Launched pathological process leading to infertility and other disorders in the male reproductive system. That is why the treatment of gonorrhea in men requires a comprehensive, responsible and competent approach.
Story
Gonococcus causes inflammation of the mucous membranes of almost all on the genitals in men, which is accompanied by a purulent discharge. Plus a few subjective feelings - a burning sensation in the genital area, pain when urinating.
disease name - "gonorrhea" - was proposed in the II century BC. e. physician Galen, it meant "semyatechenie", that is, it was a mistake. However, the term is firmly entrenched in the medical dictionary, although there are other names of the disease: in Russia - fracture, Germany - gonorrhea, France -blennoreya.
Currently Gonorrhea is one of the most common STDs. In the world of sick about 150-180 million annually. man, which is 2-3 times lower than the real figures.
gonorrhea
Gonorrhea is caused by gonococcus. If gonococcal study under a microscope, the shape it resembles coffee beans. Around gonococci has a formation in the form of capsules, by which they are not touching each other.
In analyzes of male patients with acute gonorrhea, Neisseria gonorrhoeae is the majority within white blood cells. So gonokokk hides from the immune system.
Gonococci often captured by other pathogens of STDs, such as trichomonas. Gonokokki of these trichomonads may also cause reactivation of gonorrhea. This often happens when the patient is trying to self-treat any inflammation urethra without knowing that antibiotics do not act on Trichomonas and incapable Trichopolum kill the gonococcus.
Classification
According to the intensity of the disease:
- Acute gonorrhea - signs of inflammation are expressed clearly.
- Subacute - erased symptoms of the disease.
- Torpid (sluggish) - Subjective symptoms are absent, but gonokokk detected by laboratory methods.
- Latent (carriage) - gonorrhea have no symptoms, the pathogen can be isolated by laboratory methods with difficulty.
According to the time elapsed from the moment of infection:
- Fresh gonorrhea (duration of flow - up to 2 months).
- Chronic gonorrhea (duration of the disease more than 2 months).
Localization men distinguish gonococcal:
- Urethritis - inflammation of the urethra (the urethra).
- Balanitis (balanoposthitis) - gonococcal defeat of the glans and the inner layer of the foreskin.
- Epididymitis - gonorrhea epididymis.
- Orchitis - inflammation of the testicle.
- Prostatitis - gonorrhea prostate.
- Vesicles - gonorrheal defeat of the seminal vesicles.
- Some other forms.
- Extragenital gonorrhea:
- proctitis,
- pharyngitis, tonsillitis,
- conjunctivitis (ophthalmia adults)
- Arthritis - gonococcal joint disease,
- endocarditis - inflammation of the inner lining of the heart,
- peritonitis, meningitis, sepsis, etc. - men can only occur with a strong decrease in immunity and bactericidal properties of blood change.
Gonorrhea often occurs together with other infections that masks its manifestations, such as:
- chlamydia,
- mycoplasmosis,
- syphilis,
- ureaplazmozom,
- trichomoniasis,
- viral diseases.
symptoms
On the first clinical manifestations of the disease man realizes 3-7 days after infection, such incubation period of gonorrhea. At high body resistance to pathogens of various diseases of the first signs may disturb the patient only after a couple of weeks. Disease characterized by two forms of flow: acute and chronic.
In acute gonorrhea patient concerned:
- Discharge of mucus and pus:
- Unpleasant burning sensation and pain in the urethra;
- Frequent and painful urination.
If left untreated the infection spreads from the urethra infection penetrates into the epididymis, causing its inflammation (we are talking about epididymitis and orchiepididymitis). The inflammatory process causes an increase in the testis, accompanied by extreme pain and fever. After several (3-4) weeks an inflammatory process or passes or becomes chronic. In more complex cases, there may be a third appendage necrosis (latent) form of gonorrhea.
The symptoms of the chronic form
With the development of chronic gonorrhea acute symptoms in the absence of men. Inflammatory processes are developed quickly, but sometimes the condition is exacerbated. Each outbreak leads to a change in the structure of the affected organs. In addition, there is almost always a characteristic symptom, pointing to chronic gonorrhea - "morning drop syndrome".
After a night of sleep in the opening of the urethra there is a small amount of turbid substance in which visible pus. Untreated gonorrhea cause forms of chronic pain when urinating.
Consequences and complications
The most dangerous consequences of its chronic form of the disease, as it is pronounced softly. Men often do not pay attention to minor ailments. Meanwhile, the infection spreads to the internal organs and cause inflammation. One of the most common complications is the emergence of a secondary nature of the infection, such as: candidiasis, ureaplasmosis, chlamydia. In this case, unlike gonorrhea, they may proceed quite clearly, thus preventing the correct diagnosis.
