Miscellaneous

Asthma: symptoms, prevention and treatment of asthma

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Bronchial asthma - a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways. This disease is characterized by the manifestation of attacks such as shortness of breath, coughing and asthma attacks. This circumstance is due to excessive airway responsiveness to various stimuli. Thus, in response to the irritation they begin to produce a sufficiently large number of bronchial mucus whose presence interferes with the normal flow of air during respiration.

Ill at any age, but in most cases the first episodes of asthma cases, it is the children (especially under 10 years). Most often occurs in children whose parents suffer from asthma or any other allergic diseases. Approximately one third of patients have to regularly use asthma medication. In 20-25% of patients have severe asthma requiring reception of multiple drugs simultaneously.

What it is?

Bronchial asthma - a chronic inflammatory disease of the respiratory tract with a variety of cellular elements. A key element is the bronchial obstruction (bronchoconstriction), caused by the specific immunological (sensitization and allergy) or non-specific mechanisms, manifested by recurrent episodes of wheezing, breathlessness, feeling of fullness in the chest and cough.

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Causes of

The causes of asthma are as bronchial hypersensitivity to external stimuli, which can be a congenital abnormality or an acquired factor. If a hereditary predisposition or congenital disorders in the body, such asthma is atopic character.

More particularly are the following causes of disease:

  1. Indoor or outdoor dust. At ambient dust lives a great amount of dust mites that trigger the appearance and progression of the disease. In addition, it contains microscopic particles of epidermis, animal hair and other stimuli. Street dust causes an attack in the presence of its pollen of flowering plants or animal hair and other allergens.
  2. Viral and bacterial infections. Asthma in adults can be triggered by a serious illness, such as prolonged bronchitis with obstruction. Viruses and bacteria entering the body, provoke an increase in reactivity bronchial smooth muscle components, which is the cause of asthma.
  3. Work in hazardous environments. Occupational hazard is a common cause of asthma. If a person works in manufacturing, where the air is polluted with dust, constant chemical vapors and other impurities, the disease can manifest itself soon enough. Also disease can develop when operating in areas with cold or hot air without ventilation.
  4. The environmental situation in the place of residence. Wet and cold climate adversely affects the bronchi condition. Also harmful affected by the presence near the place of residence of the industrial enterprises, major highways. Less likely to suffer asthmatic people from the countryside, as well as living in a dry and warm climate.
  5. Medications. Medications may well trigger an attack, and then chronic asthma. Such medicines include aspirin and other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.
  6. Smoking. Almost every smoker can "boast" chronic bronchitis, against which develops and chronic asthma. This is one of the strongest factors supporting the bronchi ongoing inflammatory process.

Also, the appearance of the disease is influenced by heavy physical exertion, coupled with reduced immunity, constant anxiety and stress, illiterate treatment of other diseases.

Stages and forms

Accepted provide 4 stages of asthma:

  • of intermittent (characterized by relatively mild);
  • mild persistence (for moderately);
  • Persistence moderate (Severe);
  • heavy persistence (very severe).

In the early stages of developing seizures are relatively rare and can be quickly cropped. As the progression of acute increasingly less sensitive to drug therapy.

By etiology (origin) are the following forms:

  • exogenous (asthma triggers contact with the allergen);
  • endogenous (attacks are provoked by infection, stress or supercooling);
  • asthma mixed origin.

The special forms are ranked following clinical pathogenetic form:

  • Aspirin (due to reception of salicylates);
  • reflux-induced (in the background of gastroesophageal "reverse casting");
  • night;
  • professional;
  • asthma of physical effort.

Atopic (allergic) asthma - the most common form of disease caused by increased sensitivity of the respiratory system to various allergens. Protective reaction of the immune system to provoke a sharp spasmodic contraction of the muscle cells of the bronchi, t. E. develops bronchospasm. Atopic asthma is separately present embodiment exogenous form. A leading role in its pathogenesis plays a genetic predisposition to allergies.

Symptoms of asthma

Onset of the disease is accompanied by bouts of dry cough, when you exhale the patient experiences difficulties due to narrowing of the lumen of the bronchioles and bronchi (expiratory dyspnea). Cough is usually unproductive, but can be accompanied by the release of a small amount of glassy sputum: clear, without any blood clots or pus.

