Scabies: symptoms, photo, treatment. How to treat scabies

Scabies - a parasitic skin disease caused by scabies. Microscopic pathogens move through the itch moves in the epidermis, which is delivered to the patient a lot of pain. Intolerable itching and rash specific - typical signs of scabies. The higher the population density, the easier it is to catch dangerous diseases. Without treatment, the mites can reproduce for many years under the skin.

If time to seek medical help immediately after the first alarming symptoms, scabies can be it will be easy to get rid of with the help of drugs, whose action is aimed at the destruction of the pathogen and its offspring. Let's look at how to develop scabies, what are its main symptoms and tell you about the drugs that are used to combat the disease.

What it is?

Scabies - a contagious skin disease acariasis of akarodermatitov group caused by microscopic parasite - scabies mites or scabies (lat. Sarcoptes scabiei var. hominis).

the originator's name comes from ancient Greek. σάρξ (meat, flesh), κόπτειν (nibble, gnaw, cut) and the Latin. scabere (combing). Characteristic features of the disease are papulovezikuleznaya itching and rash, often with addition of secondary infection due pustular elements during combing.

Highly contagious scabies in humans is due to the short time span of implementation scabies in human skin. This gap is only about 15-20 minutes.

The causative agent of scabies and ways of infection

Cause of the disease - Sarcoptes scabiei. It is transmitted by contact. There are 2 kinds of individuals - male and female. They have different breeding cycle, particularly life. The male dies after fertilization of the female on the skin surface (especially at night). The female penetrates the skin, makes the moves on the border between the horny and granular layers of the epidermis, which lays eggs. Die in a month. From eggs larvae appear to continue to race the scabies mite.

Relative to the contact pathway (through towels, a handshake) discussion of specialists still exist. Sarcoptes scabiei looks quite weak resistance to the environment (when compared with the cockroach). Killed pathogen for 1 hour at a temperature of 60 degrees at a humidity of less than 35% tick dies per day. Under optimal conditions for human life microorganism does not continue for more than 5 days. To save the kind of each female lays 5-7 eggs. Yield night on the skin surface enables to perform copulation under optimal environmental conditions. As a result, skin itching is worse at night.

Such features transfer parasitosis due to the following data on its biology:

• itch mite activity during the day; females are selected on the surface only in pozdnevechernee and at night;
• mite requires about 30 minutes for skin penetration host;
• in the environment mite dies quickly (at 21 ° C and humidity of 40-80% parasite die after 24-36 hours) the warmer and drier, the faster; mite activity ceases before that ..

Currently, more guidelines and health surveys include scabies, along with pediculosis pubis in the list of diseases transmitted sexually, although the transmission of these parasitoses is important not so much the coitus as long touch the bodies in bed.

Classification

In addition to the usual form of the disease, stand still, and the atypical form psevdochasotka.

Varieties of scabies:

1. The typical form. All manifestations of the ordinary, a strong itch, there is a rash, itch moves.
2. Scabies no moves. It develops when parasitizing larvae on the skin surface to the hatching of adults. Are formed papules and vesicles on the skin. It lasts 2-3 weeks.
3. Nodular form. Allergy is manifested as itchy nodules smooth reddish color. Revealed by long-term course of the disease, repeated infection, or after the treatment.
4. Discrete form. Ticks are not actively proliferate, the reasons are unknown. Itching and inflammation are absent, marked some parts of mites living.
5. Grain shape. Pathogen - bellied mites, parasitic on insects. Contact with straw or grain leads to rashes on the neck, back, arms. After treatment, the rash lasts for a few weeks.
6. Psevdochasotka. By scabies mites that live on the skin of animals. They do not constitute passages, cause itching and inflammation. Others are not transmitted from person. Heals itself, ie. To. These mites can not survive on the human skin.
7. Norwegian form. Rare in children, she was exposed to patients with HIV, cancer and other immunodeficiency states. Mangy moves large ticks a lot of inflammation is strong, are formed papules and scabs on the skin.

Diagnosis is based on the patient's symptoms, the nature of lesions, presence detection and burrows themselves ticks when viewed under a microscope.

incubation period

The incubation period of scabies about 6 weeks. This time is spent clamp for securing a new location. The characteristics of the immune system depends on the degree of activity of the pathogen. The stronger the protection, the more difficult mites survive. The incubation period is the shorter, the more germs have spread to the skin surface.

The first signs

When human infection, the first signs of scabies may appear and a month after the tick contact with the skin, secondary infection - symptoms much earlier.

