The norm of ferritin in the blood of women. Which means increased, decreased, which shows the analysis of pregnancy, how to raise, lower

Deviations from normal ferritin in women in the blood indicates a number of dangerous diseases. Special attention to the rate of ferritin should be paid during pregnancy, as is a threat to life or full development of the fetus and the menopause, especially in the ratio of raising and lowering ferritin estrogen.

Determination of ferritin

The primary analysis of value - the distinction of hemolytic anemia and iron deficiency. Hemolytic - high ferritin; in iron - low.

The analysis also determine:

• Iron stores in the body in patients with renal failure and blood loss.
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• Deficiency of iron to hemoglobin reduction.
• The effectiveness of iron-containing preparations for the 3rd day reception level of Fe is increased by 2 times.
• Start reactive inflammation - an indicator 400.

In deciphering blood analysis cover only ferritin protein rich iron atoms. Unsaturated ferritin (an incomplete molecule - protein radical having in their composition no more than 30% of the iron from the maximum possible) is not determined. Consequently, decreased ferritin levels means both the low protein content in the blood serum and its low saturation.

Blood ferritin in women, deviations from the norm, and in time found, to determine the development of most diseases associated with impaired iron metabolism. After violations of ferritin balance - indicators of hemoglobin and transferrin may remain in the normal range of 5-7 days.

Unlike iron from ferritin and transferrin

The iron is transferred through the body transferrin. Exception - active ferritin approximately 12 duodenal ulcer. It transmits transferrin iron obtained from food. Transferrin moves through the circulatory system, penetrates into the soft tissues and gives cells the iron ions are experiencing in it a necessity.

A transferrin molecule capable of transferring two iron atoms. One ferritin molecule may contain up to 4000 iron atoms. If iron is involved in a particular reaction, including by changing the valence - an ion. When the element is transferred transferrin, ferritin stored - this atom of the complex molecule.

The functions of ferritin

Ferritin - a protein whose main function is non-toxic accumulation of iron in the body. The molecule consists of a protein apoferritin, a phosphoric acid residue. Fe (iron atom) is attached in the form of colloidal hydroxide of 3-valent iron.

For proper functionality of the human age of 15-45 years using 3-4 mg of iron. But the body contains about 4 grams About 20% is concentrated in the protein ferritin. The main areas of concentration: the liver, spleen, brain tissue of about 12 duodenal ulcer.

In infectious diseases involving inflammation - 25% ferritin redistributed on macrophages (antibody dying after destruction of harmful virus, bacteria, from the Greek. macro - great; phagosome - devour).

The main functions of ferritin:

• deposition (iron storage);
• Iron transfer from toxic 3-valence in assimilable body 2 Valet-shape;
• translation with 3-valence 2-valence form to macrophages, withdrawal of excess Fe from the body to the brain cells - rare.
• transfer of transferrin derived from iron food;
• protection of tissues from the destructive effects of free iron.

In critical situations, with a strong iron deficiency ferritin takes over the transport function of transferrin. When severe inflammation, a sharp decrease in immunity - protein concentrated in the affected tissues.

The norm for women, depending on age

The norm of ferritin in the blood of women depends not only on age, but also from some of the states of life pregnancy, menstruation, menopause.

Age	The minimum admissible value ug / l	The maximum allowable value ug / l
Up to 1 month.	25	200
1-2 months.	200	600
2-5 months.	50	200
6 months. - 12 years	7	140
12-45 years	10	120
45 years	30	250

The norm in the blood of ferritin in women, unlike men, declining since the beginning of puberty. After the start of the period of menopause meanings as in men. Differences related to the acceleration of iron metabolism in the female body, due to the presence in the blood of female sex hormones estrogen and progesterone.

Risk of deviation from the norm

Minimizing risk of ferritin:

• drop in blood pressure - weakness - fainting.
• Renal failure, brittle blood vessels.
• Hardening, loss of elasticity of bone.
• Uncontrolled muscle contraction.
• Lowered immunity - increasing the likelihood of an infectious disease; lack of response to viruses trapped in the body, the bacterium.
• Dehydration.
• Violation of intestinal peristalsis.
• Hemodilution.

