Ureteral stones: symptoms and treatment regimen for women and men

A disease in which ureteral stones are found, is a type of kidney stones called uretrolitiaz. Usually they are oxalates, phosphates and calcium salts, but can have different chemical nature.

Hit the stone from the kidney into the ureter is very dangerous and fraught with the development of a number of serious complications, including internal bleeding, tissue degeneration, the spread of infection, reduction in tone and violation of urinary work channels.

What it is?

Urolithiasis (IBC) - a disease that the main consequence of which is the formation of kidney stones and urinary tract.

This disease has many causes, both external and internal, stones - it's just a consequence of disturbed metabolism in the body. However, to treat her normally begin only when the stones are already being felt, and mainly engaged in this surgery.

Terms of education and types of salt deposits

Ureteral stones are the shifting salt formation of buds, it is very rare - primary education. As a rule, a single calculus, small size. Located in the upper, middle, distal (lower) ureteral segment.

Factors that contribute to stone formation:

• poor nutrition, metabolic diseases;
• urinary outflow obstruction;
• dysfunction of the parathyroid glands;
• urinary tract inflammatory processes of infectious and non-infectious nature;
• small saturation vitamin D, insufficient stay in the open sun;
• chronic dehydration;
• the constant use of the drinking water of high salinity.

Stones are composed of various salts fastened protein substance. Violation of the physico-chemical properties of the urine, forming tendency to precipitate crystals in the precipitation lead to the formation of so-called stone kernel. The basis of this structure may be the accumulation of cellular elements of blood clot, foreign body protein fibrin.

Stones are mobile and immobile. The ability to vizaulizatsii X-ray examination determines if radiopaque, roentgen formations.

Symptoms in Women and Men

If the lumen of the ureter from the kidney gets some calculus, in which case the person almost immediately start to disturb certain symptoms. The degree of severity depends on how much the body is blocked. When complete blockage of the ureter, they expressed very sharply and appear, in these patients have a clinical picture of acute renal failure.

With stones in the ureters are marked symptoms following character:

• severe pain in the lower abdomen, lumbar spine, or ribs;
• fever;
• nausea, vomiting, diarrhea;
• frequent urination;
• high blood pressure;
• headache.

Pain caused by disorder of microcirculation processes in the kidney tissue and the stimulation of nerve endings. They can be aggravated by sharp movements and physical activities. When you hit a stone in the ureter in men and women is often noted irradiation of pain in the area of ​​the external genitalia - the scrotum and penis or the labia majora, respectively.

After contact with the sand into the ureter symptoms are not as strong and can take place in case of spontaneous its elimination. This is because the sand grains have a small size and slightly overlap the flow of urine from the ureter.

What to do and is it dangerous?

Ureteral stones larger than 5 mm is recommended to remove in any case, even if they do not disturb. This is especially true rentgenpolozhitelnyh stones arranged in the upper and middle ureter. Why?

1. The presence of stones in the ureter, sooner or later will cause an attack of renal colic with sharp pains.
2. Slowing of urine flow against the backdrop of the existing obstacles leads to easy connection of the infection and the development of the inflammatory process - pyelonephritis.
3. A stone in the ureter - a barrier to the flow of urine. Even if it causes a partial blockage of the ureter, it may lead to an increase in pressure and expansion of the urinary tract obstruction space above and renal pelvis (hydronephrosis). Hydronephrosis, in turn, can lead to complete destruction of the renal parenchyma.

If the stone size less than 5 mm, no violations urodynamics pain and applies dynamic observation.

Diagnostics

In the presence of the above symptoms, the patient should consult a urologist to pinpoint a diagnosis and find out where the pathology. The first doctor performs palpation. When the stones the patient will feel pain during the procedure.

After inspection appointed diagnostic procedures:

• Analysis for determining the level of pH of urine;
• analysis of blood biochemistry;
• bacteriological sowing of urine;
• Deposit of general analysis of urine, which will show the number of leukocytes, salts, erythrocytes;
• endoscopic examination, which allows to trace how the stone along the ureter;
• identifying the type of the pathogen (for infectious disease);
• research using X-ray machine, which determines the location and shape of the calculus;
• Computer tomography of the kidneys.

Additionally assigned echography, which reveals the structural changes of the internal organs and to define the degree of deviation.

How is the removal of the stone from the ureter?

The process of treatment of this disease depends on the severity of the disease and the size of the stone and can develop in two directions: a conservative or active. The first kind of treatment (conservative expectant) applies in the case of concrements dimensions do not exceed 2-3 mm.

