure, low

According to medical statistics, for every 200 people there is 1 case of cardiac arrhythmia. Symptoms of cardiac arrhythmia experienced by each person in his life. Arrhythmia occurs for different reasons and have different shapes, so the treatment will be different for each case.

What is cardiac arrhythmia

Fibrillation of the heart, "a heart nonsense" and heart rhythm disturbances - concepts that represent the same pathology. It is manifested by the malfunction of the electrical impulses that trigger contraction of the heart muscle. It is an independent disease or develops due to other pathology.

The presence of such disruptions in the work of the heart is not life-threatening, but there are serious symptoms that require immediate treatment.

The causes of arrhythmia include:

• diseases of the cardiovascular system (coronary heart disease, hypertension, cardiomyopathy);
• stress conditions;
• diabetes;
• intercostal neuralgia;
• intestinal diseases;
• circulatory disorders;
• regular intake of harmful substances (alcohol, tobacco, drugs);
• excessive consumption of caffeine and drugs (including plant-based);
• tripe, which occurs after a heart attack. He does not give impulses formed and held on the heart muscle.

forms of the disease

Cardiac arrhythmia, symptoms and treatments which may vary, the following forms:

• atrial. Represented erratic muscular contractions of the atria (the heart rate - about 600 beats per min.). It causes insufficient blood supply to the body and is the cause of death of the person. The cause is heart disease or running their incorrect treatment.
• neurological. In this case, the abnormal rhythm provoking neurological disorders. More common in women.
• valve. It develops due to the pathology of valve devices. In some cases, accompanied by mitral valve prolapse. More often requires surgical intervention.
• extrasystolic. Diagnosed in 70% of patients. It characterized by untimely contractions of the entire organ or cells. The result of such a breach could be paroxysms.
• respiratory. Expressed in the growth of muscle contractions of the heart frequency during deep breaths, but it decreases as you exhale. There is often in adolescence and does not manifest itself. It can only be detected at a reception at the doctor.
  
• auricular flutter. It manifested in the form of palpitations atrial contractions (250 - 350 strokes), which do not fall into a rhythm. The disorder is a heavy character, and a patient with arrhythmia in urgent need of medical care.
• hypertensive. It manifests as palpitations or slow heart rhythm at irregular contractions. Cause is hypertension and hypertensive crisis.
• ventricular fibrillation. Heart rate (HR) ranges from 250 to 500 beats per minute. ventricular contraction occurs in a chaotic manner. Because of such uncoordinated activities of the heart can stop. This form of arrhythmia is usually shown on the background of any rastrojstva cardiovascular system.
• vascular. It refers to the symptoms of vegetative-vascular dystonia. Expressed in incorrect rhythm that accelerates or decelerates. To add medication supervision by a therapist.
• supraventricular. It differs occurrence of premature atrial pulses. Further develop untimely contractions that prevent the normal functioning of the heart. Treatment is carried out only in the case of pronounced symptoms.
• systolic. The rhythm is disturbed due to pathological changes in ventricular contractile activity.
• pulmonary. Expressed arrhythmias which developed due to right ventricular hypertrophy. Disorder correlated with elevated blood pressure in the pulmonary artery.
• medication. Report HR provokes excess dose of drugs. It prevents complications at the time of medical care.
• ventricular (Paroxysmal) tachycardia. Expressed in increased rhythmic contraction of the heart ventricles. There is a physiological (when the cause is physical or emotional stress) and pathological form (there is in the relaxed state).
• ischemic. It manifested in the form of violations of the heart associated with insufficient oxygen supply of the myocardium.
• vagal. Determined by the incorrect heart rate, which depends on the activity of the vagus nerve - parasympathetic nerve. It appears after consuming large amounts of fatty foods and alcohol in men. Symptoms occur mainly at night.
• Sinus tachycardia. It occurs when the expedited the sinus node. Sometimes physiological and pathological. Therapy is prescribed in the case where such an arrhythmia negative impact on health.
  
