Mycoplasmosis women: Symptoms, photo, treatment, complications

Mycoplasmosis - a disease that takes the form of infection that affects the urogenital area. Women suffer urogenital mycoplasmosis 2 times more often than men. The causative agent - celled prokaryotic organism, the smallest bacterium that lives in the natural environment and in the human body. There is a great variety of them, 40 species are common in soil and on plants and animals. Mycoplasmas are the smallest known single-celled organisms.

Considered opportunistic and pathogenic, that is in essence are pathogenic and cause under certain conditions, a sufficiently serious diseases. Some species of mycoplasmas are parasites in the human body and can cause respiratory diseases, musculoskeletal system, endocrine system. This bacterial species such as Mycoplasma (causes respiratory disease) gominis mycoplasma, ureaplasma ureolitikum, Mycoplasma genitalium.

What it is?

Mycoplasmosis - inflammatory infectious disease that develops when the reproduction of mycoplasmas, the smallest known bacteria. They live in a variety of organisms, including humans and animals.

Mycoplasmas have its own cell wall, only the membrane, due to which easily attach to the epithelial cells of the genitourinary, respiratory system and to the sperm. Also affects the joints and the mucous eye, can cause autoimmune reactions (allergy to the body's own tissues).

Causes

In humans, the parasite 11 species of mycoplasmas, but to provoke the development of the disease can only Mycoplasma genitalium, Mycoplasma pneumonia and Mycoplasma hominis. To this day there are discussions among scientists on the pathogenicity of these microorganisms, and so long as There is no single answer, under any circumstances, Mycoplasma causes of disease.

According to many authors microorganism itself is not dangerous, as it may not only be a parasite, but saprophyte and is often found in perfectly healthy people.

The main causes of the disease include:

1. Oral, genital or anal sexual contact;
2. Vertical transmission of infection from an infected mother to fetus through the placenta;
3. Passage through an infected birth canal.

It should be noted that the contact-household transmission is today excluded from the possible.

symptoms

Despite the fact that Mycoplasma hominis and Ureaplasma urealyticum is often detected in the urogenital tract of absolutely healthy people, they can cause a clinically significant inflammation.

Symptoms of mycoplasma in women (see. photo) are nonspecific. It is not possible only on the basis of the survey and inspection of the diagnosis "mycoplasma infection." Nor is it possible, relying only on symptoms distinguish ureaplazmennogo defeat against infections that cause other mycoplasma.

Diseases caused by bacteria of the genus Mycoplasma, can also be caused by many other agents. The most common mycoplasma infection has to be distinguished from chlamydial and gonococcal.

Ureaplasma and mycoplasma in women can cause the following conditions:

• urethritis (Only Ureaplasma urealyticum);
• pyelonephritis, cystitis;
• inflammation of the uterus with appendages (Mycoplasmahominis and Mycoplasma genitalium);
• urolithiasis (Only Ureaplasma urealyticum);
• endometritis.

When the spread of the infection outside the genitourinary tract may develop arthritis, pneumonia, meningitis. It is also believed that along with the Gardnerella vaginalis bacterium Mycoplasma hominis plays an important role in the development of symptoms bacterial vaginosis.

Mycoplasmosis and pregnancy

Mycoplasmosis during pregnancy can lead to infection of the endometrium and ovum, startup generation of substances that increase the contractile activity of the myometrium (muscular layer of the uterus).

The result is a missed abortion and miscarriage in the early stages. Danger - incomplete abortion, when the uterus remains of the fetus or membranes. Foreign body uterus reacts first contractions, and then - full relaxation; starts bleeding heavily, she quickly loses consciousness. Without intensive medical care possible death.

Diagnostics

Diagnostic measures to detect infections provoked by mycoplasma, consist of several methods:

1. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Based on this molecular genetic diagnosis can be up to 95% detect mycoplasma. For this assay are blood, mucus, urine or urogenital epithelial scrapings. The main disadvantages of this method is its high cost due to the attraction of the study highly skilled professionals and a lack of opportunities to determine the sensitivity of mycoplasmas antibiotics.
2. Culture. Investigated urine or mucosa of the patient with a smear, are in a special medium with nutrients which support the vital activity of mycoplasmas. This accurate analysis giving the definition does not only mean micro-organisms, but also to check their resistance to antibiotics. The negative point of the method is that it is necessary for a long time to grow colonies of bacteria. There are difficulties with the transcript of the research results. For example, healthy women, too, have a mycoplasma, a swab from the vagina will show its presence. It is important to understand and appreciate the values ​​and norms of a pathological condition. Normal rate in 1 ml of the biological material to be above 10 in the fourth degree.
3. Examinations by pelvic ultrasound, kidney, bladder. Thus it detected as involved in the "capture" process all urogenital system infections.
4. Direct immunofluorescence. In carrying out this method, the test antibodies in the laboratory diagnostic kit comprise complexes with antigens of microorganisms. They are defined as green dots by fluorescence microscope. The disadvantage is considered the possibility of subjective evaluation of the operator conducting the analysis.

As more research is clinical blood tests prior to treatment and final periods can be assigned. For the correct diagnosis is not required to subject the patient to all of the above methods. Enough of one or two to get an accurate result.

How to cure a mycoplasmosis?

Identification of mycoplasma without the presence of inflammatory pathologies and symptoms is not an indication for pharmaceuticals.

In determining inflammatory diseases of urogenital organs and their alleged connection with this bacterium, mycoplasma treatment of women spend the following medications:

1. Antibiotics. Selected drugs with intracellular activity, e.g., Sumamed or other macrolides.
2. Immunostimulants (interferon, Siberian ginseng, ginseng, and others.).
3. Irrigation of the vagina with an antiseptic solution.
4. Physiotherapy.

In chronic forms of the presence of complications and prescribed several antibiotics from different groups.

prevention

For prevention it is necessary to follow some preventive measures:

• when planning pregnancy should be screened for genital infections and in identifying required to treat them;
• it is recommended to visit the gynecologist at least once a year, even in the absence of any complaints;
• When in doubt, in the sexual partners of the need to use a condom;
• should give up casual sex and to have one partner;
• you must follow the state of immunity and improve it if necessary;
• timely take care of STIs.

Mycoplasmosis often occurs without the appearance of characteristic symptoms, which creates difficulties in its early diagnosis. In the event that after the laboratory tests showed the woman a gynecological disease, it must necessarily treat. Mycoplasmosis is especially dangerous during pregnancy because it can cause premature birth and various complications in children.