In most hepatic cyst manifested pain in the right subcostal area uncomfortable sensations in the area of the gastrointestinal tract, often manifested asymmetry of the abdomen and disorder stomach.
Diagnosed cystic liver and various etiologies ultrasonic tomographic diagnosis via scanning. Treatment depends on the nature of origin may be radical with the removal of a benign education, palliative treatments, compliance with diet therapy options based on herbs. In this article, we will look at all aspects of cystic liver.
What it is?
Hepatic cyst - a benign formation in organ parenchyma, which has a connection capsule, but inside a transparent liquid. Also inside the thin wall may be so-called leg. Tumor size and may be a few millimeters and a few centimeters (very rare cystic formation above 25 cm).
Causes of cyst formation
Today there is any consensus on the issue of education of liver cysts. The reasons, as stated, can be very diverse. Some scholars are of the opinion that the cyst is formed due to an inflammatory hyperplasia of hepatic biliary tract during embryogenesis and further obstruction. In addition, often considered the link between form cysts and use of hormonal preparations (oral contraceptives, estrogen).
In modern medicine is the prevailing theory that explains the emergence of inter- and intralobular disease aberrant bile ducts, which during development embrialnogo not included on certain causes of biliary system ways. These closed cavities, or rather their secretion leads to accumulation of fluids and their transfer into the hepatic cyst. This theory is supported by the fact that the cysts do not contain bile secretion and formation of cavities with working bile ducts are not reported.
False cysts can be formed due to necrosis of tumors, liver injury, abscess amoebic, parasitic lesion organ echinococcosis.
Classification
Said cavity formation in organ can be parasitic and parasitic nature. In the first case we are talking about the increased activity of echinococcus in the second - about the reasons for non-infectious. Variation of the first growths are:
- Alveokokkovaya. The cause is cestodes producing larvae stage, equally striking the right or left lobe.
- Hydatid. Characteristic of the right lobe parenchymal organ, provoked increased activity tapeworms.
Not parasitic cavity can be congenital or acquired. In the first case, a benign tumor develops in the dysfunction of the bile ducts, modern medicine is called true. In the second case is not excluded traumatic rupture parenchymatous organ with a further characteristic of the formation of tumors. In both cases, treatment is required.
stage
In addition to dividing the acquired and congenital hepatic cysts are also classified according to the degree of the pathological process. Is divided into three stages of cystic:
| stage I | the easiest and generally characterized by a long passage (it may be the entire period until liver and body as a whole still healthy); |
| stage II | characterized by the growth and formation of cysts in her so-called "legs", thereby squeezing the liver tissue occurs. The patient may experience discomfort; |
| stage III | developing quite rare, and usually only in cases where the observed rapid growth of cystic tumors. Up to this point, "live" in the main hepatic cysts parasitic origin. |
symptoms
Clinically, small cysts, both single and multiple, especially when located in different parts organ do not express symptoms bright. Typically, patients are not made any specific complaints. Symptoms appear when the cysts reach large size or their number is greatly increased. The main symptoms in these cases are:
- sense gravity and pressure in the right hypochondrium and epigastric region;
- aching and dull pain in his right side, near the navel and epigastric pain;
- bowel disorder;
- cause nausea, vomiting (often after meals).
For non-specific symptoms may include:
- increase sweating;
- shortness of breath;
- loss of appetite;
- general weakness;
- jaundice, hepatomegaly, sudden weight loss, asymmetry of the abdomen (if the cyst is enormous).
- low-grade fever (in cases where suppuration of the cyst contents process begins).
In rare cases, you can identify the presence of cysts using palpation, however, the main way to diagnose it are the ultrasound and computed tomography.
complications
How dangerous this type of tumor? First of all - the growth. If the cyst of the liver grows and increases the number of tumors, following severe complications can occur:
- bleeding into the abdominal cavity due to the formation fracture;
- suppuration tumor and intoxication of an organism;
- tumor gap with the liquid outlet into the abdominal cavity;
- bleeding into the cavity of the liver;
- at break hydatid cysts parasites may spread a current blood and bile.