• heterotrophic. This group belongs to the rhythm arrhythmia atrial and nodal rhythm. Impulses to the heart muscle occur in an accelerated or slow motion.
• ventricular beat. It is an incorrect contraction of the ventricles.

Symptomatology pathology depending on its classification

Cardiac arrhythmia (symptoms and treatment are directly dependent on its shape) is shown as follows:

• atrial: Heart palpitations, increased heart rate, frequent urination;
• neurological: Heart attacks associated with the psychological strain that can cause depression or panic attack;
• valve: Palpitations, dizziness, shortness of breath, anxiety and fear;
• extrasystolicIrritability, chest discomfort, hot flashes, fatigue, disruption of the heart;
• respiratory: Heart rate after exercise, increased sweating, skin marble pattern, emotion - in children and adolescents; dizziness, lack of air, a feeling of weakness - for adults;
• auricular flutter: Heart rate - 400 beats per minute, saved sinus rhythm, enhanced pulsing neck veins, deterioration of health by increasing physical exercise;
• hypertension: Palpitations, false angina, heart-stopping, shortness of air flow;
• fibrillation Ventricular severe weakness, dizziness, loss of consciousness;
• vascular: Dizziness, weakness, lack of air and pale skin, increased anxiety, fear;
• supraventricular: Quickened rhythm, chest discomfort, fear and anxiety;
• systolic: Heart works irregularly, there is pain, squeezing feeling discomfort in the region of the heart;
• pulmonary: Irregular heartbeat, shortness of breath, edema, heart pain, tightness in the chest;
  
• drugIncrease or slow heart rate, an extraordinary contraction of the heart, atrial flutter;
• ventricular (Paroxysmal) tachycardia: heart palpitations, dizziness, pain in the heart, low blood pressure, turbid consciousness, sweating, anxiety and fear, pale skin;
• ischemic: Quickened or slowed heart rate, feeling of lack of air, chest pain, a feeling of "pop-up heart" fading body, dizziness, shortness of breath, weakness;
• vagal: Decreased heart rate (40 - 50 beats per minute), feeling a sinking heart, shortness of breath, when a blockade of the heart stops working;
• sinus tachycardia: Quickened heartbeats, rapid heartbeat, discomfort in the heart;
• heterotrophic: Heartbeat, "derailing" the heart, weakness, chest discomfort, weakness, lack of energy;
• ventricular premature beats: Untimely reduction in the form of "bumps" and "inversions", dizziness, heavy breathing, fatigue, lack of air.

Diagnosis of cardiac arrhythmia

Symptomatology cardiac arrhythmia, the treatment which should be carried out only after a verified result is not a sufficient basis for diagnosis.

Arrhythmology directs the patient to the following activities on the study of cardiac activity:

• electrocardiography;
• ECG during physical activity;
• monitoring cardiac operation within 24 hours;
• Echocardiography (ultrasound of the heart);

  

• Atropinovye ECG samples (removal chart after administration of atropine into the body).

First aid for arrhythmia

Cardiac arrhythmia (symptoms and treatment of the disease, many people have learned from their own experience) depending on the form requires a different approach in the emergency room. Most of the types of arrhythmias can be docked only by medication.

The general algorithm to assist the patient with arrhythmia to the arrival of an ambulance:

1. create a good atmosphere, not to create panic and to reassure him;
2. put the patient in a semi-sitting position;
3. open a window or door for better air flow and unbutton clothes gate;
4. measure of the pressure and pulse;
5. give the patient the allowed cardiologist sedative.

At low pressure

When the maximum pulse reduced as follows:

• place the person with an arrhythmia in a horizontal position and lift the leg in a position in which they are located above the head;
• strong throw back the patient's head to improve the intake of oxygen;
• for fainting need to do CPR or chest compressions.

At elevated pressure

In addition to the above manipulation, at elevated pressure should perform the following steps:

• perform pressure on the eyeballs using the thumbs;
• massage (compression) of the carotid artery;
  
• artificially induce vomiting.