Among the most dangerous and complex effects can be identified and orchiepididymitis prostatitis (inflammation of the testicle appendage). At last a man concerned about the fever, swelling and pain in the groin, congestion in the scrotum. If the disease develops in one testicle, then this leads to disruption of the production of sperm in it. If the disease swept both testicles, it leads to infertility. For gonococcal prostatitis is characterized by a chronic course of the disease. It is poorly treatable, so often leads to impotence and infertility.
It suffers from gonorrhea and urinary system of the body. The development of infection can lead to a narrowing of the urethral lumen. Also among the complications of gonorrheal conjunctivitis occurs, leading to the death of tissues of the eye and blindness. Inflammation in internal organs may cause hepatitis, meningitis, myocarditis, and skin diseases.
Diagnostics
Laboratory studies with gonorrhea consist of:
- total stroke;
- method of detecting antigens of the pathogen;
- DNA detection method of the pathogen;
- seeding;
- detection of antibodies to the pathogen.
Overall swab or smear on flora, is discharge from the urethra and study to determine the number of leukocytes. Based on the number, it is possible to judge the presence or absence of inflammation. To implement the method of detection of pathogen antigens are also used urethral canal. pathogen DNA detection method involves the polymerase chain reaction and allows maximum precision and to diagnose chronic asymptomatic infection.
The essence consists in applying sowing the test material in such nutrient medium are considered suitable for growth of pathogenic microorganisms. Used for seeding discharge from the urethra. Method unique high precision, but takes a long time - from 7 to 10 days. For methods of detection of antibodies to the pathogen using the patient's blood.
Microbiological diagnosis is made up of the following methods:
- microscopy (microscopic);
- bacteriological;
- serology;
- Molecular biology.
Bacterioscopic method involves staining of smears by Gram two, as well as a 1% aqueous solution of methylene blue and 1% alcohol solution of eosin. Bacteriological method is to carry out sowing on nutrient medium and enables the assessment of the sensitivity of gonococci to antiviral drugs. Serological method consists in carrying RAC (complement fixation) using the patient's blood serum. Molecular biological method has a high sensitivity and specificity.
Driving the treatment of gonorrhea in men
Gonorrhea without complications are treated at home. Indications for hospitalization:
- gonorrhea complicated by conjunctivitis, epididymitis, prostatitis;
- long course of the disease without treatment;
- formation of sepsis and systemic infection;
- Permanent signs of recurrence of gonorrhea.
To prevent chronic process and the infertility treatment of gonorrhea should deal solely with the doctor (Dermatologist), and the appointment of antibacterial drugs should be carefully observed and not to interrupt the course treatment. Otherwise, the risk increases dramatically to purchase this form of gonorrhea, which would be resistant to most types of modern drugs, and thus become incurable.
Experts from the US offered 2 new treatment regimens for gonorrhea in men. The trials involved more than 400 people of different ages (16-60 years) with severe advanced forms. They were divided into 2 groups, which received different treatments. The most common side effects in patients were - abdominal pain, nausea, and diarrhea.
The results of these clinical trials of new treatment regimens for genital gonorrhea were presented at the 20th Conference (Austria, Vienna), the International Society for STD Research:
- It showed 100% efficiency in the use of treatment of oral azithromycin (Sumamed, Azitroks, Azitsid, Hemomitsin, Z-factor Ekomed) + gentamicin injection.
- 99.5% efficiency shown the combination of oral azithromycin and gemifloxacin.
- 100% efficacy of these regimens showed in the defeat gonokokkom mucous oropharynx and rectum.
Standard recommendations of the Centers for Control and Prevention of diseases (CDC) for the treatment of gonorrhea They were as follows: intake of Azithromycin (Sumamed) or doxycycline in combination with injections Ceftriaxone. Now 2 new regimen will be offered in case of allergies in a patient, or to cephalosporins drug resistance to them and to tetracyclines. Tests have inspired professionals, as the results have shown the effectiveness of new treatment options in the face of increasing levels of antibiotic-resistant forms of gonorrhea in the last decade.
In addition to drug treatment, the patient must adhere to the following guidelines:
- avoid psycho-emotional strain, and any physical exertion;
- to give up alcohol and smoking;
- enrich your diet high in fiber and protein product. Eat more seafood, fruits, meat, fish and vegetables;
- ensure proper rest and sleep;
- to abstain from sexual intercourse until they are cured.
When the disease is complicated by the development of severe pathologies prescribed therapy by several types of different groups of antibiotics.
The chronic form
Chronic gonorrhea treated significantly longer. First assigned gonovaktsina courses on 6-8-10 intramuscular injection and preparations which stimulate non-specific immunity (pirogenal, ribonuclease), and only after that the therapy antibiotics.
Test samples shall be after the end of treatment and monthly during the three months.
prevention
To avoid infection, you need to carefully follow the rules of personal hygiene. Avoid casual sex. Use condoms. Undergo regular check-ups with your doctor and be tested for the presence of sexually transmitted diseases.
Gonorrhea is usually detected in the form of an already running, since at the initial stage asymptomatic. Timely treatment allows you to get rid of this infection.
