Tick ​​bite: symptoms in humans (photo), and the effects of prevention

Not many people know what it looks like the bite of a tick, in humans the symptoms of which are rather specific. Mites are not insects. They are arachnids.

The risk to humans that mites can be carriers of pathogens of various diseases such as tick-borne encephalitis virus. A person can deal with ticks everywhere (at the cottage in the garden, in the park in the city, in the forest). Diseases carried by these organisms are called transimissivnymi. Most often, spider bites man in the spring and summer seasons. At this time their activity is highest.

How does the tick bite and what symptoms may occur during infection of human vector-borne diseases?

Where and when is likely to get a bite?

The greatest risk of contracting a serious disease from a tick bite exposed to people living in endemic disease areas, as well as those who visited these areas during the special activity of ticks - from May to mid-June and from late August to late September.

But the risk of being attacked by mites preserved all the warm season when you visit almost any forested areas, parks and other areas where there is grass and shady shelter. Get a tick bite can be even at his dacha, or at a local area of ​​his private home, if there is not mowed grass.

The maximum number of bites of infected ticks in Siberia recorded annually in the Urals and the Volga region. However, a considerable number of persons bitten annually applies for medical assistance in virtually all regions of Russia, including the Crimea and the Caucasus.

How does a person tick bite?

Tick ​​bite in humans (see. photo) can often manifest itself in different ways. It looks like a tick bite in his usual manifestation? The most innocuous manifestation is a slight redness around the site where he was discovered by arthropod or no residue on the skin, except for a small hole in the place where the proboscis.

The bite may be slightly inflamed. Also, you may receive an allergic reaction provoked by the saliva and available to microtrauma of the skin. Tick ​​bite in humans and can cause a dangerous reaction of the skin.

It is easy enough to recognize the location of the tick bite a person infected with Lyme disease. The area around the bite reminiscent of erythema. The spot can be increased in diameter to an average of 15-20 cm. Sometimes the red spot can reach and 60 cm, covering not only the bite, but also a significant part of the body. Stain in this case may have any shape. A characteristic feature of the tick bite, Lyme disease had undergone - the emergence of a distinct border around the bloody spots on the skin. The entire central part of the spot takes on a whitish or unhealthy, bluish color.

In addition to an allergic reaction, the parasites can infect human dangerous diseases. In most cases, the effects of a tick bite are unpredictable. Not all parasites are carriers of dangerous pathologies. The earlier remove bloodsucker, the lower the risk of infection with different pathologies.

Symptoms of allergic reactions to the bite of the tick

Allergy occurs in response to entering the wound tick saliva. The individual response of the body depends on the state of health in general. Heavier flow effects of tick bites have allergies, children, the elderly and people with weakened immune systems. Remove moderate allergic reaction by using antihistamines.

Common allergy symptoms:

• nausea;
• dizziness,
• weakness;
• drowsiness;
• aches in the joints;
• headache;
• temperature rise;
• itching and rash at the bite area and in other parts of the body.

Anaphylactic shock can occur when a strong adverse reaction, which is preceded by:

• difficulty breathing;
• hallucinations;
• angioedema (Rapid and massive swelling of the face, throat or limbs);
• loss of consciousness.

Anaphylaxis can be docked via administration of prednisolone and adrenalin. If the symptoms after a tick bite indicate a severe allergic reaction, needs urgent call an ambulance, or possible death.

The consequences of the tick bite for man

In the worst situation, the tick can infect human infections such:

1. Hemorrhagic fever. Is an infectious disease that is caused by a virus. Signs of infection include: intoxication, onset of fever, bruising, changes in the blood of the patient. Experts distinguish between the Crimean and Omsk fever. With timely treatment to the doctor a favorable prognosis. Treatment consists of reception antiviral medication, vitamins, which strengthen the receptacles;
2. tick borne encephalitis. Is a viral disease, the main symptoms include: hyperthermia, intoxication, damage to the central nervous system (meningitis, encephalitis). The consequences of current illness include: neurological disorders, which lead to a change in personality, in some cases - to disability, even death. The first signs of the disease are observed in the first seven days, you need to deal with the prevention of a few days after the bite;
3. Lyme disease or Lyme disease. Is an infectious disease of bacterial origin. Total intoxication accompanied by a sharp rise in temperature, a headache, constantly migrating rash, fatigue. The bacteria capable of infecting human organs and systems (especially - the nervous and musculoskeletal, cardiovascular). Late aid leads to disability.

