Learn why the platelets are increased in adults, as it says, it is possible after a series of laboratory tests and doctor's advice. Understand what the platelets in the blood test will help information about cell function, causes and consequences of pathological changes.
What symptoms indicate a high level
Elevated levels of blood platelets is determined by two major causative factors. Essential form due to impaired development and utilization of cellular elements of the existing anomalies stem cells. Symptoms that indicate a high level of platelets, the following:
- dizziness;
- weakness;
- headache;
- visual disturbances;
- bleeding;
- paresthesia;
- ischemia distal extremities;
- splenomegaly.
The primary thrombocytosis - it means the presence of abnormal hematopoiesis, which result is an increase in the number of platelets, a violation of their production, recovery, morphological properties. In persons suffering from a form of essential thrombocytosis, a high risk of thrombosis and bleeding.
Signs of thrombosis depending upon the affected area as follows:
- swelling and pain in the lower extremities;
- shortness of breath, chest pain;
- neurological deficit.
Marked propensity for rapid formation of bruises. Bleeding of any localization minor. For primary thrombocytosis typical appearance rodonalgia accompanied burning pain in distal extremities, erythema, hot flashes.
Pathology at which there is an increase of formed elements, masks thrombocytopathy clinical manifestations. The reason for seeking medical help should provide the following symptoms:
- various bleeding;
- cyanosis of the skin;
- blurred vision;
- appearance hemorrhage;
- pain and paresthesia in the fingertips.
The occurrence of reactive thrombocytosis does not disturb the function of platelets. In the absence of severe arterial disease risk of thrombosis and bleeding in the reactive form thrombocytopathia insignificant.
platelet cells normalized level after the elimination of causative agent.
analysis
Platelets are presented in the bloodstream colorless fine cells containing no nucleus, flat shape. Produced from megakaryocytes in the bone marrow.
Platelets intended for normal blood clotting. Platelets inherent phagocytic activity. The life of the mature forms of 7 days. Inactivation formed elements occur in the spleen, partially in the liver.
The number of platelet cells is determined in a clinical study of biological material taken.
Only after the analysis of blood platelets can explain what it means and why the figures do not correspond to the reference values.
There are basic and additional methods for assessing platelet hemostasis, depending on the symptoms of the disease.
Keep in mind that the contents of platelet cells is increased by smoking, alcohol, abuse of food regime, physical exercise.
The contents of cellular elements is subject to daily fluctuations. This means that clinical analysis should be carried out in the morning, after preliminary training, on an empty stomach.
platelet counts carried out in 3 ways:
- in blood smears;
- a Goryaev chamber;
- electron-automatic method.
Plt reference values in adults is 180-380 * 10 degree 9 / L. The accuracy of the results increases with the observance of the rules of preparation of the biomaterial to the fence.
flow cytometry method in hematology analyzers determine platelet indexes that serve as markers of thrombotic complications.
By increasing the level of platelets hardware analysis method determined by the following values:
- Thrombocrit or PCT.
- MPV - the average volume.
- cell heterogeneity (PDW).
For the reliability of the results it is recommended to repeat the blood test within a few days. In the case of persistent deviations from the normal values exceeded the reference interval should check other indicators and conduct additional research.
Help verify the diagnosis of biochemical blood tests.
Carry out the protein fractions, iron and other trace elements.
Calculated values platelet indices help the physician in the diagnosis of haemostatic disorders and functional characteristics of the blood platelet unit.
age norm
The average values of PMT represented by the number of platelets in the blood volume. A normal platelet count is calculated for each age group and gender.
platelet count in the female body fluctuates under the influence of the following factors:
- Pregnancy. The reference values are 100-420 9 * 10 degree / l. Can rise up to 600 x 10 9 degrees / l.
- Menstrual period. Marked reduction in the number of platelets to 10 * 70-170 at 9 degrees / l.
- Postmenopause. In this period of life normal levels equal to 110-350 x 10 9 degrees / l.
- For men, just above the reference values of women. The normal value is considered 180-400 * 10 degree 9 / L.
Units laboratory counts differ from each other, depending on the reagents used, the equipment used. Evaluate the results are always together with other parameters of clinical research biomaterial.
In the blood platelets in the adult rate of 150-320 thousand. cells per microliter. The range of reference values reflects the degree of saturation of the plasma cellular elements.
Fraction of platelets in the blood characterizes Thrombocrit screen, normal values which make up 0.1-0.4%.
Platelets above rules do not always indicate a pathology. Increasing formed elements in some cases one is physiological acceptable values.
When a large number of platelets increased, it becomes necessary to determine the major platelet indices, blood clotting, and other indicators characterizing the state hemostatic system.
Mean platelet volume It describes the content of the mature forms in line with blood. Normal value was 7,4-12,0 femtolitrov.
Heterogeneity of cellular elements is expressed by an index relative distribution width. The number of mature cells within the normal range is equal to 15-17% in adults 10-15% - children. The deviation of the results is not more than 10% is considered acceptable.
Test P-LCR refers to the proportion increase of blood platelets in the mass of normal cells. For all ages, this figure should be 12-43%.