The earliest signs of scabies in humans are as follows:

1. Intense itching (often at night);
2. Rash, blisters, small pimples;
3. Because of scratching appear suppuration, ulcers.

The hallmark of the disease is the occurrence of itch moves to 7 mm in length (gray crimped strips, belesovogo color), these curved end moves vesicles or papules - a mite burrows in which the female lays 10-25 eggs.

Symptoms of scabies in humans

The main symptom of scabies initial stage - itch (see. Photo). Its intensity increases. Especially strong this character becomes in the evening and at night. This can be explained by an increase in the activity of the pathogen by the end of the day. Another symptom of scabies - a rash. Although there are some signs of blurry, but still the rash appears, sooner or later, and in certain places. To diagnose localization of lesions is even more important than their appearance.

Almost all patients experienced a small nodules in the interdigital spaces, as well as on the sides of the fingers.

Including rash found on:

• feet,
• flexion of the shoulder and arm,
• breasts (around the nipple)
• wrist joint,
• genitals,
• anterior axillary fold,
• ankles,
• penis,
• the inner thighs,
• the side surfaces of the abdomen and chest,
• the umbilical region,
• buttocks,
• loin,
• popliteal hollows.

After a few weeks of the changing nature of the rash: it becomes papulovezikuleznoy. This is a result of vital activity of ticks, an allergic reaction to their feces. There may be festering rash and bloody crusts. Usually the rash are arranged symmetrically.

Typical scabies manifests the group nature of itching. If all members of the family had an itch, worse in the evening, then a visit to a specialist in skin diseases can not be avoided.

Features manifestations of scabies in children

Symptoms of scabies in children are somewhat different:

• in babies under 6 months of disease resembles hives and is a cluster of bubbles as in the sting;
• It affected the whole body, even the face and scalp, and sometimes - the nail plate;
• more often than adults, appear purulent complications.

symptoms psevdochesotki

This itching dermatosis itch mites animals. A person infected with mites on contact with dogs, horses, pigs, rabbits, sheep, goats, foxes. Just a few hours after contact with an infected animal in a human itch. These clamps do not penetrate the skin and do not form passages. In areas of contact with animals appear asymmetrical lesions (papules, vesicles, blisters). From human to human disease is not transmitted.

What is scabies: Photo initial stage

What happens under the skin in the initial stages of scabies? Parasites embedded in the flesh:

• after infection female mite gimlet moves into the top layer of skin;
• from the eggs laid by the females, the larvae appear. They quickly grow into adult parasites;
• new individuals burrow tunnels in the epidermis;
• evenings ticks are moving in the skin, itching intensified;
• in the initial stage itch moves individual, the disease is successfully treated.

The photo below shows how the disease manifests itself in humans.

Diagnostics

Can be suspect scab on a typical clinical signs and distinctive localization process as described above.

The following methods are used to confirm the diagnosis:

• color of the skin with tincture of iodine: while chuck moves are painted in brown color;
• skin scraping using 40 percent lactic acid;
• identifying mite via videodermatoskopa;
• Removing the tick from the epidermis and microscopy.

These are the kinds of diagnostics during infection scabies mites plus well-known symptoms.

Effects

Complications provoke and typical and atypical types of mange. If the definition of the typical form and basic medical care is not carried out at the right moment, the complications can not be avoided. There is a bad smell from the wound, and the place of destruction becomes wet, there will be pain. Aggravate the condition combed convexity. Complicated scabies (as persistent or eczematous) causes dermatitis, Eczema, pyoderma.

By itself, the scabies is not very dangerous. Consequences give combed and from infected wounds. May cause sepsis. The cause of complications becomes and Psychosomatics. After all, 85% of wearable lesions arise at a psychological level.

How to treat scabies at home?

The quick and easy cure scabies? At home, apply special ointments and creams in the evening. At this time of the day tick awake. Medicines for scabies manufactured in various forms. Many have contraindications and limitations for certain categories of patients, such as children or pregnant women. Carefully study the instructions.

For fast and effective treatment for scabies you must follow some rules:

• heal the sick and all those in contact with him;
• had contacted to conduct a single drug treatment;
• bedding and clothing replaced after the treatment;
• adults should handle all parts of the body except the face and head;
• children are treated in full;
• when used for the treatment of an ointment, it should be applied only with bare hands;
• processing is performed in the evening;
• wash with soap necessary before treatment and after 4 days thereafter;
• drugs should be applied for 12 hours.

