Miscellaneous

Tonsillitis: home treatment for adults

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angina (quinsy) - an inflammatory disease of the tonsils. It is characterized by an acute course and occurs with a frequency of 50 - 60 cases per 1000 population per year. Often sick children from 3 to 7 years, adults - mostly up to 40 years. It is a primary or secondary, caused by both bacterial and viral, but sometimes fungal infection.

There are many different reasons and, accordingly, forms of the disease. A special place among the primary manifestations take her tonsillitis. The disease caused by bacterial flora, so antibiotics are required during etiotropic therapy.

What it is?

Tonsillitis - a purulent inflammation tonsil follicles (lymphoid formations pharynx), wherein the pus is in the form of individual point foci. May be affected by the palatine, tube, pharyngeal and lingual tonsils. The disease accompanied by increased inflammation and cervical regional lymph nodes, in which the lymph flows away from the centers of inflammation.

Causes of

The main cause of tonsillitis is an infection with pathogenic bacteria, viruses or fungi, or autoinfitsirovanie own conditionally pathogenic microflora is activated by reducing the local stress Immunity.

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Among bacterial agents that most commonly cause tonsillitis include:

  • arkanobakterii (most common in the age group 25-30 years);
  • neisseria;
  • pneumococci;
  • meningococcus;
  • influenza bacillus;
  • Klebsiella; and etc;
  • β-hemolytic group A streptococcus, BGSA (the cause in more than 50-70% of cases);
  • Streptococcus groups C and G (along with GABHS cause 30-40% of all cases of tonsillitis in pediatric patients).

Viruses provoke the development of disease is much less common, mainly cause tonsillitis are the following:

  • coronavirus;
  • influenza and parainfluenza viruses;
  • ; Barr - Epstein
  • adenovirus;
  • rhinovirus;
  • Coxsackie A virus

In some cases, the disease can be caused by exposure to pathogenic fungi of the genus Candida, usually in association with viruses or bacteria.

Infection by pathogenic microflora tonsil tissue typically occurs droplets or alimentary manner but it is possible and in direct contact. In addition to outside infections might endogenous infection in the presence of a chronic inflammatory process in the ENT area, most often - when chronic tonsillitis (In this case β-hemolytic group A streptococcus able to persist long in the internal structures of tonsils).

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Symptoms in adults

Harbingers of follicular tonsillitis is an inflammation of the mucous membrane of the soft palate, the palatine arches, tonsils:

  • the patient complains of a sore throat;
  • surface oral tissues hyperemic, covered with mucus;
  • at inspection reveals subfebrile temperature, moderate swelling, mucosal edema, regional lymph node (cervical, submaxillary) increased, painful with palpation.

Within 1-3 days if untreated first signs. The general clinical examination reveals signs of follicular tonsillitis:

  1. Sharp pains in the throat, general malaise;
  2. Febrile temperature, regional lymph nodes enlarged and painful;
  3. When pharyngoscope detect small bubbles (follicles) containing pus, which shine through the mucosa of the tonsils shell.

The characteristic symptom of tonsillitis - necrotic areas that are close to the gaps. The division of the follicular and lacunar angina conditional. Usually located near pus-filled gaps and follicles. Visually lacunar tonsillitis manifested form stripes on the amygdala, filled with purulent contents.

Tonsillitis without temperature. In the classical view, any inflammation, including follicular angina, accompanied by six external features:

  • swelling of the tonsils and surrounding tissue,
  • local acidosis (increase the acidity of tissue)
  • Local erythema (redness of the tonsils)
  • hyperthermia (increased local body temperature),
  • violation of the damaged organ function,
  • pain.

Very often at an early stage of the disease, the symptoms of angina follicular very similar to infectious mononucleosis, exacerbation of chronic tonsillitis, herpetic sore throat, oral candidiasis.

Secondary tonsillitis when mononucleosis is very similar to the follicular, although it may occur and lacunar type:

  1. It starts with the first day of illness or accedes to 5-6 days.
  2. It is also very typical of abdominal pain and an enlarged liver and spleen, which are not in primary follicular tonsillitis.
  3. In addition to high temperature, which flows in waves increases and become painful lymph nodes. But it amazed not only by the neck, but also axillary, and occipital, and subclavian, and inguinal groups of nodes.
  4. Mononucleosis characterized by blood analysis (lymphocytosis, detection mononuklarnyh leukocytes).
  5. The diagnosis is confirmed by immunological (antibody detection and determination of titers) and blood serological reactions.

It is particularly important to distinguish between infectious mononucleosis from follicular tonsillitis, treatment of these two radically different diseases. If mononucleosis in any case can not take antibiotics, and purulent tonsillitis only treated them.

Symptoms in children

Quickly determine the main focus of inflammation at the small child can be difficult. Alert parents at an early stage of the disease have the following symptoms:

  1. Redness of the cheeks.
  2. The sharp jump in temperature above 38 ° (when the temperature is difficult to knock angina).
  3. Long lament (in infancy).
  4. Complaints of pain in the neck, head or ear.
  5. Halitosis.
  6. digestive disorders (diarrhea or vomiting).
  7. Deterioration of motor coordination.
  8. Redness of the throat, white or yellowish plaque on the tongue.
  9. Manifestation moodiness with a sharp decline of physical activity (for older children).
  10. Possible confusion down to a syncope.

In children, the disease progresses rapidly and takes place in a more acute form, so when it first Symptoms need to call an ambulance, which quickly take the child to the infectious diseases hospital. Call the local therapist in this case is inappropriate, because the much enlarged tonsils can block the airway and cause choking.

