Not to be confused with dysplasia cervical erosion. Erosion manifests itself in violation of the integrity of the mucosa, while dysplasia carries out structural abnormalities of the structure itself mucosa. Most often the diagnosis is common in women of reproductive age - from 25 to 35 years, which is approximately 1.5-2 cases per 1000 women.
What it is?
In this disease most often affects cells in the area where the squamous epithelium passes into a cylindrical (the so-called transformation zone). This disease does not occur abruptly, it develops over the years, growing from one stage to another.
There are three stages of dysplasia:
- Stage 1 - epithelium struck deep into 1/3;
- Stage 2 - epithelium struck deep into 2/3;
- Stage 3 - the entire thickness of the cervical epithelium struck atypical cells, but the disease does not spread to other tissues, blood vessels, nerve endings, and so forth.
Cervical dysplasia grade 3 - premalignant. If left untreated, it is transformed into a cancer in a woman's body will develop a malignant tumor.
The causes of dysplasia grade 3
The main cause of the disease is the oncogenic human papilloma virus (especially, strains 16 and 18). Against the background of dysplasia in the body of the patient is always found HPV. The continued presence of atypical papillomovirusnoy infection causes changes in the structure of cervical cells.
Grade 3 dysplasia can be diagnosed at any age. The emergence of this disease process promoted by the following factors:
1) Immune deficiency which may be caused by:
- constant stress;
- an unbalanced diet;
- receiving chemotherapeutic agents and steroidal hormones;
- frequent exacerbation of chronic diseases;
- low social standard of living.
2) promiscuous, namely:
- early sexual life (14 years);
- having multiple sexual partners at the same time;
- unprotected sexual intercourse;
- the presence of cancer genital sexual partner.
3) Inflammation of the genitals.
4) Mechanical damage to the cervix.
5) infection of HIV.
According to statistics, the risk of dysplasia on the background of precipitating factors in female smokers increased by 2 times.
Symptoms and signs
Early development periods occur virtually unnoticed, it can be diagnosed only by using cytological analysis PAP smear. Cervical dysplasia grade 3 has already pronounced symptoms:
- strong pulling pain in the abdomen;
- vaginal discharge with characteristic unpleasant putrid odor;
- pain with bloody discharge during sexual intercourse;
- itching and burning sensation in the genital area.
To detect signs of disease carried out a series of studies.
Diagnostics
Diagnosis is made in the following ways:
- Cytological examination is due to the study of uterine cells, the correctness of their operation under the influence of various factors. With its help in the early stages can detect dysplasia and pick the right method of treatment.
- Biopsy. It represents otschip tissue from the uterus and its detailed examination. Only a biopsy the doctor can examine the fabric and make an accurate diagnosis (dysplasia or cancer).
- Inspection mirror or intravaginal ultrasound. Modern technologies allow you to view the vagina and completely ignore a discrepancy of colors and patterns of cervical tissue.
Every woman over 16 years, having an intimate relationship with a man, you must be screened 1 once a year (for a routine inspection at the gynecologist), and every 3 years to carry out cytological examination.
Treatment of cervical dysplasia grade 3
As a rule, the treatment of severe forms of the disease has been a gynecologist-oncologist.
Depending on the age of the patient, the area affected, associated diseases, as well as planning future pregnancies doctor selects the appropriate treatments.
Immunostimulatory therapy. From the first days of treatment, the patient is assigned to a therapy for strengthening the immune system. With extensive lesions of high-grade dysplasia is shown receiving immunomodulators and interferons.
Surgical intervention
What, then, means the doctor removes a dangerous disease like cervical dysplasia grade 3? Treatment (operation) can take place by means of such methods:
- Laser vaporization. With it can be easily and painlessly remove such ailment as cervical dysplasia 3 degrees. Laser treatment has many advantages: the doctor monitors the depth of exposure, scarring is practically impossible, a minimum blood loss during surgery, and wound - fast. That's just such modern equipment has not every medical facility. Yes, and carry out such surgery is quite expensive should the doctor qualifications. All this makes the treatment unaffordable for many potential patients from the province.
- Cryodestruction - freezing with liquid nitrogen dysplasia. Such an operation is popular all over the world: it can be done without problems, even in the district hospital. Furthermore, the duration of the procedure a small - about 10 minutes. Minus is the inability to precisely control the degree of tissue freezing. As a result, formed are the same scars that pregnancy and childbirth can rupture.
- Radiowave destruction - the impact of the current radio wave frequency. Comfortable and effective method that provides for full recovery of sexual activity, prevents relapse. Cons similar to those characteristic of laser therapy.
- Diathermocoagulation - moxibustion affected areas electrocution. The method is quite cheap and popular. Its drawback - the pain and scarring, which during a subsequent pregnancy will prevent full disclosure of the uterus.
It should be remembered that the effectiveness of any operation depends on well-conducted surveys of complex laboratory analyzes of antiviral and antibiotic therapy.
Rehabilitation
After operative treatment of a woman must adhere to certain medical guidelines:
- rejection of sexual activity on 1-1.5 months;
- do not lift weights;
- not perform syringing;
- do not use tampons;
- do not go to the sauna and bath.
After 3 months, the woman must to re colposcopy and take a swab of cervical cytology. If everything is normal, it is removed from the dispensary. Rarely, but after surgery for removal of dysplasia may develop complications such:
- recurrence;
- infertility;
- a transition step in exacerbation of chronic inflammation in the pelvis;
- scars on the neck;
- dysmenorrhea (menstrual dysfunction).
Forecast
The prognosis of cervical dysplasia is clearly dependent on the degree of pathology:
- When diagnosing neoplasia light only 1% of cases there is a shift in moderate and severe.
- Patients diagnosed with CIN 2 severe precancerous form develops only in 16% of cases within 2 years and 25% at 5 years.
- Severe neoplasia (grade 3) passes into invasive cancer (transformed cells spread over basal membrane) only in 12-32% of patients.
These figures indicate the need for early detection of (preventive examinations) and treat disease diagnosed. Only a complete lack of attention on the part of the woman threatened her with serious consequences.
complications
To understand how dangerous the disease, it is necessary to know what the consequences might be, if not early treatment.
What threatens dysplasia:
- atypical cells become tumorous structure occurs tissue mutation in tumors;
- uncharacteristic epithelium begins to move forward, it affects more healthy cells;
- in cancer cells high rate of metabolism, they absorb all the nutrients in the body, healthy cells are starving;
- severe intoxication with the constant poisoning by toxic products of vital activity of cancer cells.
Even modern therapies can not guarantee that will not occur certain complications of the disease. The most dangerous - the reappearance of abnormal cells, cervical cancer, or of nearby organs. Against the background of the disease severely weakens the immune system, the body can not cope even with the common cold.