Peritonitis. Symptoms in adults, causes and treatment for women, men, what kind of disease

Peritonitis is an inflammation of the organs in the abdominal area, accompanied by severe attacks of pain. Symptoms in adults themselves do not pass. If you do not start treatment immediately, then a threat to a person's death.

types of diseases

Peritonitis (symptoms in adults starts with a gain of pain in the abdominal area) is of several types:

View	clarification
primary	Appears in contact with pests shock lymph enterocolitis, salpingitis.
secondary	It is formed by injuries or inflammation in organs and detected during appendicitis, Crohn's disease.
bacterial	Formed due to suppuration caused by microorganisms.
aseptic	It is formed due to spilled in the peritoneum of harmful components which provoke the formation of the disease.

For special types of peritonitis include:

• kantseromatoznye;
• rheumatoid;
• parasitic.

Depending on the type of fluid that accumulates in the abdomen, peritonitis is serous, purulent and hemorrhagic.

Also, the disease can be limited and unlimited:

• local (inner zone 1 is affected);
• common (infestation 1-5 zones);
• total (more than 5 affected zones).

types of diseases

The first stage of the disease called reactive. It goes on for 24 hours. Abdominal pain does not subside, become stronger during the movement and make the patient to take lateral position with painted to the knees of the abdomen.

In this case, a person can pinpoint the source of the pain. At this stage there are constant vomiting, the temperature rises to 38 degrees, high blood pressure, rapid pulse.

During the second stage of pain in the abdomen and their intensity are less pronounced. At this stage, there is intestinal paresis and much flatulence with constipation, and vomiting have an unpleasant odor. Pulse becomes frequent, and low blood pressure.

The third period of disease after 3 days in the terminal stage proceeds. It appears acidosis, increased blood clotting occurs detoxification and multiple organ failure. The patient breathes surfactant. The pressure is reduced to very low levels, frequent palpitations. Vomiting at this stage does not stop, bloated stomach, and it is impossible to determine the motility.

symptoms

Peritonitis (symptoms in adults have a pronounced character) is not impossible to detect. To get rid of the pain and complications should contact a medical facility on the first day.

The most striking features are:

• pain in the abdomen;
• nausea and vomiting;
• feeling of heaviness in the abdomen;
• diarrhea, which is replaced by constipation;
• body temperature rises to 39 degrees;
• feeling of weakness, chills.

Symptoms of the acute stage of the disease also occur:

• through the kidneys - a body activity deteriorates, pressure skips, there is frequent palpitations;
• of the liver - formed tissue hypoxia and appear complications;
• of the heart and blood vessels - it quickens the pulse, and the pressure increases.

Causes of

The cause of the disease can be all sorts of bacteria.

These include:

• gonococcus;
• Pneumococcus;
• Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

In aseptic form of bacterial flora it is not easily angered, and gastric juice and blood. This type of pathology is also called toxic-chemicals, because the effect of the enzymes contained in the juice and blood pancreas like burn.

After 6 hours, the bacterial pathology proceeds step, which may be the cause:

• the defeat of the appendix;
• damage the female reproductive tract;
• bowel disease and bile ducts;
• trauma to the abdomen.

  

In primary peritonitis harmful bacteria enter the abdominal area of ​​the fallopian tubes. This kind of disease is associated with renal tuberculosis or genitals. Secondary peritonitis may occur due to ruptured ovarian cysts, diverticulitis, pancreatitis.

Diagnostics

Peritonitis and its examination takes gastroenterologist. According to the described symptoms, the doctor asks an adult to lie on your back and relax your stomach. The specialist conducts superficial palpation: pressing on the abdomen with your fingers and then let go. At this point, the pain becomes stronger.

Also palpation muscle tension occurs, which is the first indication of peritonitis. After the initial inspection specialist prescribes laboratory tests and inspection tool. The patient should have a blood test, biochemistry, urinalysis. These tests can help detect leukocytosis and other signs of inflammation of the peritoneum.

The survey consists of:

• US. The main method of inspection, which determines excess fluid in the peritoneum and evaluates the status of the spleen and pancreas.
• X-ray. He was appointed to establish the gas accumulation in the peritoneum.
• Laparotomy. This surgical method of diagnosis is rarely used. It identifies and assesses the state of the inside of the abdominal cavity to establish an accurate diagnosis.

Peritonitis diagnosis can be made in the clinical centers and hospitals. The cost of the survey an average of 800 rubles. When it comes to laparotomy, the operation cost 15,000 rubles.

When to see a doctor

With the development of inflammation in the abdominal cavity and is constantly deteriorating state of the patient, be sure to call an ambulance. If a person is at home and the reasons that have caused this situation are not known, it must be urgently deliver to a medical facility, where he was examined by a surgeon, as signs of tight stomach in his competence.

