Miscellaneous

Conjunctivitis in children, treatment and prevention

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Conjunctivitis of the child is an inflammation of the mucous membrane of the eye. The first 4 years of life 30% of all ophthalmic diseases account for conjunctivitis.

In older age, this figure is reduced, giving way to a refractive error. Depending on the cause of the disease, there are many of its species. The disease occurs in children differently than adults and less treatable.

In children, the disease can have serious complications, so in need of attention from the local pediatrician and parents.

What it is?

Conjunctivitis - inflammation of the mucous membranes of the eyes, or the conjunctiva, which covers the fibers and the inner surface of the eyelids. Typical symptoms: tearing, itching, swelling of the eyelids, eye redness, burning.

Treatment of conjunctivitis in children depends on the type of pathogen.

Causes of

eye mucosa inflammation can be caused by various reasons. In compliance with the following types of conjunctivitis distinguish them:

  1. Viral - results from lesions of the mucous membrane viruses which cause respiratory diseases. Especially a lot of trouble can cause conjunctivitis, caused by the herpes virus.
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  2. Bacterial - caused by the activity of micro-organisms caught in the eye. Particularly aggressive behavior bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus and skin, gonococci, pneumococci, as well as microorganisms, provoking chlamydial infection.
  3. Allergic - seen as a response to irritation from exposure to different allergens (pollen, odors, dust, and so on).

Most often conjunctivitis in children develops in bacterial and viral infections

Conjunctivitis in newborns

Often it becomes severe, with a secondary bacterial infection. Especially hard to bear this disease premature, small babies who have a weak immune system. The most frequent type of conjunctivitis in the newborn - ophthalmia. Infection occurs when passing through the birth canal. Pathogens Infections - Chlamydia and gonococci.

Often in infants and watery eyes closing, due to blockage of the tear ducts. Usually these symptoms disappear within the first month of life, do not need medical treatment. In long-term inflammation of the conjunctiva of the newborn need to be sure to show the pediatrician.

The first signs

All varieties of inflammation of the conjunctiva have similar symptoms. Parents should suspect the onset of the disease in the following symptoms:

  • itchy eyes;
  • pyorrhea;
  • redness of the eye;
  • swelling;
  • zakisaniya eyes;
  • swelling of the century;
  • increased lacrimation;
  • sticking eyelashes upon awakening.

In early disease the baby hard tert eyelids. Its annoying bright lights: the baby appears the fear of the world and begin to involuntarily contract the eyelids (blepharospasm).

Symptoms of conjunctivitis in children

Each type conjunctivitis different characteristic symptoms (see. Photo). Let us examine them in detail.

bacterial conjunctivitis

Usually lasts for 3 to 5 weeks. flow duration depends on the type of agent:

  • petechial hemorrhages in the eyeball;
  • burning sensation and itching in the eyes;
  • hyperemia eye mucosa;
  • copious purulent or frothy eyes;
  • eyelid edema;
  • sticking eyelids in the morning;
  • increased eye fatigue.

viral conjunctivitis

The disease is accompanied by a cold or flu. First, inflammation occurs in one eye, and then goes to the second. are characteristic features:

  • excessive tearing;
  • hyperthermia;
  • hyperemia eye mucosa;
  • burning sensation or a foreign body in the eyes (often children associate it with a feeling of sand in the eyes).

allergic conjunctivitis

Allergic disease is age-related features, and soon there will a child of 3 years, than a teenager. Symptoms develop within days after exposure to the allergen. Inflammation spreads to both eyes.

Symptoms:

  • profuse watery discharge, lacrimation;
  • severe burning and itching, especially in the movement of the eyes;
  • eyelid edema;
  • redness of the eye;
  • on mucous buds appear small;
  • dryness of eyes;
  • increased sensitivity to light.

The disease is often accompanied by allergic skin reactions, urticaria, atopic dermatitis and allergic rhinitis.

adenoviral conjunctivitis

In addition to eye inflammation appears pharyngitis, pyrexia, headache, runny nose, weakness, cough, chills. This is followed by inflammation of the conjunctiva, first on one and then on the second eye. Marked swelling of the eyelids, redness. Spin Meager, mucous, transparent.

Adenoviral conjunctivitis may occur in three forms:

  1. Bluetongue, characterized by a slight redness and scanty. The disease duration - 7 days.
  2. Filmy. In this form on the eye formed grayish film is easily removed with a cotton swab. After removing the exposed film surface erosive. May appear infiltrates and petechial hemorrhages that take place after treatment.
  3. Folikullyarnaya at which the mucous membrane vesicles appear eye.

diphtheria conjunctivitis

It arises against diphtheria throat and is characterized by gray films on mucous eyes. After their withdrawal bleeding surface is exposed. Eyelids swollen and compacted with a bluish tinge. Allocation cloudy with flakes. The general condition is poor, there is headache, fatigue, weakness, fever tel.

chlamydial conjunctivitis

May occur in the newborn after 5 - 10 days after birth. At one year old child infection can occur while swimming in an enclosed body of water, and a teenager - with early onset of sexual activity.

In most cases, one eye becomes inflamed. Disease begins acutely and is accompanied by swelling and infiltration of the mucosa century, the formation of large follicles in the lower arch, muco-purulent discharge.

How to determine the type of conjunctivitis in a child?

