Miscellaneous

Strep throat, Symptoms and Treatment in Adults

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Acute pharyngitis - acute inflammatory disease of the pharynx cavity, provoked by exposure to infectious agents or physical factors. Inflammatory changes in the disease diffusely striking body mucous membrane, fabric lymphadenoid entities is not damaged, in contrast to acute tonsillitis when the morphological substrate is lymphoid tissue tonsils.

Strep can both be self pathology and act as one of the manifestations of certain diseases. The most widespread disease is observed in children (up to 7 million annually fixed references), the incidence of adult patients is significantly lower.

What it is?

Acute pharyngitis - an inflammation of the mucous membrane of the throat acute course. It can act as an independent pathology, or be a consequence of other diseases.

As an independent disease pharyngitis develops with the direct impact of the infectious agent in the mucosa of the throat, or when subjected to external and internal stimuli (inability to nasal breathing, alcohol intake, smoking, etc.). With regard to the fact that the development of acute pharyngitis as a secondary disease, the inflammation often manifests on the background of violations in the work of the gastrointestinal tract, respiratory infections, and so on. D.

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Very rarely occurs in isolation strep throat. Typically, in the process of inflammation include sections in contact with the pharynx (sinuses, larynx, trachea).

Causes of

The main etiological factor of acute pharyngitis are viruses. The most frequent pathogens is SARS or acute respiratory viral infections, namely adenosine, rhino-, coronaviruses, parainfluenza viruses and flu. Less commonly, the disease causes enteroviruses, herpes simplex virus, cytomegalovirus, coxsackie viruses, and HIV.

Development of the disease can facilitate:

  • hormone imbalance in the body (in particular, menopause);
  • allergic diseases;
  • general hypothermia;
  • severe somatic disorders;
  • bad habits (alcohol consumption, smoking).

In addition to viruses and bacteria strep throat can be caused by:

  • fungi;
  • injuries pharyngeal mucosa;
  • allergens;
  • chemical irritants.

Pharyngitis, the nature of which was originally a virus, a few days from the onset of the disease may become viral and bacterial - joins secondary flora of the oral cavity or from the foci of chronic infections body. The most frequently found in acute pharyngitis streptococci, staphylococci and pneumococci.

Classification

There is a classification for which it is necessary to determine the type of the disease in each patient. It reflects the changes taking place on the inside wall of the throat.

There are three main options:

  1. Hypertrophic (side and granulosa) - a special type of pathological thickening of the epithelium. It is similar to catarrhal, wherein there is also an increase in the thickness of the inner cladding due to swelling, but is more severe. The growth of the back of the throat called granulosa pharyngitis, side - side.
  2. Atrophic - reverse the previous type, flowing with thinning of the epithelium, under constant inflammation. Treatment of chronic pharyngitis This option takes a long time (months), due to the need for the full restoration of the mucosa.
  3. Catarrhal - the most favorable option, which does not change the structure of normal tissues. Otolaryngologist at survey can see the swelling, redness and blood vessels clearly defined across the mucosa.

Typically, the process has acute catarrhal or granulosa type. The rest of the more typical of a prolonged duration.

Symptoms of acute pharyngitis

Acute inflammation of the mucous membrane of the throat rarely occur in isolation. Most often they are developed at various infections of the upper respiratory tract. Only in the case of exposure to stimuli directly to the mucosal surface can be observed isolated strep throat:

  • hot or cold food;
  • mechanical damage to the mucosa;
  • mouth breathing - getting the mucous cold air, dust, etc .;
  • smoking;
  • alcohol consumption.

The following symptoms are observed in acute pharyngitis:

  • rawness, tickle in the throat;
  • slight pain when swallowing - pain gets worse when the "empty throat";
  • possible irradiation of the pain in the ears.

The general state of the patient independent of the etiology of the inflammation, the immune system of a human.

The disease can be independent or be part of another disease - measles, scarlet fever, influenza, SARS. In these cases, the symptoms of acute pharyngitis complemented symptoms of the underlying disease.

possible complications

Improper treatment provokes the development of serious diseases, including:

  • acute tracheitis;
  • Chronical bronchitis;
  • rheumatism;
  • acute labyrinthitis (inflammation of the inner ear);
  • lymphadenitis cervical nodes (rare complication dangerous for adults, requires immediate hospitalization);
  • glomerulonephritis (mainly ill children) after - chronic renal failure (chronic renal failure);
  • from the acute form of inflammation becomes chronic pharyngitis, laryngitis is attached;
  • retropharyngeal and peritonsillar abscess (pathogen - streptococcus, often suffered by children);
  • sialadenitis (salivary gland inflamed, sometimes requires the operation).

Finished the cure pharyngitis is more dangerous complications of pharyngitis treated harder than inflammation of the pharynx. Therefore, diagnostics, therapy should begin as soon as possible to prevent pharyngitis develop.