Risk of increased ferritin:

• Creating a favorable environment for the development of cancer cells.
• Reduction of cell life - speeding up the process of division premature wear on the body.
• Propensity to arthritis, rheumatism and other collagenous diseases.
• Infarctions, stroke due to the fragility of blood vessels.
• Blood clots - clots.
• The formation of cholesterol plaques; sclerosis, atherosclerosis.
• soft tissue damage - and above 400 or above 250 over six months.
• High tendency to suppuration.

The probability of occurrence of tumors, irrespective of purity is increased both in excess and deficiency of ferritin. In the first case due to the high transmission rate of oxidation reactions; in the second - lack of fluid in the tissues. Elevated ferritin leading to sepsis, and reduced - to necrosis.

If ferritin increased necrosis - necrosis of the reason for its increase, rather than vice versa. During menopause, it is necessary to monitor the ratio of estrogen and the ferritin level: high estrogen at low ferritin or vice versa - to adjust the level of the hormone. If estrogen is OK - correct ferritin.

Does infertility

Infertility can only cause elevated levels of ferritin - 300 and above. Then increases the acidity in the fallopian tubes. Sperm can not reach the egg. In normal acidity can cause infertility fibroids or other tumor formation. At low ferritin conception may be difficult due to lack of liquid incomplete oocyte maturation.

Causes of Low Ferritin

The main reason - bad absorption of iron the walls of the small intestine.

Other causes:

• Increased estrogen, progesterone - accelerated metabolism (iron metabolism).
• Excess calcium, zinc - slowing suction Fe.
• Large blood loss.
• Abuse of caffeinated beverages.
• Admission of antibiotics and hormone drugs, accelerating the general metabolism, reducing the acidity of the blood.
• Iron-deficiency anemia.
• The diet few products containing Fe.
• Damage to the gastrointestinal mucosa.
• Dysbacteriosis 2-3 degrees.
• Long reception of contraceptives.
• Starvation.

The reasons for the increased ferritin:

• Acute percolation diseases accompanied by inflammation.
• Reducing the level of female sex hormones.
• Calcium deficiency; vitamins A, C.
• Extensive burns.
• Alcohol intoxication of the liver and brain.
• The beginning of any autoimmune disease.
• Blood transfusion.
• The period of engraftment of the transplanted organ or immune rejection.
• The progress of complex viral diseases: HIV, hepatitis.
• Prolonged reception antifungal agents.
• Excess vitamin K.
• Long reception of powerful antioxidants - higher ferritin and low hemoglobin.
• Leukemias.
• Hemolytic anemia.
• Malignancies.

In infectious and immune diseases, including during the course of anemia, serum ferritin is increased only in the initial stages of the disease. During the continuous flow of the content decreases in serum. However, a high concentration can be observed in the tissues. High ferritin indicates the ability of immune system to fight the disease.

symptomatology

Symptoms of low ferritin:

• weakness;
• dizziness;
• tachycardia;
• aching muscles without physical exertion;
• dyspnea;
• excessive sweating;
• pale skin;
• apathy;
• diarrhea;
• hair loss;
• peeling nails;
• chest pain;
• itching.

Symptoms of high ferritin:

• decreased libido;
• pain in the bones and joints;
• weight loss;
• characteristic ferruginous taste in the mouth;
• constipation;
• possible swelling of the face;
• frequent perceptible pulsation of blood vessels.

Irritability, muscle cramps, bleeding from the nose - symptoms such as high and low ferritin levels. Bleeding can occur both because of the fragility of liquid blood and blood vessels under reduced and due to the thin walls of blood vessels and high pressure at elevated ferritin.

At low Fe decreases contractility and muscle volume and at elevated - muscle hypertension and increase in muscle myofibril protein molecules. Brain cells with a small amount of iron metal component makes up calcium.

At low ferritin short irritability alternated with prolonged apathy, and with increased long-term irritation can be alternated with melancholy.

methods of diagnosis

Regardless of the method used, the sample is diagnosed as venous blood.

Methods for determination of:

• Klochkova method - used as a reagent cadmium sulfate - high velocity produce a result, low accuracy;
• histochemical method (Pels reaction) - the formation of so-called glaze Berlin - pattern turns blue at a high ferritin concentration is determined by the output quantity of iron oxide - the most common method;
• latex immunoassay (Reaction with the test sample antibody) by the method can be defined as the concentration of Fe, and the general level of immunity.

