The relevance of this disease due to the fact that it should be considered as a background against which may develop malignant processes. Frequency transformation into malignant form depends on the severity of a proliferative process in mastopathy. Thus, in marked proliferation risk of developing breast cancer is 32%, and with a mild degree of proliferation - just 1%
What it is?
Fibrocystic mastopathy - a violation of the connecting relation and epithelial components of breast tissue, accompanied by changes in the proliferative and regressive nature.
Customary to distinguish two forms of the disease:
- Nonproliferative form. In this form of the disease in breast cysts formed in different sizes, from a few millimeters to several centimeters. At the initial stage of the disease is the formation of structures resembling bunches of grapes. As the progression of pathology process runs increased production of collagen which leads to compaction of the connective tissue, and its proliferation of scar formation. As a result, segments, which represented the breast, stretched and formed cysts inside them. Nonproliferative disease does not give a high risk of malignancy of the pathological process. He is no more than 0.86%.
- Proliferative form is characterized by starting the process of proliferation, i.e. the growth of epithelial and connective tissue cells by dividing them. With the proliferation of moderate severity risk of degeneration of malignant pathological process in amounts of 2.34%. When these values are expressed by the degree of proliferation increases to 31.4%.
Referring to the statistics of the disease as a whole, women all over the world there is a tendency to an increase in disease. In reproductive age disease affects an average of 40% women. If a history of multiple gynecological diseases, the risk of encounter with mastopathy is from 70 to 98%.
In high-risk group includes women who suffer from hyperplastic abnormalities of genitals. During menopause, when a diffuse fibrocystic breast disease is less common. It affects up to 20% of women. Once menopause occurs, new cysts often do not appear. This statistical fact is also further evidence of the direct involvement of hormones in the development of the disease.
Causes of mastitis
The main cause of mastitis is considered a hormonal imbalance is to increase the production of estrogen hormone.
Also, hormonal disorders can be triggered by the following factors:
- Multiple abortions, the consequence of which is always a heavy hormonal disruption of the entire endocrine system of the body;
- Gynecological diseases such as inflammatory disorders (endometriosis, adnexitis) and tumor (uterine myoma, an ovarian cyst, endometriosis);
- Lack of pregnancies up to 30 years;
- The probability of occurrence of mastitis is increased in the presence of endocrine disorders (dysfunction thyroid, diabetes), as well as liver and biliary tract diseases (hepatitis, cholecystitis and t. d.)
- Avoidance of breastfeeding or its duration is too short (less than 6 months). If a woman breastfeeds a child for more than 6 months, it reduces the risk of mastitis in 2 times.
Other contributing factors:
- Injury mammary (punches strong squeezing);
- Psychoemotional factors (depression, neuroses, stress, chronic fatigue syndrome);
- Genetic predisposition;
- Bad habits (smoking, alcohol abuse, the fashion for a tan).
Clinically distinguish two basic forms of mastitis: diffuse and nodular.
symptoms
According to experts, the diffuse form of the disease is its initial stage. That is why the symptoms of the disease in some patients, lack of lubrication, so that women can for a long time does not pay attention to his state. However, without treatment, the disease progresses.
There are some signs that allow suspected in patients with diffuse fibrocystic breasts:
- Swelling of the mammary glands and an increase in their volume.
- Chest pain. It has a dull aching in nature and disappears after the start of menstruation. Over time, the pain becomes more intense and prolonged, it can be localized not only in the chest, but also to give to the arm, shoulder or armpit. In some patients, even a light touch to the affected gland may cause pain. With further development of the disease of pain are not as significant.
- Swollen lymph nodes located in the armpits.
- Loss of sleep, the emergence of feelings of fear and anxiety.
- The appearance of discharge from the nipple. They are very different: abundant or scarce, bloody or colorless.
- Changing skin nipples: occurrence of cracks, retraction of the nipple or skin.
