Antibiotics for the flu in adults. The name, a list of the best without a prescription, cheap but effective

Antibiotics people tend to appeal to the mass distribution of a season of colds. Quite often, this group of drugs used in influenza in adults. However, before taking any drug is to understand the usefulness of such measures.

Which groups of antibiotics are indicated for flu: the mechanism of action

Influenza - a viral disease. Antibiotics - drugs that fight bacteria. Viruses and bacteria are two different classes of microorganisms that have different structure and life cycles. Therefore, methods of dealing with them will be different. Viral infections are treated with antiviral drugs only.

Antibiotics are needed only in case of a weakened immune system or advanced disease, develops when concomitant bacterial infection, in other words, a complication of the flu. In clinical practice, common in adults and children.

In such cases, use several classes of antimicrobial agents:

• penicillins;
• cephalosporins;
• macrolides.

These 3 classes are the most safe for human body and have the fewest adverse reactions.

macrolides

Macrolides - class of the least toxic antibiotics. Representatives erythromycin, clarithromycin, azithromycin. The mechanism of action is associated with a slowing rate of growth of bacteria, which is connected with the violation of protein synthesis in the cell. This type of action is called bacteriostatic. Macrolides also possess immunomodulating and antiinflammatory action.

It is taken orally in the form of tablets, capsules, suspensions. Do not combine with food macrolides, as drug absorption is significantly reduced. Perhaps the development of adverse reactions: rash, dizziness, nausea, gastrointestinal disorders. However, the number of adverse reactions considered to be the safest.

penicillins

The first antibiotic, which were discovered by man - penicillins. They are the most extensive and versatile class of antibacterial agents that are prepared from metabolic products of mold fungi (Penicillium). Such substances can produce chemical change in molecular structure.

Therefore distinguish natural and semisynthetic penicillins. Different levels of activity against microorganisms. In semi-funds range is much wider, higher resistance to gastric juice (can be taken orally, rather than intravenously), longer duration of action.

natural:

• benzylpenicillin;
• benzathine penicillin G;
• dentists.

semisynthetic:

• ampicillin;
• amoxicillin;
• carbenicillin;
• ticarcillin;
• oxacillin;
• piperacillin.

Penicillins act on the bacteria, disrupting the formation of cell membranes, that leads to the death of the microbial cells.

Such an action is called bactericidal. It has a low toxicity, a wide range of doses, but often cause allergic reactions. There penicillin preparations peropalnogo application (orally) in the form of tablets or capsules, as well as for injection into a vein, and muscle. Due to the high morbidity injections solutions are prepared on the basis of local anesthetics - novocaine, lidocaine.

Penicillins are easily destroyed by bacteria, so this group of drugs used in the form of combinations with substances which prevent their decomposition clavulanic acid, sulbactam. They can cause a number of side reactions such as rash, hives, difficulty breathing, headache, dizziness, gastrointestinal disorders.

Contraindicated in pregnancy, as no studies of antibiotics these effects on the fetus. Exceptions are cases when the possible benefits outweigh the likelihood of the risk of pathologies in the fetus. It should not be taken while breastfeeding, as penicillins penetrate into the milk.

cephalosporins

An extensive class of antibiotics that includes 4 generations. Cephalosporins - highly effective and low-toxic, often used in clinical practice. The chemical structure closely related penicillins, which causes a similar mechanism of action: disrupt bacterial cell wall formation.

Used during pregnancy, but there are no studies that have proven the safety for the fetus. Enter the mother's milk, so can cause an allergic reaction in a child (rash), changes in the intestinal microflora and candidiasis. Isolated preparations for internal use and injections.

I-generation:

• Injection - cefazolin;
• oral - cephalexin, cefadroxil.

II-generation:

• Injection - cefuroxime;
• oral - cefuroxime axetil, cefaclor.

III-generation:

• Injection - cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, ceftazidime, ceftazidime;
• oral - cefixime, ceftibuten.

IV-generation:

• Injection - cefepime cefpirome.

Latest-generation cephalosporins effective and resistant to degradation by microorganisms. Upon receiving a given class of antibiotics with food deteriorates absorption. Produce similar side effects with penicillins. Able to enhance allergic.