Often, when a person first, peritonitis operate, remove the infection in the abdomen, and then conduct tests and prescribe therapy that matches the type of infection and organ after surgery.

During the operation, surgeons participate specialization - gynecologists, proctology, gastroenterology. It all depends on the causes of peritonitis. If the patient has long had a problem with hemorrhoids, then the probability that it was the cause of the disease is quite large.

prevention

Peritonitis (symptoms in adults and causes of the disease is in the article) and its framework for prevention composed to warn people about the seriousness of this disease, as well as a high probability of death.

Peritonitis is secondary, it is a complication of existing diseases in the abdomen. Prevention of inflammation of the peritoneum - time cured stomach ulcer, gallbladder disease, pancreatitis. Patients who experience symptoms of acute illness or injury received abdominal, must immediately seek emergency medical help.

He needs hospitalization, intelligently measures taken in the survey and preparation for surgery. These measures, too, are the prevention of this disease. Self-treat peritonitis can not be! Upon cancellation of the operation and suspected disease prognosis can be disappointing.

treatments

The methods of treatment of this disease includes drug therapy. Often drugs are prescribed after surgery. Their main purpose is to eliminate the infection that caused the disease.

antibiotics

Antibiotics in the treatment of disease should be applied necessarily, they help to eliminate the main provocateur disease. Experts are generally administered funds on the basis of penicillins, macrolides and aminoglycosides. Medications disrupt the synthesis of harmful structures and do not allow bacteria to multiply.

infusion solutions

The solutions were administered to restore lost fluids. They make up for electrolyte balance. In this case, the 3% and 20% glucose solutions.

sorbents

They are prescribed to rid the body of harmful substances. They prevent complications and get rid of toxic shock. 5% liquid calcium chloride is also used to bring a normal permeability of small blood vessels and their walls.

diuretics

Such drugs include in the pathology therapy with forced diuresis. It is needed to enable the removal of harmful bacteria from the body. Funds administered together with detoxication medicines. The most common diuretic drugs - furosemide. It increases the amount of urine in the short term.

antipyretic drugs

This group of medicines helps in removing the heat. The most effective are ibuprofen and paracetamol.

antiemetic drugs

These drugs are administered in cases of persistent vomiting, causing total dehydration. This group includes the active ingredient metoclopramide, tonic gastrointestinal wall and blocking vomiting.

anticoagulants

Apply at risk of thrombosis is often encountered when a purulent disease. Tools of this group have a positive effect on the vascular wall, and is 100% will develop blood clots.

anabolic drugs

The process of decomposition of peritonitis fast, so it is necessary to slow down using insulin with glucose. As regards the first, it prevents depletion.

Surgical intervention

When the diagnosis of peritonitis first operation is performed, the choice of which depends on the patient's condition. The operation is performed under general anesthesia.

Of interventions has several objectives:

• eliminate the source of peritonitis;
• eradicate the infection;
• probe the intestines and provide drainage of the peritoneum to the accumulated exudate could safely go.

Medications

Peritonitis (symptoms in adults, causes and treatment is in the article) involves treatment of pain medications, antihistamines, antispasmodics and ganglioblokatorov. To maintain hemodynamics prescribed cardiac glycosides and corticosteroids.

cefazolin

Cefazolin is an antimicrobial medication semi-synthetic origin. It is produced in the powder for manufacturing the liquid for intramuscular injections or use in a vein. Effective means of substance - sodium salt of cefazolin.

Means a non-toxic and has a pronounced bactericidal effect. The drug is active against various types of malicious viruses. Means maximum concentration achieved in the blood after 30 minutes. after its use.

Indications:

• pneumonia;
• lung abscess;
• skin diseases;
• soft tissue pathology;
• prophylaxis following operations.

To produce the solution diluted powder of one vial in water for injection or sodium chloride is used. The daily dosage of the antibiotic to 4000 mg.

Contraindications:

• lactation;
• up to 1 year;
• allergies to medication components.

Medication can be purchased with a prescription, the price of 250 rubles.

cefotaxime

Cefotaxime relates to cephalosporin antibiotics of 2 generations. The drug is manufactured in powder for dilution and subsequent administration. The current medicament element - in Cefotaxime sodium salt. The drug is indicated for the introduction into muscle, or into a vein for the treatment of infectious and inflammatory pathologies.

Indications:

• pathology of skin diseases;
• endocarditis;
• complications of tonsillitis;
• abdominal infections;
• prevention of postoperative complications;
• peritonitis.

The medicine has a number of contraindications, therefore before to treat, it is necessary to study the instructions included with the product.

The medicine must not be used when:

• allergy to the drug components;
• the age of 2 years;
• kidney disease and liver;
• Time of carrying a child.