Scheme arrhythmia

Cardiac arrhythmia (symptoms and treatment of this disease are closely related) amenable to therapy with the treatment regimen constructed correctly. There is no single system. All forms have a plan therapeutic interventions. First of all, it is important to eliminate the root cause of the disease.

Basic principles of restoration of the broken rhythm:

• for the preparation of a treatment plan are the two bases - a kind of conduction disorders and condition of the patient;
• when failure of drug therapy, connect more lasting procedure: radiofrequency ablation; pacing; implantation of the pacemaker or cardioverter defibrillator; surgical intervention.

drug therapy

The main place in the scheme of treatment of arrhythmia take antiarrhythmic drugs.

Properties of drugs in this group are:

• Funds are not fully cure the arrhythmia. Antiarrhythmics task - to reduce or stop arrhythmic activity as well as to prevent further development of the pathology.
• Can work the other way around, that is to provoke the development of arrhythmias (probability rate normalization is 40 - 90%). As a result, can create life-threatening conditions.
• Combination therapy with antiarrhythmic drugs allows us to be more effective. The risk of side effects is reduced, thanks to whiter low dosage.

The most effective drugs that restore sinus rhythm, are as follows:

• propafenone;
  
• amiodarone;
• procainamide;
• Quinidine.

surgical methods

With the ineffectiveness of conservative treatment, the treatment plan is supplemented by surgery:

• installation of pacemaker (implantation). He is an artificial pacemaker. Activities EX allows you to maintain the rhythm in patients with complicated forms of arrhythmia.
• Implantation of a cardioverter-defibrillator providing preventive care to patients with an increased risk of sudden onset of ventricular tachyarrhythmias. It simultaneously performs the pacing and defibrillation as soon as its manifestation.
• radiofrequency ablation. Is a minimally invasive non-surgical intervention. It is minimally invasive, effective medical treatment and has fewer complications. Ablation helps to cope with the forms of arrhythmia, severe irregular and rapid pulse. The surgery is performed using local anesthesia. Through small punctures catheter insertion, which sear the hearts of land, creating a rhythm that occurs in the myocardial fibers that create pulses.
• Open heart surgery. It is prescribed for cardiac arrhythmia shape looming in the background of left ventricular aneurysm and malformations of the heart valves.

Exercise in Cardiac arrhythmia

Some diagnoses do not allow patients to arrhythmias engage in any sports activity. People are allowed to activity, can greatly improve their condition or even beat their illness.

Determine the admissibility of training at arrhythmias allow the following methods:

• veloergometry;
• treadmill test;
• monitoring cardiac activity (Holter).

Regular load whose intensity should gradually increase, normalized functioning of the heart and stimulate the activity of the patient, both mental and physical nature.

Treatment of physical activity is preferable to start with very simple steps.

The load is calculated individually. Should carry out a complex daily before the first meal.

gymnastic exercises	Nordic walking	Yoga
1. Simulate walking on the spot in an easy pace. Walk no longer than 3 minutes. 2. In a standing position to raise their hands to the sides and rotate the torso. Left - inhale, right - exhale. Make up to 15 turns. 3. Tilted to the side. During the lean to the left with your left hand to slide on the thigh and right hand bend and lift to the axilla of chest. Perform no more than 15 times.	The course has two stages. At first the patient walks a familiar step 2 times a day. First training lasts no more than 15 minutes. In the 2nd stage training lasts for at least one hour. Normal pace walk to tidal acceleration. During a workout, it is important to monitor the pulse.	Pose "lotus" promotes blood flow to the heart. From this position should try to lean forward and get half his head. Then hold on to this position for 5 - 6 seconds.

You can not engage in the following cases:

• arrhythmias, developed on the background of myocardial infarction;
• ischaemia and angina abnormal rhythm occurring during exercise;
• conduction abnormality;
• vices of any nature of the heart;
• heart failure;
• leg vein thrombosis;
  
• Hypertension II or III degree.