Indications and contraindications to antibiotics for the flu

Antibiotics for the flu in adults are assigned exclusively for complications caused by pathogenic bacteria, and combined with antiviral drugs.

Signs of complications:

• dyspnea on little exertion and rest;
• difficulty breathing;
• pallor or cyanosis of skin;
• expectoration of sputum when coughing of blood;
• chest pain;
• instability mental state (mood sharp rise, which replaces drowsiness);
• rise in body temperature, which is not reduced 3rd day upon receiving antipyretics;
• dry, suffocating cough;
• fall in blood pressure.

The most common diseases among the complications influenza and viral and bacterial pneumonia, acute bronchitis, acute otitis media. Not related to the respiratory system: myositis, meningitis, current deterioration of heart and vascular diseases.

Contraindications to receive:

• allergic reactions to cephalosporins, penicillins, macrolides;
• Pregnancy and breast-feeding, since studies of the effect of antibiotics on the fetus has not been; Exceptions are cases where the benefits of the drug outweigh the risks (extreme cases);
• kidney disease, especially in the elderly;
• liver disease (risk of bleeding);
• receiving anticoagulants (warfarin, rivaroxaban), diuretics (furosemide), alcohol;

How to take antibiotics for the flu

Antibiotics in adults with influenza administered according to standard regimens, and their role in the treatment increases with the duration of disease and neglect the infectious process. In an outpatient setting therapy begins with the combination of amoxicillin or amoxicillin + clavulanic acid.

To reduce the risk of severe conditions are added to the scheme of macrolide antibiotics (clarithromycin, azithromycin). This combination allows to expand the spectrum of activity when the agent of the disease is not defined.

For hospitalized patients used the scheme:

• amoxicillin / clavulanic acid + macrolides;
• ampicillin / sulbactam + macrolides;
• cephalosporins of generations II-III (cefuroxime, ceftriaxone, cefotaxime) + macrolides.

Antibiotics for the flu in adults is not a means for self-medication. The uncontrolled use of antibacterial agents in such cases can lead to irreparable consequences for health. The drug may not suit the individual characteristics of the organism. This applies to the kidney and liver diseases.

When self-medication can be received incompatible drugs that affect the effectiveness of the therapy and the likelihood of side effects. If you suspect a complication of viral infection you should consult with your doctor to choose the dosage of the individual features and minimize harm.

Antibiotics for the flu in adults must not be the only method of treatment. If any complications of influenza mandatory appointment of antiviral drugs such as zanamivir or oseltamivir treatment.

Do probiotics need?

Antibiotics detrimental effect on the natural intestinal flora. There are such unpleasant symptoms such as diarrhea, flatulence, bloating, dysbiosis. Cope with the consequences of antibiotic to help probiotics.

Probiotics - preparations containing live microorganisms. These microorganisms help the human intestine in digestion and protect against disease-causing bacteria. This group of drugs prescribed for weakened immunity, which is characteristic for viral diseases.

Probiotics help reduce adverse reactions caused by antibiotics, reduces inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract and stabilizes the barrier function. Therefore, when pronounced symptoms of dysbiosis probiotics can be taken, but they must tread lightly, because there is a risk to make an imbalance in the natural microflora.

In no event should not take probiotic drugs without proper evidence.

List of drugs:

• Linex;
• bifidumbacterin;
• atsilakt;
• Hilak;
• laktobakterin.

forms of probiotics

The pharmaceutical industry produces probiotics in dry and liquid form. Liquid forms themselves contain bacteria and nutrient medium for them. Sometimes a part of include vitamins and minerals. Taken orally or in the form of micro-enemas.

Dry form - it is freeze-dried microorganisms, in other words the so-dried to preserve the vital functions. Produced in the form of powders in capsules or tablets.

Probiotics in both forms need to be taken after meals. Absolutely contraindicated combine reception of probiotics and antibiotics. Since antibiotics are detrimental to any microflora. Otherwise, the effect of probiotics is not receiving.

Top OTC antibiotics: name, review, price, guide

Non-prescription antibiotics - are drugs that are available for sale in pharmacies.

sumamed

Sumamed - trade name for a macrolide antibiotic. It contains azithromycin as an active ingredient. Effective against many bacteria strains (broad spectrum). In low doses bacteriostatic (bacterial growth slows) large - kills bacterial cells (bactericidal activity).