Patient for some time takes special drugs that act on the destructive stones and relieve inflammation and pain.

By means of conservative expectant therapy include:

• uroliticheskie drugs;
• antispasmodics;
• anesthetics;
• physiotherapy;
• diet;
• physiotherapy.

This treatment is used when calculus does not clog ureter channel completely and does not interfere with urination. It may well be that in this case the stone will come out on their own.

Also, in some cases, a so-called endovezikalny treatment when administered drugs that stimulate the stone in the ureter outlet channel. To speed up the promotion of calculus, urinary system can stimulate using an electric current.

Active methods of treating ureteral stones include:

1. Ureterolithotomy - a surgical technique that is used in large stones. Calculus is removed from the ureter directly through its wall cut in the part of the channel where the stone is placed. The patient is under general anesthesia.
2. Ureteroscopy - forced removal of calculus using a special tool - ureteroscope, which is introduced through the genitourinary system directly into the ureter. The doctor removes the calculus with the help of forceps. If necessary, the calculus is broken by a laser fiber. The patient is under partial or general anesthesia.
3. Lithotripsy - Method remote stone crushing into small pieces using different wavelengths (e.g., electromagnetic). Spilled calculus appears in the urine. The procedure lasts about an hour and is often performed without anesthesia. This is one of the most effective and minimally invasive way to deal with stones.

Typically, the surgery can not be avoided in the event that the lumen ureteral calculus corked or has a very large size, and the disease is accompanied by serious complications.

Folk remedies

Print the concretions formed in the kidney or bladder, you can try using folk remedies, however, this can be done only after consultation with a specialist.

1. Assistance with pain syndrome on the background of the disease will compress, which are applied to the lumbar region. You must take 2 tbsp oats and pour 600 ml of water. Put on a small fire, cover.
2. Watermelon seeds ripe be dried and ground to a fine powder. Eat 1 tsp three times a day. Course - not less than 14 days. Well, if a person is in parallel will consume large amounts of watermelon.
3. Dial a bath with warm water well. Before its reception for a while not urinate and drink herbal infusion or decoction having spasmolytic effect. A quarter of an hour the bath admission to help, but not in the toilet, and in any capacity, to ensure that the calculus will be released. This method is well struggling with renal colic.
4. Brew tea based briar root, horsetail, birch buds, seeds, fennel and bearberry. Phyto relieves an attack of renal colic. Drinking a beverage based on vegetable components should be combined with physical activity. You can walk up the stairs, jumping rope, squat.
5. Connect the fresh juice of cucumber, lemon and carrots. A greater effect can be achieved if we add more and juice of black radish. This drink will reduce pain, accelerate the removal of ureteral stones.

Remove the broth is not earlier than one quarter of an hour. After straining should take the segment gauze or any fabric, folded in several spheres, moisten with broth and add it to the back. From above it is necessary to fix a plastic bag or plastic wrap, wrap a warm scarf.

Nutrition and diet

How and how much to eat will tell the physician, but the patient is extremely important to understand that without proper nutrition will be able to cope with the problem. Before and after treatment is recommended to follow a special diet. The patient should be included in the diet of foods that contribute to the dissolution of stones in the ureter. It is recommended to exclude products containing oxalic acid. Such relates cabbage, spinach, parsley, currant, sorrel and others.

The patient should increase in the daily diet of vitamin A, which is contained in a pumpkin, and carrots. It is important to monitor the daily rate of the liquid and drink more than 2 liters of water. When sufficient amount of liquid urine concentration will decline, and salts will not accumulate in the kidney. Particularly strict diet must be observed after removal of stones by surgery.

Prevention of the formation of stones in the ureter

Remove the stones in the ureter is necessary, but this is not enough. In order to prevent recurrence of stone formation requires treatment and prophylaxis of metabolic disorders, pyelonephritis, urostaza. Otherwise, the disease will develop. When you remove the stone should pay attention not only to restore the passage of urine, but also to eliminate stricture, ureteral valves, prostatic hyperplasia, is an anatomical cause of obstruction ureter.

In addition, patients who have revealed ureteral stones, as the stones recommended to prevent formation of diet therapy with a limited amount of fat and salt. Daily fluid intake should be at least 1,5-2-uh liters per day. Also patients for prevention of stones in the ureter recommend taking special fitosborov and resort rehabilitation.