  • With the development of the disease occur asthma of varying severity: mild, moderate or severe. The forerunners of attack are sometimes profuse watery nasal discharge, sneezing, coughing surface.
  • The characteristic features of asthma attack are short breaths and long exhalations, at which clearly audible wheezing. Thorax in the position of maximum amplitude. In the process of respiration are involved in virtually all possible groups of muscles: the back, the front of the abdominal wall, the shoulder girdle.

When tapping (percussion) above the area detected light box sound, listening - defined multiple dry rales. The end of the attack indicates sputum, viscous consistency. Prolonged, poorly currently treated asthma attacks threaten to develop into one of the most dangerous of the disease - asthmatic condition.

First aid for asthma

When new-onset asthma attacks necessary to call an ambulance to her arrival the patient relief from the close clothing, access cool and moist air, inhalation of humidified air or saline, drinking water fine sips. antihistamines (allergy) can take the means.

To cope with the attack begins asthma inhalers help such as

  • salbutamol,
  • fenoterol (Berotec)
  • terbutaline (brikanil).

Ambulance doctors usually injected drug aminophylline, which relieves the attack in a few minutes. It must be borne in mind that aminophylline tablets begins to act only after half an hour.

Diagnostics

In classic cases of the disease set the correct diagnosis on the basis of the manifestations of an attack of breathlessness it is possible. On examination, the patient's doctor will pay attention to frequent shortness of breath, participation of auxiliary respiratory muscles, nasal flaring, blue skin - cyanosis.

While listening to the lungs will appear weakened breath sounds and a variety of dry whistling wheezing scattered, often audible even from a distance. Moreover, during an attack will show increased blood pressure and rapid pulse.

Treatment of asthma

With the development of asthma drugs used to treat basic therapy affecting the mechanism of the disease by which patients control asthma and symptomatic drugs that affect only the smooth muscles of the bronchial tree and shoot attack.

For drugs symptomatic therapy include bronchodilators:

  • β2-agonists;
  • xanthines.

For drugs include basic therapy

  • Cromones;
  • Inhaled glucocorticosteroids;
  • leukotriene receptor antagonists;
  • monoclonal antibody.

If you do not take the basic therapy, will eventually grow the need for inhaled bronchodilators (symptomatic treatment). In this case, in the case of basic drugs insufficiency dose bronchodilators growth needs a sign of the disease uncontrollable.

Nemedikomentoznye treatments

You need to know that not only drugs can help in a favorable outcome in the treatment of asthma. And periodically must be skillfully used methods such as a wide range of physical therapy procedures (electrophoresis, ultrasound, inductothermy, ultraviolet irradiation).

Efferent methods successfully used whose action is based on the blood passing through certain devices. This changes the quality of the blood. Furthermore, in the outpatient setting and is recommended to apply reflexology specially designed breathing techniques.

Folk remedies

Traditional medicine offers quite a variety of recipes, which are in most cases effective in the treatment of asthma. Appointment of popular techniques - how to use the healing powers of useful herbs. Only acquaint you with some advice of traditional healers.

  • In ½ cup of water dissolve 30 drops of hydrogen peroxide. Drinking in the morning before a meal in 30 minutes. At night, take 1 teaspoon of honey with 1 teaspoon of fat badger.
  • In the treatment of an asthma attack very well to the smoke nettle and mother-and-stepmother. Leaves of Grass should be dry, to burn and inhale the resulting smoke. The attack was withdrawn almost immediately. If you use this tool all the time, it is possible to cure asthma completely.
  • Very useful grass mother and stepmother. Pour half a liter of vodka about 40 sheets of grass. Insist need two weeks in a dark place. This infusion is used as a compress in turn - on the chest (one night), between the shoulder blades (the second night). And so at least 20 packs.
  • Effectively using such infusion: Take 5 sheets plantain, 2 tablespoons of honey, 100 g of rose petals, 0.5 kg of grated raw pumpkin, and fill liter of dry red wine. Herb plantain need to chop. The mixture was put on fire and bring to a boil. Insist one day. Then infusion of strain and take one tablespoon of five times a day.
  • Inhalation useful garlic juice. Mix 1 ml of fresh garlic juice and 3 ml novocaine solution (0.5% solution). On inhalation Take 200 ml of boiling water and 1.5 ml of juice. For best results, you want to spend 10-15 inhalations.

If during exacerbations have a bad cough, then be sure to try to use plantain. You must take one tablespoon of crushed leaves of herbs, pour them a glass of boiling water. The mixture infuse for about 15 minutes. Ready infusion of strain and drink one tablespoon at least 4 times a day.

Diet for asthma

General rules for food of bronchial asthma include several points:

  1. Base Power: nenavaristye Soup, any cereal or vegetable cream dressed with oil, vegetable and fruit salads, not containing forbidden products doctoral hot dogs and sausages, chicken, rabbit, rye bread and bran, cookies (oatmeal, galetnoe), fermented milk products series, drinks (fruit drinks, uzvar, tea, mineral water).
  2. Restricting the use of dishes from flour and baking, sugar and salt, pork, whole milk, sour cream, cottage cheese, semolina;
  3. Diet. The food is taken 4-5 times a day. Avoid overeating. Meals can bake, boil, stew, steamed. Eating fried foods and smoked prohibited. Eat the food should be warm.

Forbidden foods. These include fresh fish dishes, seafood and eggs, fatty meats (duck, goose), honey, beans, tomatoes and sauces based on them, products based on yeast, eggs, strawberries, citrus fruits, raspberries, currants, sweet melons, apricots and peaches, chocolate, nuts, alcohol, coffee in any a.

Is it possible to cure asthma?

It is impossible to answer this question in the affirmative with absolute certainty. With all the effectiveness of treatment methods and the advent of modern medicines to completely eliminate human contact, predisposed to the disease, it is practically impossible.

However, to control the disease and minimize its manifestation is quite possible. Timely treatment, the active prevention of exacerbations, classes available sports, breathing exercises to help get rid of most of the symptoms of the disease.

Can I play sports in asthma?

In this respect from the experts there is no consensus. On the one hand, wrongly chosen sport, physical education classes during exacerbations may provoke bronchospasm, on the other hand - dosed physical load normalize metabolism, enhance immunity and tone muscular system. This is especially important for the growing child's body.

Can I drink alcohol in asthma and coffee?

Alcohol does not directly affect the respiratory system, however, its use causes the development of inflammation, ethyl alcohol toxins adversely affect the status of all systems. In addition, the majority of anti-asthma drugs there is an incompatibility with alcohol.

Do take the army with asthma?

Young men with a history of diagnosis of "bronchial asthma", are not subject to conscription, if the disease is passed to the second or third stage of Development, as the accumulation of mucus in the bronchi, the risk of suffocation attacks when exposed to allergens threatens not only health but also life conscript.

At the first stage of the disease the draft board gives deferment for a year or longer period of time, during which carried out a new survey indicators easy operation. The desire to serve as a conscript, supported by improvements in health can lead to the fact that it offers a lightweight version of service, during which the treatment of asthma will be continued.

The prognosis of asthma

The nature and distant prognosis of the disease are determined by the age when the disease appeared. The vast majority of children with allergic asthma disease is relatively easy, but you may experience heavy forms of bronchial asthma, asthmatic status and expressed even deaths, especially in low dose basal therapy. Distant prognosis of asthma began in childhood, is favorable. Usually by puberty children "grow" from asthma, but they remain a number of disorders of the pulmonary function, bronchial hyperreactivity, variations in immune status. There are cases of unfavorable course of asthma that began in adolescence.

  1. If the disease started in adulthood and old age, the nature of development and forecast it more predictable. The severity of the disease is determined primarily by its shape. Allergic asthma occurs more easily and prognostically more favorable. "Pollen" Asthma is usually milder than the "dust". In cases in the elderly it is noted primarily for heavy, especially in patients with aspirin-induced asthma.
  2. In general, the disease is a chronic and slowly progressive, appropriate treatment can completely eliminate the symptoms, but does not affect the cause. The prognosis for life and disability conditionally favorable with adequate treatment. Periods of remission may last for several years.

In order to assess whether the control of asthma is achieved, you can use the test to control asthma (ACT). In Russia, this test is approved by the Russian Respiratory Society, the Union of pediatricians of Russia, the Russian Association of Allergology and Clinical Immunology. The test is designed for a regular assessment of the state to ensure that there is a need to consult a specialist and change therapy. There is both an adult (12 years old) and a children's version of the test (from 4 to 11 years). Is a few questions based on the answer to that awarded points, the sum indicates the level of disease control.

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