Kistoobraznaya tumor has reached enormous proportions, may be accompanied by jaundice, hepatomegaly, excessive thinness. Also an asymmetric increase in the abdomen is observed.
Diagnostics
Cyst liver can be detected by ultrasound. and this happens in most cases. If you suspect a tumor, the doctor is compulsory patient on organ specific studies.
These include:
- CT scan;
- angiography of the celiac trunk;
- magnetic resonance diagnostics to distinguish cysts from hemangiomas. More accurate diagnosis will help get laparoscopy;
- Echography - due to echoes, it is possible to determine the density of the tumor and its contents;
- cyst aspiration, cytological and bacteriological examination of samples;
- scintigraphy - a study based on the introduction of radioactive isotopes for imaging disorders;
- serological blood test to rule out parasitic origin cysts.
Than to treat a cyst in the liver?
liver cysts Treatment may occur as a medication method, and surgical. But drug therapy can not get rid of the cysts in the liver completely. Medications only relieve symptoms.
To treat a cyst in the liver is surgically should be in the event that:
- there are disorders of the digestive process;
- a gap formation wall;
- liver cyst bleeds or it has inflammation;
- there are dynamics of growth of liver cysts. The operation is carried out on the liver, if the cyst has a size of more than 6 cm in diameter, but sometimes doctors decide to operate only at a rate of up to 10 cm;
- not stopping pain during medical treatment.
Sometimes a cyst in the liver affected by puncture. Because the formation of the cavity is removed a certain amount of liquid. This allows you to remove the symptoms and pain. Often, this procedure is carried out before the operation. A sclerosing therapy is also performed in which under the influence of special preparations cyst wall stick together in the liver and it decreases considerably.
The solutions are administered directly into the cystic cavity. This procedure is performed under ultrasound guidance. echenie parasitic cysts of the liver is performed by special antibacterial drugs, but only if the lesion size is small. More often than not - this cyst on the body. In the case where the liver cyst grew to a large size, it should be treated exclusively by surgery.
If hepatic cyst reached a very large size or disease proceeded with complications in the body part (left or right portion) can be removed together with the operation cystic tissue.
Surgical treatment may be carried out according to 3 methods:
- Palliative method. This autopsy liver, cyst thus emptied but it does not remove the capsule.
- Conventionally, a radical method. Removal of cysts is carried out and the affected organ tissues.
- Radical method. Liver cysts are so damaged that require an organ transplant.
Treatment of large cysts, located on the liver, with the help of surgery involves quite favorable forecasts. But sometimes, after palliative surgery may develop recurrences that you want to re-treat.
Nutrition and diet
Patients diagnosed with a cyst of the liver, it is recommended to adhere to a special diet, which involves:
- rejection of fat, smoked and spicy food;
- rejection of canned food;
- limit sweets, coffee and strong tea;
- eating large quantities of fish, lean meats and fresh juices.
Products must be consumed in small portions and often enough. Each patient is recommended to create a personalized meal plan, consult a dietician. Diet for cyst liver must be lifelong.
Adverse effects on the liver has a deficiency in the diet of vitamins. Therefore, after surgery to remove a cyst should eat as much fresh fruit and vegetables as possible and choose the right multivitamin complex. When choosing vitamins is important to consult with your doctor.
Traditional recipes
Folk remedies can be used as an additional method of therapy. But it is recommended to use them only after consultation with your doctor. Uncontrolled consumption of folk remedies can cause a deterioration of the general condition of the patient and the development of dangerous complications.
The most effective folk remedies are based on:
- burdock leaves;
- celandine juice;
- shell pine nuts.
Traditional recipes are effective only in tandem with conventional medicine. The only treatment they have in any case should not.
Prevention and prognosis
As to the end of unknown pathogenesis and causes of disease, specific preventive measures are not designed for people just need to follow some general rules:
- live a healthy life;
- rational to eat;
- take the medication only as prescribed by the clinician and with strict observance of dosage;
- several times a year to pass a full medical examination.
Forecast treatment of neoplasms favorable only in cases of congenital cyst that It does not affect human health, as well as during radical surgery intervention. Complications can lead to death.
