Toksokaroz is a disease whose causative agents are round worms (nematodes toxocara). The pathology is accompanied by characteristic symptoms in adults and children.
It is important to notice the first changes in the health status and go to the hospital. Treatment of toxocariasis engaged therapist, pediatrician, infectious diseases and Parasitology. the risk of serious complications is increased, without timely treatment.
The content of the article:
- 1 The causes of disease
- 2 Risk factors
- 3 Ways of infection by parasites transmitted from person to person
- 4 classification of diseases
- 5 disease symptoms
- 6 Diagnostics
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7 Treatment of the disease in adults and children
- 7.1 medicines
- 7.2 Folk remedies
- 7.3 Surgical intervention
- 7.4 diet therapy
- 8 Prognosis and complications
- 9 Videos about toxocarosis
The causes of disease
Toxocariasis (treatment of adults requires careful diagnosis) occurs for the following reasons:
- after contact with the animal wool;
- failure to comply with simple rules of hygiene;
- as a result of contaminated soil, animal feces that contain the parasite eggs;
- pica (taste perversion, for which reason a person uses chalk, clay, earth);
- professional activities (dog handlers, veterinarians, street cleaners, drivers, landowners, hunters, car mechanics);
- getting into the food insect excrement-eating parasite eggs;
- the use of dirty products are in contact with the ground (vegetables, fruits, herbs).
Toxocariasis can be infected children, walking on the playground. There's easy access to street animals that leave their feces in a sandbox.
Risk factors
There are numerous triggers against which increases the risk of parasite infection. According to medical statistics elevated levels of infection toxocara recorded among socially disadvantaged groups. We are talking about families who live in poor conditions with a lack of decent housing and amenities.
The risk categories are the following people:
| Title | Description |
| Children (3-5 years) | They are no longer in contact with the animals and the earth. Imperfectly observe good personal hygiene, leading to infection. |
| Mentally retarded | Mentally ill people have the habit of eating earth (pica). They have a low level of hygiene practices. In some situations, psychologically normal people have such a habit. |
| Employees in certain occupations | We are talking about the veterinarians, who are in contact with the animals. Nursery workers are also at risk. Drivers and car mechanics in contact with the soil during maintenance of vehicles. The same applies to employees of municipal services and sellers of vegetable stores. |
High risk of infection toxocariasis have people who work in the garden, hunt with the dogs, and the owners of private plots.
Ways of infection by parasites transmitted from person to person
The human body is not an optimal environment for the emergence of adults or eggs toxocara. In most cases, the infection occurs after contact with dogs. In the body of the animal parasites live full of life cycle. Eggs excreted with the faeces.
The most common worms found in puppies, or homeless animals. Medical statistics show that 10 to 70% of the population are infected with toxocariasis.
In some situations toxocara infection occurs through the soil, the use of dirty food, water or non-observance of simple rules of hygiene. Infection are fixed throughout the year, but in summer and autumn, the number of infected people increases significantly.
This is due to an increased number of eggs in the soil, and human contact with it. The temperature and humidity of the land to create the most favorable conditions for development of the parasites.
classification of diseases
Toxocariasis (treatment prescribed by the physician in adult therapist, infectious diseases or parasitologist) distinguish the following forms, taking into account the clinical manifestations of the disease, pockets of larvae location, condition of the human body's immunity:
| Title | Description |
| Visceral | Form of the disease, which is characterized by lesions of the internal organs. Accompanied by the following symptoms:
|
| Ocular (oftalmotoksokaroz) | Parasites affect muscles or internal components of the eye. The disease is accompanied by the following symptoms:
|
| Cutaneous | Parasites affect the internal layers of the skin. Form of toxocariasis, which is characterized by the following clinical signs:
|
| Neurological | Toxocara affect brain tissue. The inflammatory process triggers changes in neurological:
|
| Imagialny | A rare form of toxocariasis at which mature individuals of parasites (helminths) affect the intestines. There dizziness, abdominal pain, nausea and decreased appetite. |
Diagnosis and treatment of infectious diseases doctor took, parasitology, together with the therapist. You need to undergo a full examination to begin timely treatment of toxocariasis and prevent possible complications.
disease symptoms
The symptoms depend on the localization of parasites, it is important to state the person and the degree of infection of the organism.
In adults, the following clinical symptoms appear at toxocarosis:
- allergic reaction;
- heat;
- paralysis;
- pancreatitis;
- cholecystitis;
- cough;
- skin rashes.
The disease is severe and prolonged, it is characterized by recurrent phenomena as the parasites larvae migrate periodically. When tissue damage lung develop various diseases (bronchitis, rhinitis, pharyngolaryngitis, inflammation).
Given the degree of damage, distinguish certain stages of toxocariasis in adults:
| Title | Description |
| Acute | Accompanied by the following symptoms:
|
| Chronic | acute phase gives way to remission. Sometimes there are the following features:
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| Latent | Stage of the disease occurs no symptoms. Determine parasites help special diagnostic methods. |
Toxocariasis (treatment of adults selected specialist based on the results, taking into account also the patient's condition) is accompanied by numerous signs that are similar to symptoms of other diseases. Complete examination is necessary to determine the infestation.
Diagnostics
Establish an accurate diagnosis, given nothing but the outward signs, it is difficult doctors. Need to undergo a full medical examination to determine infection with parasites.
The following methods are used for the diagnosis of toxocariasis:
| Title | Description |
| laboratory tests |
|
| hardware diagnostics |
|
The analysis results will be accurate if properly prepare for the examination:
- One day before the diagnosis abandon fatty foods, confections and a heavy meal.
- It is not recommended to drink alcohol for 1-2 days prior to analysis.
- Do not take medications on the day before donating blood.
