Periodontitis: Symptoms, Picture, Treatment. How to treat periodontitis

Periodontitis - dental disease, inflammation of the gums. The term periodontal used for the common name of the tissues surrounding the tooth and hold it in the jaw. This ligamentous fibers compound mucosal surfaces and crown dosnevy dosnevaya cement and bone.

The reasons lie in periodontitis gingival infection through tooth tissue (tooth decay, plaque), tooth pockets (gingivitis) or from internal sources of infection (internal inflammatory disease). Consider the signs and symptoms of periodontal disease, methods of treatment and prevention.

What it is?

Periodontitis - inflammatory disease affecting tissue surrounding a tooth (periodontal), which results in destruction of the ligaments that connect the tooth to the jaw bone tissue.

Often the disease is diagnosed in middle-aged adults (30-40 years), but the general trend prevalence shows that increasingly, periodontal disease appears at a younger age.

Periodontitis and periodontal disease - what is the difference?

patients often find these two concepts in the same dental diseases, but this is not entirely true. With periodontitis always present active inflammatory reaction, bleeding and swelling of the gums, periodontal pockets of different depths and tooth mobility.

with periodontitis gums dense, anemic, no pockets and loose teeth, but much laid bare neck and roots, resulting in wedge-shaped defects often occur in these areas.

What causes periodontal disease?

Chronic localized periodontitis may occur for several reasons:

1. The presence of cavities with approximal tooth side.
2. Inadequate prosthesis, after which a broad crown incorrectly made removable dentures or injure the gums.
3. Gingival trauma resulting from physical impacts (contusion) or malocclusion (creating a so-called supraokklyuzii). If the teeth are closed uneven and there is an area on which the biting goes first (superkontakt), due to the increased load in this place and developing periodontal inflammation. The reason may be supekontakta seal, inflate or absence occlusion of the teeth.
4. Incorrect dentistry, as a result of which the seals have been installed, do not conform to the anatomical shape of the tooth, whereby overhanging edge injure gingiva and cause delays of food in between teeth, which leads to the development of an inflammatory process.

Causes and factors that trigger the development of generalized inflammation in the periodontal following:

1. Malfunction of the immune system, leading to a decrease in general and local defense response;
2. Low oral hygiene, which leads to the accumulation and activation of pathogenic microorganisms;
3. Violation rate of metabolic processes in the periodontium;
4. Reduced load on periodontal apparatus for use in food products advantageously soft;
5. Abnormal bite or improper location of individual teeth in a row (shifts and turns on the axis);
6. The presence of certain diseases (atherosclerosis, Diabetes, gastrointestinal diseases);
7. Exposure to professional (chemicals) or environmental (elevated background radiation) harmful effects of constant stress;
8. Bad habits, unbalanced diet, excessive use of certain medications;
9. The gestation period (the first place in this time of hormonal changes in favor);
10. Hereditary predisposition.

Acute periodontitis develops mainly after injuries - chemical (influence of various substances on periodontal tissue), physical (thermal burns), extensive mechanical damage. This form of the disease may also develop as a complication of acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis.

symptoms

Periodontitis (see. photo) manifested by progressive destruction of the alveolar processes (namely, dental cells of these processes). Initial stages the symptomatology is scarce - bleeding gums, unsteadiness teeth, sometimes - viscous saliva, plaque on teeth. With active current due to the rapid degradation of teeth alveolar bone is gradually falls.

More varied clinical manifestations of an exacerbation of periodontal disease: inflammation of the gums, pus isolation of the tooth-gingival pockets, halitosis, pathologic tooth mobility, their displacement. Abscesses and fistulas are common on the gums, increased morbidity and submandibular lymph nodes. Chronic course with frequent exacerbations of periodontal disease may be accompanied by a microbial allergies.

stage of the disease

In dentistry, there are three stages of periodontitis:

• 1 degree - this small depth of periodontal pockets (3 mm), the occurrence of a periodic gingival bleeding after brushing. At this stage, the pain and mobility missing teeth.
• 2nd stage - the pockets deepen and 5 mm, laid bare in part the tooth neck, a feeling of discomfort upon contact with cold and hot.
• Degree 3 is generated after 4-5 years after the onset of inflammation (in normal non-aggressive course of the disease). In severe lesions gingival pockets deeper than 6 mm, usually accompanied by the accumulation of food residues and the formation of pus. Pus released from the tooth when pressing on the gingiva. The teeth become loose and badly laid bare.