So now the following drugs are used to treat scabies, ointments and aerosols:

1. Benzyl benzoate. Effective potent agent against scabies. Duration of therapy is determined by the doctor depending on the severity of the disease. Minimum rate - 2-3 days, on the advice of a dermatologist treatment again. Children need 10% of the drug, adults - 20% of ointment. Before applying the well clean up tools, wear clean clothes. Some patients complain of burning, itching in the treated areas.
2. Lindane. Available in the form of ointment, cream, lotion. This formulation is applied to the dry skin on 6-24 hours and then rinsed. Applied once or twice.
3. Crotamiton. Used for the treatment of pregnant women and newborns. The course of treatment - 5 days.
4. Spregal. French rather expensive drug in aerosol form. Cartridge lasts for three treatments. The medicament is easy to use, practically odorless, it can be used in children and pregnant women. It recommended double treatment with an interval of 3 days. The drug is applied to the skin in the evening after a shower and left the body for 12 hours. Prerequisite is a change of underwear and bed linen.
5. Permethrin (Medifoks vial gel 100-140 rub. Nix cream 320-400 rub. Pedikuleznoe means Higiya 180 rubles). Rubbed into the skin of the whole body, and rinsed through 8-14 hours. Apply once.
6. Esdepalletrin (A spray-Pr 600 rubles. Spregal aerosol RUB 800-900). Synthetic drug is released as an aerosol and applied singly is considered very convenient and low toxicity. Is contraindicated in asthma, breastfeeding.
7. Sulfuric ointment. Simple and affordable medication, it should be rubbed into the skin for a week. Now sulfuric ointment is rarely used, as it has a number of disadvantages: pungent odor and a thick, oily consistency, which is why poorly absorbed and stain underwear.

Among the popular methods of popular have these recipes:

1. Celandine. Crush fresh leaves, grind, mix up with vaseline (1: 4) to add 1 part of carbolic acid. Lubricate the affected areas every day. Caution! Composition toxic.
2. Ointment with laurel leaves. Grind in a coffee grinder dry bay leaves. Add the soft butter (2-3 tbsp. l.). Apply the mixture on the affected place.
3. Birch tar. Itch lesions daily lubricate pure birch tar ointment or prepared on its basis. To this mixed equal parts of tar, sulfur powder rubbed with soap and lard. Composition kneaded thoroughly until homogenous and placed in a refrigerator for a day and then used for treatment of affected skin.
4. Sulfur-tar ointment and soap. Mix 1 h. l. birch tar, 1 tbsp. l. melted lard, 1 tbsp. l. soap, 2 parts. l. sulfur. Rub in lesions 7 days. The procedure is performed every evening.

Still remember, with the help of traditional medicine recipes, you can get rid of the unpleasant symptoms, improve the patient's condition. only potent drugs can destroy parasites.

Regimen benzyl benzoate (20% emulsion)

As well as treatment with sulfuric ointment, provides a preliminary wash with rasparivaniem skin, whereupon:

• At day 1 the emulsion in an amount of 200 ml is rubbed in the same sequence and under the same rules;
• In the next 2 days cleaning, emulsion application and linen are not carried out;
• In the evening, on the 4th day it is also necessary to wash, rub the emulsion and linen change;
• Day 5 - benzilbezoata residues are washed off with soap but without rubbing the skin, and again changing clothes.

Benzyl Disadvantages consist in burning of the skin and unpleasant sensations on the first application of the preparation, as well as its high cost.

prevention

Prophylaxis with scabies as a mass disease and associated with unsanitary living conditions, housing, health literacy, lack of hygiene or inability to implement them, in particular, is an energetic struggle for a healthy way of life, economic prosperity, raising the cultural level of the masses population. Here the general activities of Soviet medicine must give the most striking success.

Each case of scabies requires prompt and vigorous treatment, disinfection of all linen and patient clothing (and underclothes bed), one should not forget the need to explore all the surrounding of the patient in his home life and the simultaneous treatment of all TB patients.

Measures of personal prevention are derived from the above methods with scabies infestation.

Forecast

In the case of preserved immune status of disease does not pose an immediate threat to life. Timely adequate treatment can completely eliminate the symptoms and consequences of the disease. Employability is completely restored.

In rare cases, observed mainly in the poorest countries, complicated scabies can lead to post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis and possibly to rheumatic heart failure.

Children Scabies may be complicated by severe sepsis, pyoderma and, until the patient's death. The prognosis for the Norwegian scabies dubious treatment is ineffective, there are cases of death occurs due to patient toxicity, destruction of the heart.