Terms of preparation for the delivery of analysis

The main purpose of the training - to minimize the possible distortion analysis:

• For a week not to take iron supplements.
• For 5 days did not receive antibiotics penicillin and cephalosporin, antifungal Medications, hepatoprotectors which include aluminum or silymarin.
• 3 days prior to the analysis to give up alcohol; if the daily dose of alcohol in terms of the ethanol exceeded 300 ml - not checked for ferritin 7-10 days.
• During the day, quit smoking, eliminate from the diet of red meat; gras, except the chicken for 3 days; chicken gras do not eat for a day.
• Do not eat for 12 hours.
• Do not drink the liquid for 1 hour.
• Do not worry about a half hour.

Can I take during menstruation?

At the beginning of the menstrual cycle is increased ferritin. At the end of the month sharply lower. In order to avoid distortion of the results, the analysis to take a week after cessation of menses and no later than 3 days prior to their commencement.

Especially during pregnancy

The norm in the blood of ferritin in women during pregnancy is reduced. For each trimester reference values ​​are different.

Trimester	The minimum admissible value ug / l	The maximum allowable value ug / l
I	55	90
II	25	75
III	10	15

Reduced ferritin values ​​is due to increase the iron concentration in the tissues of the placenta and fetus. Together with a decrease in serum ferritin observed increase and complete saturation of transferrin. The basic catalyst accelerating metabolism Fe - estradiol (estrogen component).

The norm in the blood of ferritin in women during pregnancy only valid when the hemoglobin of at least 70. If hemoglobin is below - ferritin can be concentrated in the tissues.

If low ferritin, hemoglobin and transferrin, and there are no signs of iron deficiency anemia - in the soft tissues of enough iron - treatment directed at increasing the hemoglobin. If ferritin is low, and there are signs of increased content - to treat related symptoms.

Methods of increasing ferritin in the blood

In women 12-45 years of ferritin is often associated with estrogen. Treatment should be prescribed only after decoding the common blood test results (hemoglobin, white blood cells); Biochemical analysis transferrin, globulin.

To increase ferritin should:

• Accept iron preparations: Maltofer, Aktoferin - only if the Fe content is 2 times or more lower than normal; estrogen level is 2.5-4 times higher than the standard values.
• To reduce the consumption of products containing calcium - only when the metal abundance - dairy products normalize calcium.
• Check for the presence of gut dysbiosis - a probiotic lactobacilli and bifidobacteria.
• If estrogen is low, take 1 tbsp. l. a day the seeds of milk thistle.
• Conduct outdoor 2-4 hours a day.
• The food must be present red meat, fish, beets.

How to reduce the ferritin

Before the adoption of measures to reduce the ferritin is necessary to determine which of its forms surplus - free or as part of complex molecules. To derive the free iron is necessary to take a lot of vitamins C, A, and carrot, citrus, sorrel.

To reduce the level of saturated ferritin in the form of phosphates, oxides should:

• Unsubscribe from red meat, tuna, mackerel.

  

• Take vitamin and mineral supplements: Aevit, Kaltsimin, Calcium 3D.
• The diet should prevail legumes.
• Sunflower seeds - 50 g daily
• Replace white bread gray, do not eat yeast products.
• Drinking a daily glass of milk, if lactose intolerance - hard cheese, but not more than 50 grams per day.
• Green tea and coffee daily.
• Minimum 100 g of kernels per day.
• Of alcohol only red wine. But not more than 150 ml per day.
• Avoid vitamin E. Try not to eat foods with preservatives "E ...".
• Do not use the products in the preparation of which was used fermentation, except for sour milk - beer, kvass.

These recommendations are to increase and decrease in ferritin levels are listed for informational purposes. Treatment may appoint a doctor after diagnosis.

For minor deviations from the norm sufficiently consulted a therapist, gynecologist; with serious pathologies - Hematology, Oncology; If you break the balance of estrogen and progesterone, or - hematologist conjunction with a gynecologist. Ferritin in women in the blood - is not a constant, the rate of which depends on the age, menstrual cycle, pregnancy, menopause.

Ferritin Assay allows to differentiate hemolytic anemia and iron deficiency, detect the occurrence of inflammatory liver diseases and pathologies to their symptomatic manifestation. A method for increasing or reducing ferritin may designate a doctor.

Registration of the article: Mila Friedan

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