One of the safest antibiotics, the lowest risk of side effects. Produced tablets, capsules, suspensions. Suspension forms are available in small doses and used in children.

It has a duration of action, so that the drug is taken up to 1 times per day, which is more convenient for the patients (less risk of forgetting to take the pill). Effect of the antibiotic is maintained for 5-7 days after administration of the last dose, and therefore reduces the risk of re-infection.

Suitable for complications of influenza:

• inflammation of the pharynx;
• angina;
• inflammation of the nasal mucosa;
• otitis media.

Dosage Form mg	price, rub.
250 tablets	420
500 tablets	420
250 capsules	440

Instructions for use

• Pills: 1 pc. (500 mg) or 2 (250 mg), 1 time per day. Take for 1 hour before eating or 2 hours after, drinking water in a large amount (not less than 150 ml).
• capsules: 500 mg (2 pcs.) 1 time per day (24 hour interval).

Duration of treatment for all dosage forms (capsules, tablets) was 3 days. If one dose is missed, it is necessary to accept it immediately as possible. Subsequent reception implement not earlier than after 24 hours. If no improvement is to increase the drug dose on their own, do not use for their own purpose in combination with other antibiotics.

amoxiclav

Amoksiklav - combined formulation comprises penicillin antibiotic variety. Active substances: Amoxicillin + clavulanic acid. Penalized synthesis shell bacterium has a bactericidal action. Due to the presence in the composition of clavulanate is active against bacteria, capable of destroying penicillin. For amoxycillin characterized by frequent allergic reactions.

It is effective in diseases:

• acute and chronic sinusitis (inflammation of the mucosa of the sinuses);
• otitis media (middle ear inflammation);
• angina;
• acute or chronic inflammation of the pharynx;
• acute and chronic bronchitis;
• pneumonia.

Dosage Form mg	price, rub.
tablets 875/125	395-416
tablets 500/125	320-363

Instructions for use

Tablets: 1 tablet (500 mg) 3 times daily or 1 tablet (875 mg), 2 times per day. Swallow with a sufficient amount of water (at least 150 ml). Treatment should not exceed the interval of 7 to 14 days. Longer reception Amoksiklava prescription-only specialist.

Amoksiklav also exists in other forms and dosages: 250 mg tablet, suspension and the powder for injection. Tablets of 250 mg are used for mild infections. The suspension is designed for children, as this form facilitates the drug.

Powder for injection is best suited for use in hospital because there is available qualified personnel. Preparing a solution from a powder to lidocaine or other local anesthetic, then injected intramuscularly. The injections are very painful when administered. Higher risk of developing an allergy to such drug combinations.

Supraks

Supraks is a substance - cefixime. Referring to the antibiotic cephalosporin group III-rd generation. Route of exposure - bactericidal. It inhibits synthesis and formation of cell membranes pathogen. It is resistant to degradation by bacterial enzymes. Effective with pharyngitis, sinusitis, bronchitis, which are the consequences of a viral infection.

Be used with caution in allergic reactions to penicillin.

Dosage Form mg	price, rub.
400 capsules	665
400 tablets	788

Instructions for use

400 mg (1 tablet or capsule) take 1 time in 24 hours. Treatment should last no longer than 7-10 days.

Avelox

Avelox - trade name of the antibacterial agent of the fluoroquinolone group. It contains a part of the substance - moxifloxacin. It refers to a group of synthetic antimicrobials. It is depressing the vital bacterial enzyme that causes cell death (bactericidal action).

This drug is indicated for infections that are resistant to treatment penicillins and cephalosporins. The advantage of moxifloxacin - low probability of developing resistance in bacteria.

Dosage Form mg	price, rub.
400 tablets	642
Solution for intravenous 1.6 / ml	1307

Instructions for use

• Pills: 1 tablet (400 mg), 1 time per day. You can take them with food, before and after its reception. It is impossible to grind required drink water (about 150 mL). At infectious complications of influenza treatment period should not exceed 14 days.
• infusion: 250 ml of the infusion (400 mg) are administered 1 time per day. Drug should be administered intravenously over 60 minutes. Do not exceed the indicated doses.