- Appearance in tissue formation. They can be multiple (resembling a bunch of grapes) and isolated. Similar formations do not have clear boundaries and can be found in different places of the mammary glands.
The degree of symptoms diffuse mastitis dependent on the menstrual cycle phases hardest they make themselves felt in the second half of the cycle, and after the start of the critical days smoothed symptoms. Many women in the later stages of the disease pain and seals remain, regardless of the phase of the cycle.
The dangerous disease of the breast?
Diffuse fibrocystic pathology (FKM) - benign process, which is characterized by abnormal development of mammary tissues. Some types (that is, there is proliferation) of cells actively proliferate, others regressed - in by changing the ratio of connective tissue component and the actual active secretory tissue.
In spite of the declares purity fibrocystic breast changes, breast is background beneficial for the development of malignant cancers therefore relates to a precancerous lesions. the risk of cancers up to 32% with active proliferation of the affected gland cells. risk is reduced to 1%, but this indicator can not be neglected at a lower activity of the pathological process.
The vast majority of cases, the diagnosis of fibrocystic disease were women of childbearing age, breasts who are active. In perimenopausal period is noted much less of such pathologies. On the primary symptoms of the disease women almost do not pay attention, because they are not expressed in significant pain and perceived as temporary discomfort. However, with age, the disease progresses and can lead to dangerous consequences.
Diagnostics
Given the technical capabilities of diagnostic medicine, reveal diffuse cystic mastopathy is easy. Screening or preventive care must necessarily pass through all middle-aged women. With 35 years of doing breast ultrasound 1 time per year, with 40 years prescribed rentgenomammografiyu 1 once a year.
If a woman showed signs of diffuse fibrocystic breast disease, the methods of diagnostic tests prescribed by the doctor. Possible options:
- Consultation endocrinologist and oncologist.
- Anamnesis ─ general information, complaints, family history.
- Breast examination, palpation.
- Screening for gynecological diseases, pap smears.
- Ductography ─ radiography milk ducts by introducing a contrast agent.
- Ultrasonography, wherein the estimated with high accuracy benign and malignant tumors.
- Biopsy seal or cysts ─ histological examination of tissue formation.
- Rentgenomammografiya ─ study with low radiation dose and the minimum load on the body.
- MRI (magnetic resonance tomography) with contrast.
- Blood tests for hormones: TSH svT4, LH, FSH, prolactin, estradiol, progesterone.
- Ultrasound of the thyroid gland and adrenal gland.
- Microscopic examination of nipple discharge
Diffuse degeneration of fibrocystic breast disease in the cancer does not happen. The danger lies in the fact that the disease interferes with timely detect the presence of breast malignancy.
Treatment
The chosen method of treatment of fibrocystic mastopathy depends on the stage of the disease. Basically, it is a complex, that is accompanied by reception of medicines, eliminating diseases which become precursors of the disease, as well as compliance with the diet and the use of People funds.
Treatment of diffuse fibrocystic mastopathy breast carried out using a non-hormonal drugs.
The following can be attributed to them:
- Treatment FKM passes without receiving a vitamin-containing drug. You will need to take vitamins fairly long period of time. Particular attention is paid to the group of vitamins A, E and C.
- Drugs that in its composition contains a lot of iodine. So are the "Iodine-asset", "Jodomarin", "Klamin". They help restore the normal functioning of the thyroid gland. However appoint them for himself alone is strictly prohibited.
- If a strong pain syndrome with breast disease treatment is carried out by the use of painkillers. For example, the "Diclofenac".
- Reduce prolactin help means homeopathy. Positive reviews are "Mastodinon", "Remens", "Cyclodynon". For the desired effect of taking the medicine must be at least six months.
- To reduce the tension patient may require soothing and sedative drugs. Very good help tinctures based on motherwort, valerian and other medicinal plants.