Diagnostics

The doctor diagnoses collected history, having pharyngoscope (examination of the pharynx). In most cases, this is enough to determine the cause of the disease. When the viral nature of the disease specialist will determine the swelling and redness of the pharyngeal mucosal lymphoid granules.

If the sore throat was caused by the bacteria by coughing will separate specific sputum. Due to its content of pus color - green, dark yellow, brown. In severe cases, will have to spend an additional study materials from the throat swab to determine the type of pathogen.

Treatment of acute pharyngitis

In adults, treatment of acute pharyngitis which has a mild course, it will be possible to limit the symptomatic therapy. This includes a light diet, intake of hot foot baths, the imposition of warming compresses on your neck, steam inhalation, nebulizer inhalation, gargling antiseptic solutions and irrigation specific dosage compositions.

At the time of treatment is important to minimize all factors that irritate the throat. To do this, first of all, you need to stop smoking. If the disease is not a bacterial nature, antibiotics are not appropriate. Systemic administration of antimicrobials required in complicated acute pharyngitis. In all other cases, we can restrict local antimicrobial therapy.

There are general guidelines for the treatment of acute pharyngitis in the home:

  • drinking plenty of fluids;
  • exclusion of hot and cold food;
  • exclusion sharp, irritating foods;
  • regular airing of the premises;
  • Daily wet cleaning and moisturizing the inhaled air.

When the viral nature of the disease used antiviral drugs, but it is worth noting that the time the article was published (April 2016), the effectiveness of antiviral drugs and has not been proved:

  • Arbidol;
  • Kagocel;
  • Ergoferon;
  • tsikloferon;
  • Ingavirin.

At body temperature of 38.5 degrees or more, antipyretics:

  • ibuprofen;
  • Paracetamol;
  • Aspirin;
  • Ibuklin.

Antibiotics are used only when proven bacterial pharyngitis, the following products are prescribed:

  • amoxiclav;
  • Flemoksin Soljutab;
  • azithromycin;
  • clarithromycin;
  • Zinnat;
  • Supraks.

Antibiotic treatment is carried out rate of 5 to 7 days. Self-treatment with antibacterial drugs is unacceptable.

A good therapeutic effect is achieved during local treatment, refer to it:

  • gargling;
  • os treatment with different solutions;
  • resorption of the tablets and lozenges.

To remove the swelling and pharyngeal mucosa in allergic pharyngitis nature are assigned antihistamines:

  • Tsetrin;
  • loratadine;
  • diazolin;
  • fenistil;
  • Zyrtec.

To use different processing throat sprays and aerosols:

  • Geksoral;
  • Stopangin;
  • Miramistin;
  • Ingalipt;
  • Kameton.

Rinsing is carried out the following solutions:

  • chlorhexidine;
  • furatsilin;
  • Rotokan;
  • A decoction of chamomile, calendula, sage.

Inhalation spend with essential oils:

  • hlorofillipt;
  • pine buds;
  • peppermint;
  • eucalyptus.

Suckable used drugs in the form of tablets or lozenges in addition they have an antiseptic action and analgesic action:

  • Septolete;
  • Falimint;
  • Dr. Mom;
  • Strepsils.

It is advisable during the exacerbation of the disease to stick to bed rest and minimize contact with others. This will reduce the recovery time and prevent the transition of the disease into a chronic form.

Folk remedies

Treat pharyngitis is possible and with the help of the popular methods, and some traditional medicines can have an even more beneficial effect than the conservative therapy.

The people know the following recipes to combat pharyngitis:

  1. Baking soda (2 tsp) diluted in 400 ml of boiling water. With this solution makes inhalation - every day throughout the illness.
  2. Leaves mother coltsfoot (2 tsp), peppermint oil (1 drop), alternating (1 tsp) pour 200 ml boiling water, wait for about an hour and add this mixture to a solution for inhalation or rinse her throat every 3 hours.
  3. Linden flowers (1 tablespoon), sage (2 tablespoons), calendula (1 tablespoon) of boiled water, drawn and rinse the throat.

Despite the almost complete absence of contraindications to the use of any folk remedy is necessary to consult with your doctor.

prevention

In order to prevent, to prevent the emergence of pharyngitis, you must perform the following actions:

  1. Strengthen the immune system;
  2. Failure of the meal for 1-2 hours before bedtime;
  3. Regularly tempered body;
  4. Humidify air in the room;
  5. Timely change your toothbrush;
  6. Preparations for immunity must appoint a physician;
  7. It is crucial to treat inflammatory diseases of the nasopharynx, sinuses .;
  8. The diet should prevail foods rich in vitamin A, B and C. It promotes a speedy recovery;
  9. During an outbreak, it is desirable to avoid crowded areas. Preventing also includes sanitation foci oral infections - caries, tonsillitis, and others;
  10. Nutrition should be a fraction. Food should be taken at least 3 times a day. To avoid damage to the mucosa should be excluded from the diet acute, smoked, cold foods. Instead of fizzy drinks should be consumed fresh juices or clean drinking water.

These recommendations will help to prevent the development of sore throat and strengthen the immune system.

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