Acute cystitis: the treatment of women, the symptoms and prevention

Acute cystitis - is an inflammation that develops in the cavity of the bladder, namely, on the mucous membrane. The main features of this disease are in constant tenesmus feeling wc rezi when emptying the bladder. Such a condition often characterized by women due to the specific anatomy of the urogenital system.

If we compare the urethra of men and women, then the second is short and quite broad. Due to this dangerous bacteria can easily penetrate into the body, and then fixed on the mucosa and begin their active reproduction, which eventually affects a larger area of ​​tissue.

What it is?

Acute cystitis - it emerged acute inflammation of the mucous membrane of the urinary bladder more often of infectious origin.

Causes of

In most cases, the appearance and development of acute cystitis provoke microorganisms living in large amounts in the intestine. Due to poor hygiene, exposure to cold or due to medical procedures passes introduction of infection into the channels of the genitourinary system, where they penetrate into the bladder.

Of enteric microorganisms causing acute forms of cystitis, most often provoke this disease:

• staphylococci;
• Proteus;
• E. coli;
• klibsiely;
• and etc.

cystitis pathogens can also serve as specific agents of certain infectious diseases:

• Mycobacterium tuberculosis;
• Treponema pallidum (syphilis);
• gonococci;
• trihomonodami;
• mycoplasmas.

The inflammatory process can be triggered by certain types of parasites.

Classification

According to the statistical classification ICD-10 acute cystitis is part of the urinary organ diseases with N30.0 code. For radiation cystitis etiology code provided 30.4.

To distinguish between:

• primary inflammation - no mention of the earlier bubble disease;
• secondary - to cystitis already had other diseases of the urinary system.

Depending on the extent of acute cystitis can process:

• focal remain, for example, cervical localization;
• have a diffuse character (total defeat of all bladder).

Endoscopic study of the mucosa in cystitis possible to distinguish forms:

• bluetongue - there is swelling, redness, dilated blood vessels;
• hemorrhagic - disturbed vascular permeability, erythrocytes exuded therethrough;
• granular and bullous - inflammation penetrates into the muscle layer, gives food the bladder wall;
• encrusting - expressed in various epithelial mechanical damage crystals.

Symptoms of acute cystitis

Even if the bubble has accumulated enough urine, irritability, provoking muscle contraction of the urinary, will cause severe and frequent urges. The severity of the disease determines miktsy frequency, sometimes they can occur every 30 minutes or more.

The characteristic symptoms of acute cystitis are:

• dragging pain in the abdomen;
• frequent and painful urination;
• strong cutting pain when emptying the bladder with the release at the end of a few drops of blood;
• chills, and general weakness;
• the feeling is not a complete emptying of the bladder;
• sometimes urinary incontinence and its spontaneous separation from the urethra;
• fever (in rare cases up to 37,0-37,5 ° C).

With the defeat of infection and inflammation of the bladder neck is characterized by constant pain, which is reflected in the perineum and anus, and in men, and head of the penis. Because of the pain and spasm of the sphincter of the urethra, which is located on the outside, as well as the pelvic floor muscles can delay the start of reflex micturition.

Urinary incontinence can occur during the development of cystitis in the bladder neck with the involvement of his sphincter. In the propagation of inflammation in the upper urinary tract disorder is added to this temperature does not rise above 37 degrees, and general malaise. All these symptoms signal the development of pyelonephritis.

Cystitis can be easily distinguished from other diseases, but the exact diagnosis is possible only after studying the test results.

Diagnostics

Common methods of diagnosis:

1. A careful medical history and complaints. Clarify where the patient works, his preferences in food, bad habits, presence of comorbidities;
2. Examination of the patient. Since the sexual organs of the disease may be the cause of acute cystitis, it necessarily requires a gynecological examination of women with mirrors and rectal examination of men.

Acute cystitis is suspected of one complaint, but for an accurate diagnosis and to identify diseases that might cause it should conduct additional laboratory and instrumental survey.

complications

The most frequent complications of acute cystitis are:

• transition chronic inflammation characterized resistant, resistant to therapy course with periods of remissions and exacerbations;
• paratsistit - out inflammation of the bladder with the defeat of the surrounding tissue;
• interstitial cystitis - inflammation affects not only slimy, but the deeper layers of the bladder wall (submucosal, muscle);
• acute pyelonephritis - an infection of the bladder via the ureters penetrate into the kidneys, causing them inflammation;
• cystalgia - painful and frequent urination, is not accompanied by the development of pyuria (more frequent in women);
• gangrenous cystitis - a serious complication threatening rupture of the bladder and peritonitis.