Classification of the degree of tooth mobility:

• 1 degree. It is characterized by the possibility of tooth displacement of no more than one millimeter in the vestibular-oral, buccal-lingual direction and to an adjacent tooth;
• 2nd stage - abnormal mobility at the same directions more than a millimeter, and the emergence of mobility in the palato-distal direction;
• Grade 3 - the teeth are mobile in all directions, including vertically. If any of the neighboring teeth is not present, possible inclination;
• 4 degree - the tooth is mobile in all directions, easily makes any forced movement, including its axis.

In addition, allocate a few more varieties of the disease. If gum inflammation is developing very fast, deep pockets are formed to a depth of 8 to 10 mm in one or two months, it is - an aggressive periodontitis. If the disease has affected several teeth, it is - a local periodontitis.

What is periodontal disease: Photo

The photo below shows how the disease manifests itself in humans.

Diagnostics

If you notice any symptoms of periodontal disease it is crucial to consult your dentist and undergo a thorough examination, during which the expert can make a correct diagnosis and to appoint additional research to differentiation disease.

During the inspection the dentist performs sensing, which will help determine the depth of the gap between the gum and tooth. According to the results of the survey will be to establish the degree of periodontitis.

As more research is prescribed:

• benzidine test (it helps to determine the presence of pus in the periodontal pocket);
• Schiller-Pisarev test (it helps to see the inflammation in the gums at an early stage due to staining);
• X-rays (to visualize the degree of degradation of bone tissue);
• smear from periodontal pockets (defines the causative bacteria);
• panoramic tomography (full view the affected jaws are generally administered for suspected generalized periodontitis).

In cases when periodontitis accompanied by common diseases, and other studies may be assigned to help determine a diagnosis and prescribe appropriate treatment.

How to treat periodontitis?

Effective treatment of this disease will largely depend on how far gone inflammatory process. The greater the level of bone loss around the teeth, the degree of mobility of the teeth, the more lost teeth - the harder, longer and more expensive treatment will be.

The first thing to do - is to create a treatment plan. It is not so easy as it may seem in fact. If the disease is mild, you may need to consult a doctor only paradontology. When the disease is pronounced, there is malocclusion, have missing teeth or teeth to be removal in process - requires joint consultation paradontology physician, podiatrist (prosthetist) and Therapist dentist. Remember that plan prosthetics, dental treatment is necessary before the actual periodontal treatment.

The next stage - to work directly with the gums, but rather deposits on the gums. As is well known, a significant percentage of non periodontitis depends on oral hygiene, namely incomplete scrubbing area abutment tooth to gingiva. As a result of this toothbrush are formed Nala and subsequently tartar that facilitate separation of the gingiva from the tooth.

While dental deposits are not removed, no one method of therapy does not bring the expected result, and time will be wasted. Therefore, in the second stage closely dentists proceed to the purification of the mouth of plaque and calculus. Carry out this procedure is best ultrasonic method.

medication

Drug treatment of periodontal disease can be divided into local and general:

1. General medicine. Is assigned a combination of antibiotics. Moreover, depending on the severity of inflammation and the presence of concomitant diseases, antibiotics may be administered in tablets, and intramuscular injections (which, incidentally, is preferred). Treatment of periodontal disease with antibiotics is also carried out 10 days at least.
2. Local therapy (oral). It includes antiseptic mouthwash, rinse periodontal pockets syringe antiseptic solutions, applications antimicrobial antiinflammatory gels. Duration protivovostalitelnoy local therapy is 10 days, treatment is carried out twice a day (morning and evening). Moreover, depending on the severity of the disease, the doctor may prescribe parodontolog rinses and applications for home use, or you will be required at least once a day to come to the dental clinic. In this case the doctor will be flushed out of the syringe periodontal pockets antiseptic solutions, and also process the gum gel. A second treatment the patient will have to make yourself at home already.
3. Physiotherapy. Topical therapy may also include physical therapy. For example recently advertised laser treatment of periodontitis. But we must understand that laser treatment of periodontitis or electrophoresis - this is only a subsidiary fizioterapevticheskme methods which allows only a few to quickly remove the symptoms of inflammation.
4. Toothpastes. Additional tool in treatment may be a special anti-inflammatory toothpaste. There are very good pasta that will likely reduce inflammation and strengthen the gums.

Simultaneously with the removal of dental plaque and anti-inflammatory therapy is necessary to begin treatment of decayed teeth, removing devitalized teeth. If at the stage of the treatment plan was determined by the need for prosthetic bridges or removable dentures, then in this step may be carried out to prepare dental prostheses, e.g. depulpation teeth.

periodontitis treatment of folk remedies

In some cases, medication is replaced by the recipes of alternative medicine.

