The result is a bump on the head, the diameter of which depends on the degree of injury can reach from several centimeters to twenty. the diagnosis is often not immediately, because many babies at birth can be observed swelling on the scalp, passing through the birth canal, the child's head under pressure, resulting in the swelling, which falls through 1-2 days.
A cephalohematoma in newborns two day passes, but on the contrary, may even increase in size, as in this period of life the blood is not able to quickly fold and continues to flow into the periosteum, swelling growing. Also by its generic tumor distinguish clear boundaries - hemorrhage strictly localized within the affected bones of the skull.
What it is?
Cephalohematoma in newborns - is bleeding, is formed between the periosteum and the bones of the skull. This pathology is one of the most common birth defects, occurring in three babies out of a thousand.
Causes of
Education kefalogematomy newborn child contribute a lot of provocative factors:
- The large size of the child;
- Severe complications of prolonged pregnancy;
- Wrong position of the child in the womb - an oblique longitudinal or transverse;
- Hydrocephalic fetal head shape, anticipatory its growth, in infectious pathologies;
- Fetal abnormality caused polisistemny, endocrine and metabolic dysfunction;
- Baby umbilical cord entanglement that can cause hypoxia and will not allow the fetus to pass freely through the birth canal.
The cause of bleeding of the baby could be an anomaly in the structure of the pelvis mothers - a narrow or flat, the presence of bone or cartilage growths on the bones of the pelvis. A woman's age as of great importance, as in adulthood is often marked not complete divergence of the pelvic bones, which creates an obstacle to the free fruit yield.
Maybe uterine inertia - the weakened muscles of the uterus, and the weakness of their contractile function will not be able to help your child in the proper amount.
hemorrhage formation may be triggered and the fast-flowing delivery. The rapid expulsion of the fetus out not only results in a sharp pressure drop (barotrauma effect) which may affect the blood vessels, but to provoke and head injury kid causing vascular damage.
Classification
According kefalogematomy combination with other possible lesions are distinguished:
- cephalohematoma with a fractured skull;
- cephalohematoma brain damage (epidural hematoma, cerebral edema or cerebral hemorrhage);
- kefalogematomy combination with neurological manifestations (alopecia and general cerebral symptoms).
In size subperiosteal hemorrhages are three degrees kefalogematomy:
- 1 degree - hemorrhage diameter of 4 cm or less;
- 2nd stage - kefalogematomy diameter of 4.1 - 8 cm;
- 3 degree - hemorrhage diameter of more than 8 cm (in the case of multiple cephalhaematoma estimated total area of ​​hemorrhage).
Localization hemorrhage isolated kefalogematomy parietal (the most common), the frontal, occipital (less common), and the temporal bone (a very rare localization).
symptoms kefalogematomy
The first symptoms kefalogematomy (see. photo) become visible on the 2 - 3 day generic swelling subsides.
Dimensions hemorrhage from the first day of birth tend to increase, due to a deficiency of coagulation factors newborn - blood remains liquid for a long time, so there is no vozmozhnosyai zatrombirovat blood clots damaged blood vessels.
Cephalohematoma resilient to the touch, a pressure on the bleeding region can feel the movement of the liquid. If cephalohematoma is small in size, it begins to decrease by 7 - 8 day passes without a trace. In the event of a significant size hemorrhage resorption process it can take several months. Often in kefalogematomy localization observed fracture (crack) bone.
Cephalohaematoma always has clear limits in the form of roller compacted hemorrhage circumference. Delimitation kefalogematomy due to the coalescence of dense periosteum of the skull bones in joints, so hemorrhage is located in one bone.
kefalogematomy treatment in infants
Treatment of the disease has been a neonatologist and pediatric surgeon indications. Kefalogematomy therapy involves:
- Feeding the baby donor or expressed breast milk for 4 - 6 days.
- Calcium (calcium gluconate) Heading 3 - 5 days.
- Vitamin K is a course of 3-5 days.
In the case of suppuration hemorrhage or a large size (greater than 8 cm), the tumor shows puncture kefalogematomy newborn. Also needling is performed in the absence of reduction of tumor for 10 days.
The operation can be done with 10 days of life. In place of removed hair hematoma, treated zone antiseptic and puncture is performed. Then, a pressure bandage applied for 3 hr. If the operation is carried out in the case of suppuration hematomas, drainage of produced content followed by the application of antiseptic dressings (with antibacterial agents).
When ossification hematoma, skull deformation correction is carried out resection of the periosteum to own bone.
consequences kefalogematomy
How dangerous is a hemorrhage? Most often, nothing. In most cases, the effects of the newborn kefalogematomy absent in older age it is impossible to say that it is a complication of childbirth was in the past a child.
That less at cephalohematoma may cause such complications:
- Anemia - develops in severe blood loss;
- Jaundice - the breakdown of hemoglobin to form a bilirubin;
- Suppuration - in contact with bacteria in the tumor through broken skin;
- Ossifitsikatsiya (ossification) kefalogematomy - due to calcium salt deposits in the cavity.
As the blood accumulates over the bones of the skull of the child, it can not damage the brain and other parts of the nervous system. Festering hematoma, with timely and appropriate treatment, and will not affect the state of the organism. Kefalogematomy only consequence can be found in the future, with its organization. If no blood is absorbed and replaced by connective tissue, bone deformation occurs. However, when a small amount of bleeding (70 ml), to detect this defect in the form of a small projection, is very difficult at an older age. Large cosmetic value, as a rule, he does not.
We emphasize again, mental retardation, speech impairment, paralysis and other neurological diseases after kefalogematomy not happen. Cephalohematoma - this is only the accumulation of blood, which is above the bone. The brain is inside the skull. Blood clot can deform bone so that it will damage the organs enclosed in the skull of a child.
To identify this pathology is easy enough - for this there are characteristic external signs, so instrumental and laboratory diagnosis has any value. kefalogematomy treatment chosen doctor, together with his mother children. Regardless of the tactics (surgical or conservative), hemorrhage and successfully treated, most often, it does not leave any consequences for the child.
prevention
Avoid periosteal hemorrhage can be under the following conditions:
- expectant mother must lead a healthy lifestyle, do not take medication without consulting your doctor;
- the doctor and the midwife must keep accurate delivery, quickly and correctly select the mode of delivery.
For the prevention of recurrent hemorrhage mother should not rock the baby up to 6 months. You can not give up the surgical treatment of a hematoma. If the doctor recommends a caesarean section, it is better to choose this mode of delivery. When these precautions child recover quickly after the trauma.
Cephalohematoma time noticed on the head of a newborn, treatment is carried out quite easily, is not harmful to the child's life.