Also with caution drug prescribed to women during breastfeeding and those with chronic gastrointestinal diseases. The dosage and duration of therapy means determined by the physician. Adults appoint 1g means 3 times a day at regular intervals. The drug is sold by prescription, the cost of 28 rubles. for one vial.

perfluoro

Perfluoro a blood substitute with gas transport function. Means produced in the form of an emulsion for intravenous administration.

The composition of the drug contains the following active ingredients:

• pfokalin;
• sodium chloride;
• potassium chloride;
• sodium hydrogencarbonate;
• glucose.

The emulsion has a shock resistance, and plazmozameshchath cardioprotective effects. It is capable of transferring carbon dioxide and oxygen through the body. Due to the large gas exchange surface becomes higher oxygen diffusion, which supplies the organs and tissues.

Indications:

• acute hypovolemia;
• violation of the peripheral circulation;
• lung lavage.

The only contraindication to the use of drugs hemophilia. First, the patient is administered 4 drops of the emulsion, then make two-minute break. If you do not appear to be any adverse effects, enter 30 more emulsion droplets. Means freely available in pharmacies, the price of 3000 rubles.

amikacin

Amikacin is an antibacterial drug. The active ingredient of the medicament of amikacin sulfate relates to antibiotic drugs and is active against many bacteria.

The medicament manufactured in ampoules for injections and powder for dilution. The drug has no bactericidal effect on the anaerobic microorganisms. After administration the active ingredient absorbed into the bloodstream and distributed quickly in the body.

Indications:

• pneumonia;
• bacterial endocarditis;
• pathology of liver and gallbladder;
• postoperative complications;
• bone infections.

Contraindications:

• allergy medicament for components;
• diseases of the inner ear;
• renal failure and liver;
• childbearing time.

Adults appoint 5 mg of drug every six hours. Duration of therapy to 7 days. The tool can be purchased with a prescription, the price of 300 rubles.

amoxiclav

Amoxiclav is an antibacterial agent which is active against many bacteria. Medication belongs to a number of semi-synthetic antibiotics penicillin. The medicine is produced in tablets of 14 pcs. in a pack. The composition of the medicament active ingredients are: amoxicillin and clavulanic acid.

Indications:

• pharyngitis;
• laryngitis;
• urethritis;
• bronchitis;
• cystitis;
• pyelonephritis.

Contraindications:

• allergy to the components of the formulation;
• disorders of the liver and kidneys;
• Infectious mononucleosis;
• lymphocytic leukemia.

Adult agent prescribed 1 tablet a couple times a day. The duration of therapy is 7-14 days. Medicines are sold in pharmacies with a prescription, the price of 350 rubles.

meropenem

Meropenem is a carbapenem antibiotic. It is produced in powder form for dilution for intravenous administration. The composition includes a medicament acting element meropenem, additional sodium carbonate. The antibiotic has a strongly pronounced bactericidal activity.

Agent is resistant to the work of many beta-lactamases. Its bacteriostatic and bactericidal concentrations are almost indistinguishable. the drug also has a high affinity for proteins that bind to penicillin.

Indications:

• bacterial meningitis;
• diseases of the genitourinary system;
• endometritis;
• soft tissue disease.

Contraindications:

• under the age of 3 months .;
• lactation;
• are allergic to components of the preparation.

The drug is administered intravenously over 6 min. or as an infusion over 30 minutes. Before use the solution is prepared. The dose and duration of therapy, the doctor sets individually. Means sold by prescription, the cost of 570 rubles.

Traditional methods

Treatment only operative peritonitis.

The goal of surgical treatment is to eliminate the causes of diseases and drainage of the abdominal cavity. No traditional methods or herbal tea will not help here. The operation must be carried out in the early hours of the disease. After a course of antibiotics assigned surgery.

Other methods

Once diagnosed, the patient should not be given to eat and drink. It is useful in such moments to put the patient in ice mouth but melt water from it and spit out not swallow. It can be placed on ice to a patient abdomen in such a position that it does not put pressure on it.

It is best to fill the rubber ball crushed ice and hang it over the area of ​​the patient's stomach so that it lightly touches it, but do not lay on it. Also, to facilitate the patient's condition can be placed on the area of ​​the belly wrap: 1 part purified turpentine, and 2 parts of sunflower oil.

possible complications

When applying for emergency medical care for 12 hours after the onset of signs of peritonitis favorable prognosis - survival of almost 100% of people. But after the operation may appear short and long-term complications, including diseases of the internal organs and adhesions.

To minimize them, it is important to follow the doctor's recommendations, strengthen the immune system and to fully utilize the prescribed drugs without disrupting care system. If a person for a long time do not get help, then later it faces serious diseases of internal organs.

Peritonitis - the most dangerous disease in adults. Its symptoms are developing so rapidly that doctors often do not have time to help. If the operation is carried out in time, the risk of complications is reduced, and the mortality rate becomes less than 10%.

Registration of the article: Vladimir the Great

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