- For 8 hours. before the diagnosis can not eat, you can only drink water.
If in the near past, people held x-ray, it is recommended to wait 1-2 weeks.
Treatment of the disease in adults and children
Toxocariasis is accompanied by numerous signs in adults and children who are similar to symptoms of other diseases. It is important to differentiate between parasites and choose the most effective treatment is conducted under the supervision of a specialist. In the absence of contraindications possible to use unconventional methods.
medicines
drug therapy is carried out at home. Hospitalization is required in the case of serious damage to internal organs. Medication prescribed by the physician infectious disease specialist, internist or parasitologist.
It is recommended to strictly comply with the treatment regimen, because many drugs provoke an adverse reaction:
| drug Group | Title | application |
| antiparasitic drugs | "Vermoxum", "Mintezol" | The adult dosage is 200-300 mg, divided into 2 doses. The course of therapy lasts at least 2 weeks. |
| glucocorticoids | "Dexamethasone", "Prednisolone" | Drugs reduce inflammation, eliminate an allergic response resulting from the death of the parasite. The drug is administered intravenously or intramuscularly for 0,5-9 mg per day, given the condition of the patient. |
| adsorbents | "Smecta", "Enterosgel" | Remove toxins from the body and dead worms in the feces. The adult dosage is one sachet per 100 ml of water 3 r. a day for 3-7 d. |
| probiotics | "Baktrum" | Help restore the intestinal microflora, who died as a result of negative activities toxocara. Adults are recommended to take 1 tab. 3 r. per day. |
In severe cases, patients are prescribed the electrolytes in the form of solutions, to restore metabolic processes in the body of the patient (saline solution, potassium chloride). For temperature stabilization and elimination of muscle weakness prescribed antipyretics ( "Paracetamol", "Ibuprofen").
Relieve the itching and burning sensation on the skin helps antihistamine medication ( "Cetirizine", "Ketotifen"). Normalize the functioning of the gastrointestinal tract and eliminate nausea allow antiemetic drugs ( "metoclopramide", "Domperidone").
Folk remedies
At toxocarosis you can use different recipes medicine men and healers. It is important to discuss treatment with your doctor, so as not to worsen the state of health and to prevent an allergic reaction to the components used.
| Title | Recipe | application |
| Garlic | Crush 1 clove of garlic. Boil in its milk (1 L). The mixture is cool, drain well and be used for enemas. | The procedure is recommended to do before going to sleep every day for a week. |
| Tansy | Flowers and leaves of plants (3 tablespoons) Pour hot water (250 ml). Insist 1 h., Filter, and apply the scheme. | The drug take 1 tablespoon 3-4 p. per day. |
| A decoction of ash | Bark and tree branches to wash, dry, chop. The resulting raw material (1 tsp) pour boiling water (1 tbsp.). Put on fire, heat for 10 minutes, wrap and infuse 1 hour. | Take medication on an empty stomach in the morning and in the evening at 150-200 g |
| Tarragon and honey | Grass grind. Mix 1 tablespoon honey (100 g). Ready means to store in a cool place. | The medicine is recommended to take before each meal and 1 tablespoon |
Fighting toxocariasis carried out in complex, can not be one of folk remedies to get rid of parasites. Self-treatment can aggravate health. It is important to conduct therapy under the supervision of an infectious disease or parasitologist.
Surgical intervention
Toksokaroz (adult treatment is carried out with complex medicines and folk remedies), in some situations be eliminated by surgery. Surgery is indicated when a patient ophthalmic disease if drug therapy does not give positive results.
Toxocariasis promptly treated by the following methods:
| Title | Description |
| Laser coagulation | It allows toxocara kill the larvae, which are located in the area of the eye. |
| vitrectomy | During surgery, the surgeon removes the vitreous from the infected eye. It replaces it with liquid or gas. |
After the surgery is always a risk of complications, including decreased vision. It is important to follow the recommendations of doctors, to recover without consequences.
diet therapy
During therapy toksokaroza doctor recommends eating right. Exclude from the diet products that increase the likelihood of an allergic reaction and create an optimal environment for the development of toxocara.
| Featured products | prohibited products |
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|
The diet must be a variety of products that contain a large amount of vitamins and trace elements. Add nuts and seeds. We should not forget about drinking regime. The fluid helps to remove toxins from the body, which accumulate as a result of vital activity of parasites. Each day is recommended drink clean 1.5 liter of carbonated water.
Prognosis and complications
At untimely treatment of parasites continue to multiply, to allocate products of their life, to lay their eggs. Symptoms of their presence are progressing and aggravated.
Without treatment, it increases the risk of serious complications:
| Title | Description |
| The syndrome of visceral larva migrans | Decreases body weight in humans there is a delay of physical development. There is liver failure, pulmonary fibrosis, eosinophilic myocarditis with impaired functioning of the cardiovascular system. |
| ocular toxocariasis | Exfoliate traction retina atrophy eyeball appears strabismus. The disease is accompanied by a cataract, the constant violation of the visual field. blindness appears in some situations. |
| Neyrotoksokaroz | Changing personality and behavior of the patient, there are bouts of epilepsy. |
| unilateral blindness | It comes as a result of optic nerve damage by larvae of parasites. |
In most cases, the prognosis is favorable if treatment is started on time and selected specialists. When belated appeal to a specialist or treatment without pathological changes dramatically affect the internal organs, leading even to death.
Toxocariasis in adults is common because many people neglect preventive measures, do not follow the simple rules of hygiene. Treatment shall appoint a qualified person, based on the diagnostic results, taking into account the patient's condition and the extent of the spread of parasites.
Registration of the article: Vladimir the Great
Videos about toxocarosis
Toksokaroz: clinical features, treatment, prevention:
