If, however, the trouble has occurred, it is necessary to know how to provide first aid at home with tick bites to reduce the potential hazard to a minimum. It should be remembered that serious infectious disease that is transmitted by ticks, appear later Some time after the bite, and the time of this can vary within a wide range - from several days to a few weeks. It was not until two months after the tick bite any unpleasant symptoms do not appear, it can be argued that the danger had passed.
Tick bite insidious that is often detected at once, because by itself it does not cause any sensations, all the troubles begin later. Typically, a person finds himself in the stuck tick - bite can last from 15 minutes to several hours.
First aid for the bite of a tick
The first thing that needs to be done to provide first aid in the home is to remove the tick. This should be done very carefully, trying not to crush the insect, as in this case, the risk of infection increases many times.
To extract the tick can use medical forceps, special devices sold in pharmacies, or loop, self-made from the skin. Insect need to try to capture closer to the head, slowly removing, pull perpendicular to the skin, while making swaying or slightly rotating (unscrewing) movement.
Extracted mite must be placed in a small glass container with water, provided with a tightly fitting lid.
After first aid and managed to remove the insect completely washed the wound with soap and water, then treated with an antiseptic has been provided. If the tick proboscis broken off and left in the skin, it should not be to pick out, after a while - it usually takes a few days - he will himself. The bite is treated the same way.
Contrary often described by the so-called national methods, can not drip onto the tick with oil, alcohol or any other liquid, and burn it with the fact that he disrupted breathing, and he alone disappeared. In this case, an extremely high risk of infection, because the violation of breathing insect releases the wound saliva, which is likely, contains a large number of pathogens.
See also: Symptoms of tick bites in humans and possible consequences.
What to do with the extracted mite?
If you are in an area where there are cases of tick-borne encephalitis virus or other infectious diseases, tick-borne - that immediately after first aid, you must include the extracted insect in the laboratory on analysis. Addresses of laboratories in Russia can be found in Rospotrebnadzor.
Typically, research results are ready on the same day or the next, and a decision on further action depending on them. If the opportunity to carry on the analysis of the tick is not present, then it is necessary to observe the state of health of the victim. In the event that signs of inflammation at the site of the bite disappear within 1-2 days, the chance of developing a disease is considered to be minimal. However, if for 2 days at the site of the bite are redness and swelling, and even more so if they increase, you must consult your doctor immediately. Within 10 days after the bite should measure and record body temperature.
Increasing the temperature during this period may indicate the onset of an infectious disease, in this case also need to seek medical help.
The symptoms and treatment of diseases caused by mowing mite
Thus, we consider the symptoms and treatment of major diseases caused by tick bite.
Lyme borreliosis
Lyme disease (Lyme disease) is the most common infectious disease carried by ticks in the northern hemisphere. In Russia it is found in the forest-steppe zone of Sakhalin to Kaliningrad. The most common and visible symptom of borreliosis - redness at the site of the tick bite (erythema), that usually is not available until a week after the bite. Redness increases in size, and can reach several tens of centimeters in diameter. However, the center can lighten and redness take the form of a ring. If the redness appeared at the time of the bite then this is probably not a manifestation of borreliosis, as a reaction to a tick bite.
The first signs:
- headache;
- pain in joints and muscles;
- chills;
- Body temperature increase;
- vomiting;
- pain, itching and redness at the site of the bite.
Risk of Lyme disease is manifested in the fact that the signs of infection can only occur in a few months after the bite. During this time, in the body there will be irreversible.
The disease occurs in several stages:
Stage 1. The main indicator is the bite, it swells and becomes dense (papules). It is a few days expands and becomes like a ring - in the center of the skin lighter than the edges (see. photo above). And the rim of the ring becomes swollen and as if lifted.
2 stage occurs if treatment is not followed. It suffers from the nervous system, joints and heart-stricken. Amazed, can be any body, because the infection is in the blood and spreads throughout the body.
3 step can last for months or even years. Major disease in the third step:
- skin lesions (atrophic acrodermatitis);
- nerve damage (encephalopathy, encephalomyelitis, polyneuropathy);
- juvenile rheumatoid arthritis.
borriolioza Treatment consists of hospitalization of the victim. In the first step being prescribed:
- Tetracycline (antibiotic tetracycline);
- biostatiki (Chloramphenicol or lincomycin);
- polyglucin;
- Rheopolyglucin.
If there is a neurological syndrome, his cropped piperacillin or azlocillin.
If treatments are not started in time, not be ruled out in death.
In some cases prescribed Benzylpenicillin, which is administered intravenously or intramuscularly.