How to treat acute cystitis?

in women, treatment should be timely and comprehensive. Uncomplicated acute cystitis is treated at home.

Depending on the intended pathogen appointed:

1. Antibiotics. The specialist may assign resources from fluoroquinolones group tseffalosporinov or penicillins. Good results show the drug Monural. The medicine is not contraindicated during pregnancy and lactation, can be administered to children from 5 years. Infants infant may be assigned Augmentin in slurry form. Antibiotic therapy lasts 5-7 days.
2. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents. These drugs help to eliminate pain and fever. Nurofen - means which comes in various forms, can be administered during pregnancy used in pediatrics.
3. Antispasmodics. Medications in this group help to relieve spasm of smooth muscles of the bladder. Can be used drugs such as No-spa (allowed its use in children and during pregnancy), Drotaverinum.
4. Probiotics. Medicaments administered with antibiotics aimed at restoring a healthy gut microflora (Hilak Forte Lineks).
5. Phytomedication. plant means aimed at reducing the inflammation. Drugs in this group are used together with antibiotics. Drug has good characteristics Kanefron-H. It can be assigned to pregnant women and children older than 1 year. Suitable for infants Cystone. Other popular drugs of this group - Urolesan, Monurel.

recommended to use a liquid in an amount of not less than two liters per day to ensure adequate removal of infected urine and prevent stagnation. In addition, it is necessary for 5-7 days to abstain from sex. Also, in order to restore the barrier properties of the bladder mucosa shows the use of immunostimulatory preparations.

Diet

Any treatment will begin with diet. Proper nutrition gives the body the necessary resources (proteins, fats, carbohydrates, vitamins and minerals) for better and complete tissue regeneration of the damaged epithelium. Acute cystitis Diet is especially important in the presence of metabolic disorders in the body (diabetes, kidney stones, gout and the like)

But there are some general rules for the treatment of all types of cystitis:

1. Vegetable products. Vegetables and fruits have the property of alkalizing urine, thereby changing the usual acidic environment of pathogenic bacteria in an unfavorable direction. In parallel, it is necessary to exclude from the acute, salted, smoked food, which may increase the urine specific gravity (concentration).
2. Drinking plenty of fluids. Drinking need at least 2-2.5 liters of fluid a day. Thus, urine will wash away excess concentration of harmful substances from the bladder. However, do not drink any drinks. Alcohol is contraindicated in any quantity, as well as sweet drinks and lemonades. It is best to drink black or green tea, juices of fruits and vegetables, and berries. Very useful properties has the juice of cranberries, as it is a natural uroseptikov, kills bacteria in the urinary tract.

Given the etiology of the disease, the treatment of cystitis at home without drugs, the more quickly it is not possible. Requires reception of medicines, the effect of which is aimed at eliminating the causes of disease. Without drug treatment usually takes only acute symptoms of cystitis.

Surgical intervention

If the disease is started, conservative treatment with the use of antibiotics does not always produce good results. The doctor may decide to surgical intervention.

In case of deep lesions body wall or plastic surgeon performs resection of the affected portion of the bladder. Surgical intervention may be illustrated with fibrous or ulcerative cystitis.

prevention

To prevent the development of an acute inflammatory process in the bladder, it is necessary to follow the simple rules:

1. We can not allow the body hypothermia.
2. Carefully follow the personal hygiene of the external genital organs (women must wash from front to back, so as not to bring an infection of the rectum into the urethra).
3. Try to eat at least 1.5-2 liters of fluid per day.
4. To prevent accumulation of bacteria in the bladder is not recommended to restrain the urge to urinate (long endure).
5. Watch for regular bowel movement and avoid constipation.
6. After each act of defecation (bowel movement) to carry the toilet of external genitals using baby soap or gel for intimate hygiene.
7. Wearing underwear made from natural fabrics, suitable in size. Too tight underwear and clothes violate the normal blood circulation in the pelvic organs, which leads to stagnation and the development of inflammation.
8. Women during the critical days to change a sanitary towel every 2 hours, regardless of its degree of filling.
9. Avoid rough intimate relations, and after sexual intercourse necessary to try to empty the bladder.

By following these simple tips cystitis will get you a party!