Considering all the danger of tick bites to humans, be sure to pay attention to such trouble, visit the doctor as needed.

Symptoms of tick-borne encephalitis

The incubation period TBE can last from 4 to 14 days. During this period, infection is not observed any external health problems. Then abruptly the temperature rises to 38-39 ° C, the patient's fever, loss of appetite, there is pain in the muscles and eyes, nausea or vomiting, severe headache.

Then, into remission, during which the patient feels some relief. This is the second phase of the disease, during which attacks the nervous system. Subsequently may develop meningitis, encephalitis, paralysis. Untreated likely fatal.

The problem is that the symptoms of the disease in an early stage often confused with influenza and respiratory diseases, however are not turning to the doctor, and self-medicate. When a high temperature after the detected or suspected tick bite can not lose time - required blood analysis and patient treatment.

The symptoms of borreliosis

If you are bitten by a tick borreliosis carrier, the bite takes the form of specific erythema, which is gradually increased up to 10-20 cm, and sometimes up to 60 cm in diameter. Erythema spot can be circular, oval or irregularly shaped. The victim may experience burning, itching and pain at the site of the bite, but often the first signs of erythema limited to only one.

After some time on the spot contour formed deep red border, and the border itself looks a little swollen. In the center of erythema it becomes a pale white or cyanotic. After a few days in the area of ​​the bite formed crust and the scar that disappear in about 2 weeks.

The incubation period before the onset of symptoms varies from a few days to 2 weeks. Then comes the first stage of the disease, which lasts from 3 to 30 days. During this period, the patient is experiencing aching muscles, headache, weakness, fatigue, sore throat, runny nose, stiffness of the neck muscles, nausea. Then for a while the disease may go into a latent form to a few months, during which affects the heart and joints.

Unfortunately, erythema is often mistaken for a local allergic reaction, without attaching much importance to it. A malaise during the first stages of the disease blamed on cold or overwork in operation. Illness flows in a latent form, and openly declares itself in a few months when he suffered severe damage to the body.

What should I do if bitten by a tick?

Since the probability of contracting dangerous infections increases significantly with prolonged contact with the human body tick, the main thing that you need to do - is to delete the arthropod. But to carry out the removal process should be correct, so as not to crush or damage the tick as well can further contribute to infection. In addition, the tick is possible and even necessary to examine in the laboratory to contagiousness fact, and for that he should remain intact.

Therefore, if you remove ticks skills there, but it is possible, it is best to contact the nearest health facility where qualified to hold the extraction of arthropod and give recommendations for further actions. In addition, ask all questions regarding the tactics of behavior in the presence of, please call 103 (calling an ambulance) to the body of the tick.

How can I remove the tick yourself?

Remove the tick is best special device, which is sold in pharmacies. This may be a "lasso-pen" Twister YUNIKLIN LIC etc. If you are not near the pharmacy, you can use an ordinary cosmetic tweezers or a sewing thread.

The person who will remove the tick should be sure to take care of their own safety - wear rubber gloves or wrap the bandage fingers. It is also desirable to prepare in advance a plastic container with a lid or a plastic bag for mite (so it can be safely transported to the laboratory).

Samu removal procedure must be carried out as follows:

• Grasp arthropod or special forceps device as close to the proboscis (this part of the animal body is in skin). If you are using a thread from it should make a loop that needs to be carefully implemented to tighten the skin on the head of the tick.
• Gently pull up. This is not to put more effort from them tick can simply burst, and all of its contents will fall on the skin and into the wound. In addition, the proboscis is an arthropod with a sharp jerk remains in the wound, because of this inflammation can occur and even fester.
• After removal of the tick wash the skin with soap and water and treat any medium containing alcohol. The overlaying need no dressing. If the skin remained head arthropod, should try to remove it with a sterile needle from the body like a splinter.