What is tonsillitis: photo

The photo below shows how the disease manifests itself in adults.

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Complications and prognosis

Untimely, unprofessional treatment, the use of antibiotics, which in this species of pathogens formed resistance, decreased patient immunity - major causes that contribute to the complications.

Most often it occurs:

  • rheumatism;
  • streptococcal meningitis;
  • Gastrointestinal lesions;
  • peritonsillar abscess;
  • education cellulitis;
  • pyelonephritis, glomerulonephritis;
  • sepsis;
  • toxic shock;
  • otitis;
  • laryngeal edema.

Prognosis largely depends on how you treat tonsillitis, and as medical assistance on time. The first manifestations of the disease should immediately consult a doctor.

How to treat tonsillitis

Effective treatment of sore throat medication means impossible without strict compliance with the following provisions in the home:

  1. Bed rest, refusal to stay on the street for 5-6 days in order to avoid a sharp deterioration.
  2. The diet should consist of homogenous food without spices, such as: cereal, soups, purees and soups.
  3. Regular gargling, 7-10 times a day, which will clear the throat by purulent discharge, which remain after maturation and opening of the follicle.
  4. The room where the patient is necessary to clean and ventilate every day.
  5. Plenty of warm drinks, especially non-carbonated mineral water, milk with soda, herbal teas with rose hips, chamomile and sage. To protect the inflamed mucosa, liquid temperature should not be too high.

The patient may get better after 5 days, but is not recommended to immediately go to work and go to public places. Immunity takes time to recover from a recent infection. Doctors recommend within 10 days of care of the body from contact with the external environment. Help improve the health of a sound sleep, complete rest, a balanced diet, vegetables and fruit.

medication

Because of drugs administered during the follicular tonsillitis:

  • vitamins (increase resistance to infection);
  • antihistamines (Suprastin, et al.), reducing sensitization to Streptococcus;
  • antipyretics (Paracetamol children in syrup or suppositories, injection at a high temperature and dipyrone dimedrola). Although pediatricians Nurofen often prescribed as an analgesic and antipyretic, active drug is strictly forbidden to 2 years, and its application to 12 years of relatively safe;
  • antibiotics are suitable in almost all cases due to the breeding of bacteria in the damaged tonsils (Penicillin, amoxicillin / Augmentin, macrolides Sumamed / azithromycin / clarithromycin, cephalosporins Cephalexin / Cefazolin).

Treatment of follicular tonsillitis with antibiotics

Before the appointment of the drug is recommended to make crop of mucus or pus from the surface of the tonsils in the microbial flora of the sensitivity to the drug.

If you are not allergic to antibiotics, it is necessary to use:

  1. First-line drugs, which are the penicillins (semi-synthetic or ingibitorozaschischennye). These medications are a wide variety of actions which are very effective in the fight against streptococci and staphylococci. penicillin course must be at least 10 days. For drugs in this group include Ekoklav, Amoxiclav, Augmentin, amoxicillin.
  2. Second series of antibiotics - macrolides it. Josamycin, Klatsid (clarithromycin, azithromycin (Hemomitsin, Azitroks, Sumamed). Course intake of these drugs should be limited to 5 days, because the drugs tend to accumulate in the blood, so this course will provide 10 days of exposure to the bacteria in the body.

The effectiveness of antibiotic therapy is evaluated after 72 hours to improve the general well-being, decrease in temperature. For this patient for the first three days of visiting the doctor every day. In case of no effect of the use of antibiotic preparations transferred to another group.

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physiotherapy

For the implementation of the procedures used special devices emitters. At home, usually used an infrared lamp. Its main action is warming up, which leads to dilation of blood vessels, stimulation of regeneration processes.

In the hospital uses ultraviolet light. Exposure to radiation generally aligned with the inhalation medicaments since, according to some data, it improves the permeability of tissues. Furthermore, ultraviolet light has a bactericidal action.

Also used in angina microwave and UHF electric current. To achieve the desired effect requires a set of procedures, the average rate period is 5-7 days. Widespread use of physiotherapy with tonsillitis in children, including for preventive purposes.

Surgery

In some cases, to get rid of tonsillitis may need surgical poluhirurgicheskie ways of disposal. The latter method is used with frequent occurrence of diseases that lead to changes in the tonsils and pathological complications. Poluhirurgichesky method practiced as a complementary measure during drug therapy, helping to bring the pus from the tonsils. Such methods may include: galvanokaustiku and diathermocoagulation. The hardware method is used for dissection and cleanse the tonsils of pus in chronic tonsillitis.

A more radical method is tonsillectomy or tonsillectomy. In most cases, the tonsils are removed completely, but partial excision may be performed at a large scale. By the indications for tonsillectomy is the inefficiency of conservative treatment. The operation is performed not earlier than 3 weeks after suffering tonsillitis.

prevention

Special measures to prevent the development of follicular tonsillitis, has not been developed. General recommendations are as follows:

  1. patient isolation, because the disease is contagious.
  2. Exception actions traumatic factors in the presence of (dust, air pollution).
  3. Feeding with sufficient vitamin C.
  4. Keeping the immune system in a stable state by tempering procedures and elimination of stress.

Treat tonsillitis complex is necessary, using all available means. Do not neglect even those methods that do not provide quick results (eg, from the arsenal traditional medicine), as they often improve the general condition of the body, increases its resistance infection.

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