Flemoklav

Flemoklav - an antibiotic of the penicillin group. It contains as active ingredients amoxycillin and clavulanic acid. It is an analog Amoksiklava differs only in the trade name. The dosage forms and dosage as in Amoksiklava: tablet, capsule, powder for injection. Indications for use are the same as that of amoxicillin.

Dosage Form mg	Price, ros.rub.
tablets 875/125	410
tablets 500/125	371

Instructions for use

Tablets are taken with plenty of water, you can not chew. It is recommended to take 1 hour before meal. Continue treatment for 7 to 14 days. In identifying an allergy to penicillin or cephalosporins need to replace the drug.

• 250 mg Tablets appointed only for mild infections. Other dosages are more suitable for the treatment of influenza complications.
• 500 mg Tablets: 1 pc. 3 times a day at intervals of about 8 hours.
• 875 mg Tablets: 1 pc. 2 times daily (1 time in 12 h).

augmentin

Augmentin - Representative penicillin antibiotics containing a combination of amoxicillin + clavulanic acid. It is an analog Amoksiklava and Flemoklav. The spectrum of action and activity against various kinds of microorganisms are the same as that of the amoxicillin. In drugstores found in the same ways as other analogues of amoxicillin + clavulanate.

Produced slightly different dosage and price.

Dosage Form mg	price, rub.
tablets 875/125	349
tablets 500/125	374
powder 1000	1747

Instructions for use

• 500 mg Tablets: take 1 piece. 3 times per day (1 per 8 hr).
• 875 mg Tablets: take 1 piece. 2 times daily (1 time in 12 h).
• Powder in vials: you need to prepare a solution of the antibiotic using lidocaine or another local anesthetic. Should be administered intravenously at 1000 mg every 8 hours with lung infections, severe complications - every 4 or 6 hours.

Zinnat

Zinnat relates to cephalosporins II-nd generation. Active ingredient - cefuroxime axetil, which is active against many common pathogens (bacterial). It affects strains capable destroy antibiotics. Bactericidal action associated with the suppression of the formation of cell membranes.

This drug is the most completely absorbed after meals. Cefuroxime axetil in itself is not an active substance. Antibacterial effect manifests only its modified form - Cefuroxime. Widely used in the complications of influenza such as upper respiratory tract infection, pneumonia, bronchitis.

Dosage Form mg	price, rub.
250 tablets	392
125 tablets	228

Instructions for use

• 250 mg Tablets: take 1 piece. 2 times a day.
• 125 mg Tablets: take 2 pieces. 2 times a day.

Receiving medicament carried out after or during meals. Tablets drink water and not to chew. Duration of treatment should not exceed 14 days.

List of cheap but effective antibiotics to treat colds and flu

Title	The cost of the pharmacy, rub.	Benefits
Amoxicillin + Clavulanic acid 500 mg	90	Broad spectrum of activity. Resistance to degradative enzymes, due to the presence in the composition of clavulanate. meals have little effect on the efficacy of the drug.
Azithromycin 500 mg	65	Multiplicity of reception time 1 to 24 hours. A wide range. Low probability of adverse reactions. Duration of reception - 3 days.
Cephalexin 500 mg	94	Multiplicity receiving 2 times per day. Bactericidal activity. Wide efficiency.

Selection of antibiotics for viral infections (bacterial complications concerns) - especially individual. It should be taken into account characteristics of the organism (the disease, the body weight, age) and the simultaneous use of other drugs.

Take into account the underlying disease is necessary, because they affect the way and rate of excretion of the antibiotic from the body.

In elderly people can be disrupted kidney or liver, which can in a decrease in drug clearance rate. High concentrations of drugs in the body can lead to an overdose. Therefore, for certain categories of patients require dose adjustment.

Since drug interactions may lead to increased degree of side effects. For example, it is impossible to combine together two drugs have severe adverse reactions in the form of allergies. This can lead to anaphylaxis, and almost instant death.

Antibiotics for the flu are not a universal solution that is much more effective to treat the flu in adults and antiviral agents to prevent the development of complications.

Author: cancel_vx

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