After removing the tick, it is desirable to do the following:

1. Mark on your calendar the date when it happened.
2. Call your GP or family doctor to explain the situation and ask about the necessity and timing of blood tests and conduct some preventive measures (in some cases, to prevent the development of tick-borne encephalitis affected by tick bites administered immunoglobulins administered antivirals and etc.).
3. Take the tick to the laboratory. Laboratory information can be found on the website of Rospotrebnadzor of the region.

Be sure to visit your doctor in the following cases:

1. If there are any signs of inflammation in the area of ​​the bite (swelling, redness, etc.).
2. If in the interval from 3 to 30 days after being bitten on the skin appeared red spots.
3. If the body temperature increased, there was a pain in the muscles, unmotivated weakness, and other unpleasant symptoms (these signs are especially important to monitor during the first 2 months after the bite).

Where to go for symptoms of tick bite a person?

When the tick bites need to follow a special algorithm. The first step is to remove the tick. Then pass it to a special accredited laboratory. This will reveal his infectious agents. A study performed by PCR directly in the body of the tick. A person must donate blood for antibodies. After bites can cause serious consequences. The victim is recommended to undergo treatment on the basis of laboratory studies. When symptoms klesa bite a person needs to know where to go.

Where it is possible to hand over the tick and how to test it. It is necessary to find a hospital, which is engaged in such research. Address and phone numbers of laboratories can be found on the Internet. Just visit the site ukrpotrebnadzora. In fact, take the tick should be in every hospital where there is a laboratory. Most importantly, the study carried out for free! This information should be clarified. The results are available on the date of the tick or the next day.

Listed below are the laboratories where you can drop the tick on the analysis in Moscow and Moscow region, there are conducting research on encephalitis, Lyme disease and other infections.

1. FBUZ "of Moscow City Center for Hygiene and Epidemiology": m. Alekseevskaya Count Lane, Building 4 (entrance from the yard, 2nd floor). Phone: 8 (495) 785-37-41
2. Branch «Center of Hygiene and Epidemiology in Moscow": m Street 1905 Krasnogvardeyskiy Boulevard, Building 17, Building 1.. Phone: 8 (499) 256-24-40
3. Institute of Poliomyelitis and Viral Encephalitis: MO, Vnukovo, Moscow village. Phone: 8 (498) 540-90-96
4. Children's Clinical Hospital №13 Filatov:. M Barrikadnaya, Sadovaya-Kudrinskaya Street, Building 15. Phone: 8 (499) 254-52-92
5. Infectious Clinical Hospital №2:. M Falcon mountain, 8th Street Mount Falcon, Building 15. Phone: 8 (495) 366-84-68

If you are afraid of their own to extract the tick, refer to the emergency room, where he will pull out a professional and will treat the wound. There you specify in which laboratory can carry the tick.

Prevention of bites and other recommendations

Probability mites attack on a person depends on:

• epidemiological welfare of the territory of residence;
• profession associated with the frequent finding in the forest, field;
• the probability of visiting disadvantaged in terms of tick-borne infections places.

Prevention of the consequences associated with tick bite, is based on:

• vaccination, but it is a preventative measure, it can not be used with human infection;
• specific immunotherapy - this medical event (immunoglobulin only when infected or suspected of being infected after being bitten);
• health insurance for the purpose of payment of possible treatment;
• use special clothing and accessories to prevent the mites on the body;
• applying means to repel, kill mites;
• Restrictions on the number of mites in the habitats, places people are likely to remain.

Recommendations regarding the selection of vaccine

Vaccination greatly reduces the risk of disease, it is indicated for all people living in disadvantaged regions, and those professionally involved with the forest (drillers, geologists, surveyors, foresters). At the request of the vaccination can be done to anyone who is interested in it, in the absence of contraindications.

Primary vaccination is possible with the first year of a child's life, and then at any age. Adults can be vaccinated domestic and imported drugs, children better than imported. In Russia, are six variants of the four vaccine manufacturers from Russia, Germany and Switzerland.

Vaccine against tick-borne encephalitis Russian production:

• Concentrated inactivated vaccine is shown to be used from three years of age and older;
• Entsevir (EnceVir), Russia, shown with eighteen years of age or older.