Sometimes during the treatment and the use of many types of drugs, some of them can not come to the human body, and subsequent allergic reactions. When the allergy is further discharged:
- chloramphenicol;
- clarithromycin;
- erythromycin;
- Sumamed.
tick borne encephalitis
tick borne encephalitis - is a viral infection characterized by fever, intoxication and brain lesions, and sometimes the spinal cord. The disease can cause persistent neurological and psychiatric complications and even death of the patient. Traditional areas of distribution of tick-borne encephalitis - Siberia, the Urals, the Far East. At the same time, cases of infection are found in central Russia, the North-West region, the Volga region. In the European part of our country the incidence ranged from 0.02 to 8 cases per 100,000 population in the Moscow region the figure at the lower boundary.
The main symptoms
- weakness in the limbs;
- Body temperature increase;
- fever (temperature fluctuation);
- nausea;
- numbness of the face and neck;
- their sleep (insomnia);
- severe headaches;
- mucosal inflammation (conjunctivitis).
Tick-borne encephalitis is easily confused with the flu, that he is dangerous. The symptoms are very similar. The person can not correctly diagnose the disease and while not to see a doctor, time will be lost.
It is important to start treatment in the first hours after the bite. 12-14 hours there is a weakness and chills, infection has struck lymph.
Next step: the impact on the nervous system. Treatment of tick-borne encephalitis is in compliance with pastel mode. In the first two days is required to take the drug "human immunoglobulin".
Also affected prescribe the following drugs:
- ribonuclease;
- prednisolone;
- blood substitutes, the main increases blood reserve and eliminates acidosis (Hemodez, Poliglyukin and Reopoligljukin)
- ascorbic acid
- B vitamins in pills.
There is a risk of meningitis. The most favorable outcome during infection encephalitis is a chronic ailment. victim's body can recover itself after 2 months. If the infection has had time to hit the cells of the nervous system, then there comes paralysis of the legs, arms. Possible deafness or blindness, brain inflammation, in severe cases, death.
Tick-borne encephalitis is more dangerous than Lyme disease, but the risk of contracting Lyme disease after a tick bite is much higher than the tick-borne encephalitis.
How long is healing bite
tissue regeneration depends on the individual characteristics of the affected person. Patients with rapid recovery may no longer experience discomfort from the wound after 2-3 days. But there are cases when a bump from the effects of the tick is held during the month.
Normally the bite should be overgrown with a maximum of 2 weeks. There should be observed increased redness of the affected area, suppuration, heating. All this - the signs of infection. When the first symptoms should see a doctor.
If the wound does not heal for more than two weeks, the case can be in one of the following reasons:
- Hinders healing of the tick remains in the body (head or proboscis).
- The patient is constantly combing the wound. Itching occurs against a background of an allergic reaction or of infection.
- Developed inflammation. In the background slowed down the process of regeneration. At the site of the wound may be an ulcer or ulcer, which dries very long time.
In all cases, you should consult a doctor. He will remove any remnants of the parasite from under the skin and the wound healing process the composition or prescribe therapy directed against allergic reactions and inflammation.
Vaccination
Currently, there are four vaccines in Russia for immunization against tick-borne encephalitis, two - and two domestic production - import.
All four vaccine prepared by tick-borne encephalitis virus reproduction in the weighted primary chick embryo cell structure, and also contain as an adjuvant aluminum hydroxide. This means that great care must be taken to them for those who suffer allergies, and persons with neurological diseases in history.
Other common contraindications are pregnancy, acute disease, and chronic in acute stage. The vaccine "EntseVir", which was mentioned above, is contraindicated in asthmatics, diabetics, patients cardiovascular and endocrine diseases, blood diseases and connective tissue, rheumatism, epilepsy.
Prevention of tick bites
In order to prevent, especially in areas conducive to infection encephalitis borrioliozom, ehrlichiosis or tick typhus, vaccination is the most effective.
There are two schemes vaccination; Standard and Expedited:
- The standard scheme is as follows: the first dose of the vaccine is put on the appointed day, and a second dose after 5-7 months. There are vaccines with shorter intervals, to three months. In order to be ready for the peak tick, putting the first dose in the autumn.
- Express scheme differs from the standard timing between doses. The time between injections is reduced from two months to 14 days. Repeat vaccination costs in a year, then the time between vaccine boosters increased to 3 years.
Another security measure is clothes, the walk and the means for protection against insects:
- Ticks do not like the sun and heat, so the activated mainly in the morning and in the evening.
- Clothing, as mentioned earlier, should be as closed and a light to immediately draw attention to the presence of the mite.
- If you plan to travel to the forest, you need to take care of their safety and the safety of loved ones. The head must be covered with a scarf or a hat, jacket / sweater to be a deaf-necked and better hooded, long pants. These security measures at times will reduce the possibility of tick bites.
- When planning a walk in the woods is better not to forget about such methods of protection against insects as the use of aerosols, e.g. Breeze anti-mite (aerosol) medelis-comfort (spray for children), gardex-extrime (spray can).
- After completion of the walk you need to examine things and head for the absence of ticks.
Particular attention should be paid to children, the purity of their skin, and also in closed areas of the body.