  • The combination of pharyngitis and conjunctivitis - adenoviral form of inflammation;
  • Diagnosed irritation and redness without pus - allergic or viral form;
  • On the mucous membrane appears pus - a bacterial form of inflammation;
  • The use of antibiotics does not bring relief - the causative agent of the disease resistant to drugs, or it's not bacterial form.

How to treat different types of conjunctivitis?

It is known that, depending on the cause of inflammation of the eye following types of conjunctivitis, which are treated differently:

  1. Viral conjunctivitis. Treatment is appointed the doctor after inspection. Typical pathogens - herpes, adenoviruses, enteroviruses, Coxsackie viruses. If the virus etiology of herpes, it is assigned an ointment Zovirax, Acyclovir. Droplets with antiviral action Aktipol (aminobenzoic acid), trifluridine (effective herpes) Poludan (poliriboadenilovaya acid).
  2. Bacterial conjunctivitis. The most effective means performs "sulfacetamide" together with the local use of the antibiotic drops and ointments, such as "Levomitsetinovaya" or "Tetracycline". This type of conjunctivitis is due to the penetration of germs and bacteria into the eye mucosa. The most common pathogens are the staphylococci, streptococci, pneumococci, gonococci and chlamydia. In the case where conjunctivitis manifested as side effects of a more serious disease or a protracted, must be used for the treatment of oral antibiotic agents.
  3. Allergic conjunctivitis. Allergic conjunctivitis is caused by a variety of stimuli - house dust, pollen, household chemicals, food, medicine, and other pungent smells. As with bacterial conjunctivitis it is accompanied by redness, swelling of the eyelids, watery eyes, itching (child constantly rubs his eyes). It is necessary to find out which allergens irritate the eyes of the child, as far as possible to limit contact with him. Antihistamines and allergy drops reduce the manifestation of the disease. There must be pass a comprehensive examination at the allergist because the propensity to allergic reactions in Children with other precipitating factors may contribute to more severe manifestations of allergy, bronchial until asthma. Treatment: kromogeksal, Allergodil, Olopatodin, Lekrolin, Dexamethasone.

Until then, until a diagnosis, it is not necessary to decide on their own, than to treat conjunctivitis, if the child is 2 years or less. But if for a reason to visit a specialist at once does not work, if you suspect an allergic or viral form of the disease in a child 2 years can drip into sulfacetamide eye. If there is suspicion of an allergic nature of the disease the child should be given an antihistamine medicine.

The flush eyes?

Rinsing and removal of pus and mucus crusts - an important procedure in the treatment of conjunctivitis. In the presence of muco-purulent discharge and crusts eyes should be washed with a solution and infusions that you can cook at home alone.

  • Sage tea: a tablespoon of sage leaves zaparivayut cup of boiling water;
  • Infusion of tea: tea bag pour a glass of boiling water and insist 10 minutes;
  • Saline solution: per liter lukewarm water dissolved teaspoon salt;
  • Boiled warm water - good ocular removes pus;
  • Chamomile extract: two tablespoons of chamomile flowers zaparivayut a glass of boiled water, 40 minutes;
  • Frc 0.02% solution: 100 ml boiling water dissolve one tablet Frc 0.02 g;

Before the eye drops and ointment lay behind the eyelid should be cleaned thoroughly and wash your eyes.

How to bury drops?

Here are some guidelines:

  1. Conjunctivitis in a child who is less than a year, the burying is carried out using the pipette, which has a rounded end, it avoids accidental damage inflammation of the eye.
  2. Infants lay on the surface without a pillow, let someone help you and hold your head. Initially, you need to slightly pull the eyelid and add 1-2 drops. Drug alone will spread evenly over the surface of the eye. Surpluses can be wet with the help of gauze. For each eye need to use separate towels.
  3. If the child is older zazhmurivaet eyes. This is not a problem, do not worry, yell at him or violently forced open his eyes. It is not necessary in this case it is enough to drip the medicine between the upper and lower eyelids. The solution gets into the eye, when the child opens it. But even eyes closed, you can open enough with two fingers to stretch forever in all directions.
  4. If the droplets stored in a refrigerator before burying you must warm them. Cold drops can act as an additional stimulus.
  5. You can not use the eye drops conjunctivitis expired, without labeling or if they long kept in the clear.
  6. For the treatment of conjunctivitis older children better train them to independently perform the instillation process under the strict supervision of parents.

How many days is treated conjunctivitis in children?

With adequate and timely treatment of acute process can be cured for 4-5 days. To eliminate the chronic form of the disease symptoms may need 4 to 5 weeks.

It is not necessary to let the disease take its course even if it is mild. Launched conjunctivitis can cause serious complications that can lead to vision loss.

prevention

Is Contagious conjunctivitis in children? The most common inflammation of the eye is infectious in nature, it is considered to be contagious and is transmitted from a sick person healthy. Therefore it is necessary to comply with preventive measures:

  • not rub, scratch forever, as there will be contamination of the other eye;
  • the child should be an individual face towel;
  • to monitor the cleanliness of hands;
  • carry out regular hygiene of the eye;
  • with epidemic outbreaks of viral conjunctivitis in schools and kindergartens are not in contact with the group of children.

If the child had eye injury (hit mote, midge, eyelash), it can lead to bacterial infection of the conjunctiva, and acute conjunctivitis. You should always show your baby ophthalmologist. The doctor will examine the state of the mucous membrane, prescribe preventive treatment if necessary.

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