Diffuse fibrotic breast disease should include treatment that would work aimed at restoring pituitary-ovarian-hypothalamus. Most often, it is recommended to use hormonal agents. These include are:
- Oral contraceptives "Marvelon" and "Janine." The peculiarity of their reception is in strict compliance with the instructions.
- Medicines based on progestogens. These include "Utrozhestan", "Duphaston," "Norethisterone". It is best to take them at the time of the second phase of the menstrual cycle. Otherwise, the effect is not so strong.
- Women whose age has crossed the mark of 45 years, should take androgens. These drugs include "Methyltestosterone", "Fareston" and "Tamoxifen". Duration of treatment is determined individually depending on each case of disease.
- In advanced cases of the disease it is useful for the treatment of inhibitors that stimulate the production of prolactin. It is a drug "Parlodel".
The therapy of fibrocystic breast disease is expedient only after a thorough medical examination, which will establish a variety of forms of breast disease. When the diagnosis of cystic variety of disease need to spend pouncing and cytological examination of the breast tissue. In the case of establishing the presence of a benign nature of the tumor, it may be sufficient for surgical intervention.
Treatment of folk remedies
Breast disease - a disease known since ancient times, so there are plenty of popular recipes. But it is important to remember that this method is only cured the disease in the early stages of its development and taking into account the recommendations of the doctor.
tinctures. Prepared using herbs, which insisted on alcohol. They can prepare itself, or buy ready-made at the pharmacy:
- alcoholate upland uterus;
- tincture of shell pine nuts;
- propolis tincture.
Broth. Help normalize hormones, cope with tumors and free relieve inflammatory diseases occurring in the body. Herb infused with boiling water and taken orally. For the treatment of diffuse fibrocystic breast disease is recommended to drink herbal tea:
- burdock root;
- upland uterus;
- red brush for adjusting thyroid operation;
- yarrow;
- fungus.
Lotions and compresses. Packs of herbs needed to put on throughout the night to his chest for several weeks to achieve the result:
- poultice of leaves of burdock;
- cabbage wrap with honey;
- cake made of rye flour;
- pumpkin compress;
- poultice of grated beets with honey.
Using the popular methods for the treatment of fibrocystic mastopathy should take place also under the supervision of a physician. Herbal medicine implies the ability to prepare the broth from several herbs, or use ready-made collections, which can be purchased at the pharmacy.
Diet
Therapeutic diet should contain products to stabilize hormonal levels. Food must be rich in fiber (foliage, cereals).
It is important to take a natural estrogen (legumes, sprouts of all grades). Vitamin therapy strengthens the immune system and gives the body strength (citrus fruits, raw vegetables and fruits). Natural iodine - remedy for mastitis. Use of fish, seafood, liver and sour milk fill up the body phospholipids. Should be consumed 2 liters of plain water, it will quickly restore metabolic processes.
More often than not, to cure any disease, it helps the rejection of the usual wrong way of life. Fibrocystic breast disease, is easier to prevent, and that requires the timely visit to the doctor. At the initial stage of the disease, it is easier to defeat the disease.
Prevention and possible complications
Compliance with preventive measures to reduce the risk of disease and promotes a speedy recovery, if available. These include: avoiding harmful habits, avoiding stressful situations, the correct selection of underwear, maintenance of rolling lifestyle, decrease salt intake, timely treatment of diseases of the pelvic organs.
Competent selection of important hormonal contraception and regular visits to the oncologist and breast physician (at least 1 time per year). baby breastfeeding for more than 6 months reduces the risk of cancer is 2 times.
All women, including healthy, you need to learn how to check your breasts. Particularly relevant in this advice periklimakteralnom period (after the age of 45 years). This is done by visual inspection of the breast in the mirror and feeling in the supine and standing position. When identifying any abnormal sealing required to consult a doctor.
Although benign, fibrocystic breast changes are favorable background for the development of malignant diseases. With active proliferation (sprouting) infected cells risk of cancers is 32%. At lower activity pathological process risk is reduced to 1%.
