Folic acid is responsible for the normal functioning of the brain, bookmark nervous system in newborns. This vitamin helps prevent early miscarriage, the formation of the placenta during gestation, prevents the onset of preterm labor. Trace mineral is also necessary for the male body during pregnancy planning.
The properties of the trace element
Folic acid (FA) - is a trace element which forms a derivative in humans. These elements are called folate. FC is able to completely penetrate through the mucous intestine. Cleavage substance occurs in liver tissue. FC metabolites are transported to plasma proteins.
Folic acid and its metabolites (folates) accumulated at the periphery and in the hepatic tissue, thus maintaining a normal concentration of a substance in the tissues and bloodstream. Derived folates in the urine.
Folic acid helps in the division of cell structures. It helps to create a new DNA molecule. Metabolites of vitamin allow the formation of new blood cells. During gestation the fetus FC helps to form placental tissue, as well as to form new blood vessels of the mother body. During pregnancy foliefoy acid required in 2 times more. Deficiency of it can lead to abnormal development of placental blood flow.
Folic acid is able to inhibit the development of tumor by reducing the concentration of free radicals, growth inhibition of nucleic acids. Average number of cytokines, macrophages, T cells also help to quickly recognize foreign tissue.
The reasons for the lack of folate:
- disruption of the enzyme cleaves FC;
- a lack of vitamin B12 (cyanocobalamin);
- failure of the genome involved in the work of enzymes;
- diseases of the digestive tract, preventing absorption of the normal FC
- lowest concentration of FC in the food;
- pregnancy (increased need for folate).
The symptoms of folate deficiency
How to identify a lack of folic acid? Folate deficiency may be determined by several specific symptoms. The main ones include: anemia, depression, sleep disorders, and others. The symptoms of folate deficiency in the body are of great importance in the diagnosis of disease. Micronutrient deficiencies affect the growth of cell structures. The cells begin to divide more slowly, especially in the bone marrow.
folic acid shortage facing development of anemia patients. Patients with symptoms of megaloblastic anemia are observed (vitamin B12 deficiency). This disease is not common. With concomitant lack of vitamins B12, B6, C can cause iron, deficiency anemia B12. These diseases are also accompanied by iron deficiency in the body.
Types of anemia at the reduced amount of folic acid, the hematopoietic function pathology
Iron deficiency anemia is manifested decrease of hemoglobin, red blood cells. Disease severity is 3 at hemoglobin 90 and the patient requires less binding oral iron preparations, vitamin B complex and FC. Patients complain of severe fatigue, pale skin, poor appetite, taste distortion.
Megaloblastic anemia is manifested by an increase red blood cell size (macrocytosis, megalotsitoz), decreased hemoglobin. This type of anemia differ by the presence of jaundice syndrome (rare), intolerance to eating meat, hallucinations, convulsive disorders, numbness in hands and feet. Megaloblastic anemia requires the appointment of vitamin B12. In treatment failure can be performed transfusion preparations.
Common symptoms
A person with anemia the first symptoms of the disease is the weakness, malaise, fatigue, depression. Patients chafed. A bad mood is due to the fact that folic acid deficiency violates the synthesis of neurotransmitters. It reduces the formation of serotonin, which prevents bad mood.
Patients can detect cognitive decline. Patients complain of memory loss, attention. Patients deteriorating logical thinking, ability to mathematical calculations. In children with a deficiency of FC decreased learning ability.
Often marked hyperhomocysteinemia. The cause of this condition is a malfunction of enzymes cleaving folic acid. In patients with reduced formation of 3 antithrombin, heparin, platelet deposition increases. These processes are taking place against the backdrop of increasing the level of homocysteine.
Vitamin A deficiency during gestation
Folic acid is a very important element. It is necessary for normal functioning of the reproductive function. Vitamin is essential to the child's stage of planning. During gestation the need for FC increases twice as begin to form additional organs to maintain the fetus development. To prevent unpleasant consequences, doctors recommend drinking FC before conception, not only women but also men. Half of the genome consists of a male genetic material.
Trace element enables the construction of new DNA molecules at cell division of vascular structures, placenta, fetal eggs. During the growth and development of the fetus FC needed for laying the nervous system of the fetus. folic acid deficiency leads to malformation of the nervous system.
Folic acid has property to be cumulated in the liver and peripheral tissues. Before conception gynecologists advise FC start drinking at least 6 months prior to conception. This will ease the process of conception itself, the attachment of the egg, its subsequent division to form the ovum.
Folic acid deficiency in women during gestation baby can provoke rejection of the ovum during its division, as Vitamins are involved in dividing fetal cells. Trace element deficiency may contribute to defects, early miscarriage.
In the fruit on the background of lack FC most often develops anencephaly, the brain hernia, spina bifida. It may appear limb hypoplasia, urogenital system, heart defects, facial pathology ( "palate", "hare lip"). The risk of limb defects is increased by 80%, neural tube - 92%.
Perhaps the lack of development of uterine vessels and placental tissue, placental abruption in women with a low content of trace elements. This leads to placental insufficiency, hypoxia baby in utero. There is evidence that women with obesity and lack FC in the fetus will develop diabetes than normal concentration of FC. When overweight without the normal concentration of FC likelihood of gestational diabetes is much higher.
With a lack FC in pregnant patients often have miscarriages in early pregnancy, the threat of termination of pregnancy, and childbirth at an early period. This is associated with hyperhomocysteinemia. There is evidence that patients with deficiency FC increases the risk of cancer pathology. Perhaps the development of retinoblastoma. It is a malignant neoplasm that is difficult to treat.
conclusion
Folic acid is an important vitamin. To prevent micronutrient deficiencies, should be included in the diet of foods with a high content of FC. FC contained in the cereals, dairy products, liver, cheese, yeast, citrus, greens. In addition to these products, you need to take folic acid preparations. Doctors recommend the use of vitamin complexes. It is proved that, together with other trace elements and vitamins folic acid digested much faster.
sources:
Vidal: https://www.vidal.ru/drugs/folic_acid__33566
GRLS: https://grls.rosminzdrav.ru/Grls_View_v2.aspx? routingGuid = 41e55b8d-98b2-40bf-8a79-92c1ecc3a912 & t =
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