Vaccine against tick-borne encephalitis from Switzerland:

• FSME-immune Junior (FSME-Immun Junior), shown with one to sixteen years of age;
• FSM-immune Inject (FSME-Immun Inject), similar indications.

Vaccine against tick-borne encephalitis made in Germany:

• Entsepur children (Encepur Children), is shown with twelve months to eleven years;
• Entsepur adult (Encepur adult), illustrated with twelve years of age or older.

Two schemes of vaccination: prophylactic and emergency:

• Preventive vaccination provides protection against ticks within the first year, and after re-vaccination - a period of three years. Repeated vaccinations are carried out every three years.
• Emergency vaccination provides short protective effect. Indication - urgent trip to the disadvantaged regions of encephalitis.

Vaccination is carried out after preliminary survey patient for allergic reactions, clinical examination, thermometry. People with health problems to vaccination is not tolerated. Contraindications and limitations.

In Russia produced "human immunoglobulin against tick-borne encephalitis", produced by NPO FSUE "Microgen". Ready to use preparation contains antibodies to viral encephalitis. Administered intramuscularly to treat, usually after infection or at risk of infection. The dose and frequency of administration can be obtained from your doctor.

Recommendations on insurance costs related to the treatment of tick-borne encephalitis

Insurance should be recommended as an adjunct to vaccination or as the sole measure of the impossibility of vaccination. Insurance against tick-borne encephalitis is carried out in the framework of LCA - voluntary medical insurance. Payments are provided to compensate for the expensive treatment costs borne encephalitis and other similar infections. When choosing insurance programs and insurance companies need to pay attention to:

• the presence of the insured permits for execution of LCA;
• cost of services and the VHI insurer's reputation;
• availability of documents for provision of curative and preventive care, or a contract with a person authorized to provide such assistance on behalf of the insurer;
• clock availability of toll-free telephone line emergency advice.

Recommendations for the use of means to deter and kill mites

For these purposes it is possible to apply repellents and acaricides.

Repellents repel ticks and insects - these funds are suitable for use on exposed parts of the body and clothing processing. Active ingredient - DEET (diethyl toluamide).

The formulations of repellents:

• Gull-RET - spray;
• Raptor - spray;
• DEET-prof - spray;
• Ultratone (Ultraton) US - lotion, spray;
• Biban (CZ) - spray;
• DEFI Taiga - solution, pencil, lotion, emulsion, aerosol, balm, cream, gel;
• Extreme off - spray;
• Breeze anti-mite - spray.

Acaricides (kill mites) - have only contact action. Apply them to be exclusively for the processing of outerwear fabrics and protivokleschevoy processing areas and space! Modern miticides are made based on permethrin and alphacipermetrin:

• Raftamid taiga - spray, which can be treated protivoentsefalitny suit, dry it and worn over underwear, having long sleeves and pants. Acaricidal effect persists until 10-15 days;
• Picnic anti-mite - spray, apply the same;
• Tetriks (concentrate), - a liquid suitable for processing bytovok is discharged in bottles of 0.25 liters and 1 liter cans and 5 l;

The sale can be found acaricide, recommended for application to the skin. But they should be used carefully - possible allergies, poisoning.

Recommendations for the destruction of habitats and ticks in places people are likely to remain

To prevent the spread of ticks should be regularly:

• brush bush, remove fallen leaves (mites lose their own moisture in the sun, and restore the balance in damp shelters);
• kill small rodents - prokormiteley mites (pathogen circulation in wildlife - a natural source of infection);
• mowing the grass on a plot (mites guard sacrifice in grass, typically at a height of 0.6 m, maximum height - 1.5 meters; in the fasted state mites live from two to four years, according to some reports up to seven years; Development from egg to adult - imago takes two to three years or more);
• conduct processing places likely concentration mites (ticks middle band move within 5-10 meters, the south - 100 meters, guided via receptors are concentrated along the trails, forest edges - in places of probable contact with the victim).

Protivokleschevye processing based on the knowledge of the biology of ticks, effective at the annual meeting. In many regions there are organizations conducting disacaridisation, deratization, disinfestation, implementing techniques for cutting grass, chemical products for protivokleschevye treatments.