Why increased platelets
platelet factor increased and 700 9 * 10 degree / l at essential thrombocytosis, which are the main cause of disorders of hematopoiesis in bone marrow processes.
Uncontrolled release into the bloodstream of a large number of immature cell forms suggests malignant course of the pathological process, violates the blood viscosity.
Thrombocythemia - one of the reasons for the increase of platelets in the blood. Often asymptomatic, it diagnosed incidentally during laboratory research biomaterial.
Found in the analysis of the causes of blood improve cellular elements caused by abnormal cell division and talk about the risk of thrombosis, specific to persons over 60 years.
On the development of secondary thrombocytosis affects development trombotsitopoetina.
Blood platelets are increased as a result of the following disease states:
- infections;
- internal bleeding;
- anemia;
- inflammatory processes;
- malignancies;
- vascular changes;
- steroids;
Reasons to increase the number of platelets in the blood cell, a lot of different age groups.
Indicators will be inflated in the event of rapid dehydration, after surgery. Reactive thrombocytosis occur against the background of reducing the liquid portion of the blood. This means that the ratio of cellular elements is not changed.
Among women
Increase in blood platelets during pregnancy is considered physiological, if the increase in platelet counts not exceeding 420 x 10 9 degrees / l. These values indicate what is happening in the restructuring of the female body.
Increase the content of blood platelets up to 500 x 10 9 degrees / L and above could develop iron deficiency anemia in pregnant women. The presence of platelet index values greatly exceeding referensnye box, threatening risk of pregnancy loss.
The development of toxicity, often accompanied by vomiting, leading to dehydration. Increased levels of thrombocytes in the blood of women is the response to changes.
The uncontrolled use of hormonal contraceptives also cause excess platelets and is a risk factor for hemostatic disorders.
men
Elevated platelets in the blood of men are determined by the following factors:
- smoking;
- alcohol;
- stressful situations;
- injuries;
- hard physical activity;
- fungal lesions;
- viral infections;
- bacterial flora.
If the test biomaterial large number of cellular elements is increased - it speaks about the development of severe disease requires careful medical supervision.
What to do
Before you do anything, if the platelets are increased, it is necessary to find out the cause of these changes.
Physiological thrombocytosis not require the use of drugs. It is enough to observe a drinking mode, a balanced diet, moderate exercise.
The range of therapeutic measures in essential and secondary thrombocytosis necessarily involve medications that normalize the system of hemostasis and blood rheology.
Find out the cause of hematological disorders, treatment is carried out with the use of thrombolytics, anticoagulants and cytostatics under the strict supervision of a physician.
Recommendations for the normalization of platelet parameters in the home are:
- The diet should be high-grade.
- You need to give up bad habits.
- Strictly observe the drinking regime.
- Adhere to moderate exercise.
- Medicines prescribed by the doctor to take a dose.
In rare cases, plasma cleaning is carried out on a large number of blood platelets by plateletpheresis.
Is there a danger
increased blood platelet count, Changing their functional properties, confirmed by multiple analyzes, deserves attention.
Violation of hemostatic processes rheological characteristics of blood, the formation of blood clots leads to serious complications, represents a health hazard.
The most dangerous increase in platelet development of the following conditions:
- Cerebrovascular accidents due to contact with a blood clot in a cerebral blood flow or vessel rupture.
- Acute arterial thrombosis requiring emergency medical care. It threatens the development of necrosis and gangrene of the extremities.
- Myocardial infarction is the formation portion of myocardial necrosis resulting from thrombus occlusion of the coronary artery lumen. Complicated rhythm and conduction disturbances.
- Pulmonary embolism, characterized by high levels of mortality in the failure to provide emergency medical care.
No less dangerous thromboses smaller vessels, the cessation of blood flow in which causes necrosis of the organs and violation of a number of pathological changes.
For pregnant women the risk of increasing the number of platelets threatens the emergence of the following states:
- Spontaneous abortion.
- Development of severe fetal hypoxia.
- Premature detachment of the placenta.
- Uterine bleeding.
- Fetal death.
High platelets are a hazard when later accessed physician to create conditions unfavorable prognosis existing pathology.
Prognosis of the disease depends not only on the causative factors, but also the timely action taken to address them. Treatment of thrombotic complications require high material costs, leading to early disability, often fatal.
prevention
Make a minimum risk of thrombocytosis can be subject to the following rules:
- Live a healthy life. To move a lot and stay in the fresh air.
- To eat foods with sufficient minerals and vitamins.
- Keep drinking regime daily.
- Eliminate the long-term physical and mental stress.
- Timely dispose of emerging health problems.
- Take drugs only on prescription.
- Regular checkups.
- To try to avoid contact with dangerous chemicals, radiation exposure.
An important element of the prevention of diseases of the blood is to strengthen the body's immune system, the high the level of which ensures the preservation of health, the full functioning of all organs and systems.
In identifying deviations from normal values of blood parameters need to pass additional tests to verify the diagnosis. Do not leave without attention to the appearance of symptoms of unexplained ailments. This should be an occasion to apply for medical advice.
Set of preventive measures includes a dynamic observation of specialists, medical and genetic testing.