The following recipes can be used in the home:

1. The juice of fresh plantain. He rubbed into the gums.
2. Oak bark (two tablespoons) and lime flowers (one tablespoon). Mix, pour a glass of boiling water a large spoonful of the composition. Cool, after filtering be used as a mouthwash 4-5 times a day.
3. Sea buckthorn oil and fir. Mix equal parts of oil in the mixture is moistened with a piece of bandage, and he massaged the sore spot on the gums for ten minutes twice a day.
4. The roots of comfrey. One tablespoon of the roots (crushed, in dry form) is filled in a glass of water, boiled at medium heat for 20 minutes. Broth use for rinsing twice a day.
5. Agave juice (aloe) or Kalanchoe. Make lotions with juices every 10 days by applying to the sick gum for 35 minutes.

Only after consultation with your doctor may use "grandmother's recipes" as the main principle of treatment of periodontal disease is the principle of do no harm and do not get complicated course of the disease.

Surgery

Once the teeth become mobile, the dentist uses for such a method of treatment as splinting. With it, the load is shared with the mobile teeth in stable.

There are three ways splinting:

• In the first case splinting several teeth stacked horizontal crossbar and fiberglass tape, after which all light filled composite. This strengthens the crossbar moving teeth, stabilizing the number.
• Crowns are considered more effective method. To do this, it grinds off the upper part of the tooth root is sealed. Put on top crowns, welded together. Material for crowns can be selected depending on the preferences and financial capabilities.
• The most expensive and the most effective is to use a partial denture. It is put on the jaw and to increase the stability further fixed metal bar.

Gingivectomy:

• Gingivectomy is usually applied at the early stages of the disease. The essence of the operation is to purify pockets and removal of inflamed gums sites by their cut. The wound is treated with a special solution and poured iodine. Typically, prescribed Gingivectomy integrated operations in several teeth. Often confused with the procedure scrappy operation.

Gingivoplasty:

• When periodontitis may appoint Gingivoplasty. It is necessary not only for aesthetic reasons, but also for cleaning pockets and their recovery. The surgery is performed under local anesthesia after pre-treatment with an antiseptic. The dentist cleans content pockets removes dental caries and tartar from the roots, covered with a protective film of a tooth cement. Gingival epithelium tissue update taken from the palatal side. Often during Gingivoplasty restore or transplanted bone tissue.

Flap surgery:

• It can be carried out in several ways, but its main purpose is to purify the roots of the dangerous plaque and gingival consolidation so as to hide as much as possible roots. Surgery is performed under local anesthesia, the dentist cuts the fabric, conducts sanitation roots and puts scraps back. Often damaged by inflammation of the gums removes areas. Scraps epithelial seams.

Prosthetics performed for patients with missing teeth in the dentition. This is the final stage of treatment, which has been passed before readjustment of the oral cavity and the removal of gingivitis, dental caries, etc.. The purpose of this step is to restore the masticatory function and the correct load distribution on the patient's healthy teeth, preventing their removal, the recovery of the oral cavity aesthetics. In order to relieve the teeth before surgery, it is necessary to resolve the issue of prosthetics - to put this period at least a temporary denture, which was subsequently changed to a higher quality. Otherwise after surgery tooth mobility will increase.

prevention

To avoid such serious problems with soft tissue, it is best to stick to simple and affordable methods of prevention. Dentists recommend:

• avoid stressful situations;
• fully nourishes and strengthens the immune system;
• run no general diseases;
• at loss of even a single unit, to install artificial limbs;
• Maintain a healthy lifestyle and give up bad habits;
• be careful not to damage the soft tissue with sharp objects, avoid traumatic situations;
• time to treat any disease and eliminate the first symptoms;
• Daily brushing teeth using a brush of medium hardness, a circular motion, at least five minutes;
• detection of malocclusion in childhood it is better to fix it.
• Do not forget about the importance of solid products that stimulate the metabolic processes in the gums and naturally clean the surface of the plaque;
• semiannual dental office visit for a thorough examination and detection of the first signs of any abnormalities, as well as for the purpose of professional cleaning of plaque and tartar.

In addition to these general tips for maintaining health and quality compliance oral hygiene can be in addition to periodically massage the gums. To do this, clean fingers make a slight pressure on both sides. It is simple, and the whole procedure lasts no longer than 5-10 minutes. As a result of metabolic processes in the periodontal tissues will resist bacterial growth.

Forecast

Forecast favorable if all the therapeutic measures. Early treatment of periodontal disease reduces the risk of complications. Prevent tooth loss in periodontitis can be, if not to neglect the prescribed therapy in a timely manner, and conduct regular professional cleaning procedures and apply hygiene measures at home conditions.