Breathing exercises

Rare pulses contribute to the development of a lack of oxygen supply of the brain. It can cause fainting. With the help of breathing exercises for increased action of light, adjusted the pulse rate and heartbeat.

The effect is achieved by decreasing and increasing the frequency of respiration. The indication is the presence of the reasons for the development of arrhythmias. Breathing vibration - an excellent prevention of interruptions in the heart activity.

Patients with arrhythmias are allowed to use such a complex:

• perform a slow maximum inhalation and a slow exhale.
• Sit on a chair. Close the right nostril with your right hand and take a slow breath through your left. Then lower the right arm, close the left nostril with your left hand and quickly exhale through the right.
• The crouch position, pull the left hand side. Right need to hold down the right nostril. Through the left nostril, inhale and bring the left hand to the left nostril. Right hand this time to pull to the side.
• Hand clenched in a fist and place the belt. On the sharp intake of breath you need to let go and drop them down. On the exhale, return the hands to the starting position. Run 12 times with a 5-second interval.
• Hands positioned along the body, nails, put on width of shoulders. On the inhale you must lean forward and pull your hands. On the exhale, return to the starting position.

Traditional methods of treatment

Folk medical recipes - a good helper method, reducing interruptions in the work of the heart.

Thanks to them, we can normalize it and remove the discomfort:

• Broth of the adonis. In just a boiling water (250 ml) was added 4 g of raw material. Cook over low heat for about 3 minutes. Then close tightly and let stand for at least 20 minutes. in a warm place.
  
• Infusion of lovage root It is prepared as follows: 40 g of raw material added to 1 liter of water. Let stand for at least 8 hours. Strained infusion consumed during the day.
• Pour honey sliced ​​lemons (500 g). The mixture was pour apricot seed nuclei 20. Use such a means is necessary at the beginning and at the end of the day for 1 st. l.

Contraindications are:

• are allergic to components of domestic medicines;
• reception of certain drugs;
• severe forms of arrhythmia.

Diet for arrhythmia

Compliance with certain rules of the power necessary for patients - aritmikov. The daily diet should include rich in magnesium, calcium and potassium foods. These elements are important for normal functioning of the cardiovascular system. They stimulate the work of his work and does not give the disease worsen.

Products, has beneficial effects on cardiac function:

• vegetables (potatoes, beets, pumpkin, turnips, cucumbers, cabbage, red pepper);
• fruits (apples, pears, melon, avocado, pomegranate, plum, apricot);
• greenery;
• fruit (grapes, Saskatoon, watermelon, currant, raspberry);
• seasonings (nutmeg, turmeric);
• beans, peas, soybeans;
• wholegrain cereals;
• seafood;
• milk and its derivatives;
• Vegetable oils (flaxseed, soybean, wheat germ, olive).

Forbidden foods for patients with arrhythmia:

• sweet, savory and pastry specialties;
• fatty meats;
• hot spices;
• Fats with a high melting point;
• smoked;
  
• sauces with a high percentage of fat.

Prediction of cardiac arrhythmia

It is impossible to accurately predict the outcome of an arrhythmia.

You can make the assumption, based on their varieties:

• arrhythmias unrelated to organic changes in the heart, do not threaten life and health of the patient;
• atrial fibrillation triggers the development of serious disorders that result in the death of a person;
• fibrillation and ventricular flutter - heavy varieties of rhythm abnormalities. Untimely conducted resuscitation means the death of a person.

Arrhythmia has many varieties. Each has its own set of symptoms and causes. Tactics therapeutic interventions depends on its type. Early detection of the problem greatly increases the chance of recovery because modern medicine has effective tools to address it.

Author of the article: Victoria V. Komarova

Registration of the article: Lozinski Oleg

Video of cardiac arrhythmia

Symptoms, causes and treatment of cardiac arrhythmias: