Miscellaneous

Vasomotor rhinitis: symptoms and treatment regimen in adults

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Vasomotor rhinitis is a narrowing of the nasal cavity of an infectious inflammatory disorders and sinus mucosa vascular tone, whereby complicated nasal breathing. The emergence of such a common cold is possible at any time of the year and is not associated with seasonal exacerbation of respiratory diseases.

Manifests itself in excessive accumulation of mucus and swelling of the sinuses, can occur for various reasons. Particularly frequent vasomotor rhinitis in people prone to stress, consuming large amounts of alcohol, spicy foods, living in areas with humid and warm climate.

What it is?

Vasomotor rhinitis - a pathological condition in which, in response to a reflex irritation of the nasal mucosa there is expressed not control the vascular response, manifested by a feeling of nasal congestion and profuse watery secretions.

Causes of

Etiologically significant for vasomotor rhinitis is considered a violation of the functioning of the vegetative part of the nervous system. This is accompanied by a decrease in muscle tone fibers in vascular walls, located in the mucous nose shell, which entails an excess of blood supply, leading to a deterioration in the nose breathing. Increased capillary permeability leads to propotevanie liquid portion of the plasma and the appearance of abundant discharges.

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In most cases, it found part of an allergic component, which is accompanied by not only local reactions on the nasal mucosa, but involvement in the process conjunctiva, the bronchial tree, skin, etc.

Predisposing factors:

  • abrupt change characteristics of the inhaled air;
  • anomalies of the structure front part of the skull;
  • uncontrolled use of certain medications;
  • somatic disorders;
  • frequent viral respiratory infections;
  • passive smoking;
  • bad habits;
  • constant stress;
  • the presence of reflux disease, in which the possible casting of acidic stomach contents into the nasal cavity;
  • the constant use of decongestants.

In some patients, to determine the cause of vasomotor rhinitis is not possible. In such cases, we are talking about the idiopathic form of the disease.

Features of the disease

The basis of pathology is a violation "nasal cycle", which consists of cyclic changes in the diameter of the lumen of blood vessels. The phenomenon is considered to be the physiological norm, regulated by a reflex, a healthy person does not feel the changes.

20-90 minutes a person breathes mostly, for example, through the right nostril. It accounts for 75% of the exhaled air, and on the left - less than 25%. Following 20-90 minutes - breath to 75% through the left nostril, respectively, through the right side of the nose extends at least 25% air. In the normal nasal cycle is not complete congestion.

When vasomotor rhinitis cycle is disrupted, the vessels dilate, rhinitis symptoms appear. Contributing factors considered deviated septum. It is noted in 95% of the people caused by inconsistency of growth of facial bones, trauma, rickets.

Classification

There are two main types of vasomotor rhinitis - allergic and neurovegetative, each of which has its own clinical picture and pathogenesis. In addition, isolated and under some species of rhinitis. These include rhinitis with impaired secretory function (hypersecretion, giposekretorny), rhinitis certain conditions of (permanent and seasonal), rhinitis with different course (acute, a sharp, chronic).

The disease develops most often due to excessive blood supply vessels of the nasal cavity. Because of them, namely due to the overflow vessel, and develops the mucosa edema, which leads to a priming of the nasal passages. mucosal vessels dilate and not only by blood but also as a result of irritation of nerve endings, which provoked both by the edema and the effect of infectious agents.

Symptoms in adults

If we compare the neurovegetative vasomotor rhinitis and allergic, the latter has a more pronounced symptoms, while the first is characterized by a smaller number of features and quite poorly to treatment.

The main symptoms of vasomotor rhinitis in an adult:

  • continuous or periodic sneezing (sometimes suddenly occurs and also suddenly stopped);
  • in allergic rhinitis can be observed: a slight increase in body temperature, lacrimation, redness of the eyes;
  • constant or intermittent one at a stuffy nose (a symptom of a more pronounced during the holidays, when a person takes a horizontal position);
  • It can be observed burning and itching sensation in the nasal sinuses;
  • feeling of fullness in the nasal cavity;
  • malaise, weakness;
  • human suffers heavy, moderate or scant mucous discharge from the nose;
  • neurovegetative form of the disease can cause neurological disorders as a result of violations of cerebral blood flow, changes in the heart and blood vessels.

The symptoms that are not related to the type of vasomotor rhinitis and can be observed in all its forms: insomnia, frequent headaches, loss of appetite and concentration, "pant", shortness of breath.

stage

The manifestation of symptoms and disease severity assistants conventionally divided into 4 stages.

I stage. Recurrent attacks. Patients report increased sensitivity to cold, the presence of moderate rhinitis. Characterized by recurrent nasal congestion, fatigue. When viewed noticeable violation of vascular membranes.
Step II. continuous attacks When viewed clearly visible pale and grayish mucous top visible granular growths in the lower and middle turbinate. There is a constant difficulty breathing through the nose, impaired sense of smell, drops vasoconstrictor no effect.
Step III. Polipoobrazovanie. In the nose during the formation of clearly visible flattened. Vasoconstrictor drops have no effect at this stage.
Step IV. carnification On the surface of the nasal passages clearly visible changes tissue structure expressed. Patients report a total loss of sense of smell, the constant lack of air permeability through the nose, and general symptoms of rhinitis.

Permanent stagnation or chronic mucous discharge in the nasal passages and turbinates, their swelling cause various complications.

Diagnostics

For the diagnosis is carried out such studies:

  • rinomanomeriya - a study to assess the extent of nasal breathing disorders;
  • endoscopy - it is necessary if you suspect the presence in the nasal passages of a foreign body;
  • rhinoscopy - reveals structural changes mucosa (visible only in acute rhinitis phase), the presence of polyps, a deviated septum;
  • X-rays of the sinuses - is appointed for suspected sinusitis;
  • CT scan - is performed to confirm the diagnosis and a more detailed study of the existing structures in the nose.

In addition, it is important to identify the allergic type. It means:

  • Laboratory analysis of blood (in allergic reactions, increased eosinophils in blood content and IgE is detected);
  • skin tests (to clarify the form of the allergen) - on the skin of the forearm are made small incisions, which drip solutions containing a given allergen.

To assess the immune status of the doctor may refer the patient to a special study - immunogram.

Treatment of vasomotor rhinitis

Integrated regimen set vasomotor rhinitis in adults will have greater efficacy if the trigger of the disease to be installed.

Reduce the attack of rhinitis help to the following activities:

  1. Eliminating the influence of specific factors, such as tobacco smoke, odors from chemical substances, of certain foods;
  2. Treatment of diseases of the stomach. Vasomotor rhinitis often occurs at reflux which is accompanied by regurgitation of gastric contents into the esophagus and the upper airway;
  3. In identifying the nasal malformations require surgical intervention;
  4. Reduce the frequency of attacks of moderate exercise, they include jogging, swimming, walking, exercise strengthens the nervous system and have a positive impact on the state of vessels;
  5. Contrast water shower. Alternately pouring body cold and hot water teaches the body to regulate the vascular tone and favorable effect on the immune system.

Drug therapy is selected based on the symptoms of the disease, presence of concomitant diseases and age of the patient.

drug therapy

Vasomotor rhinitis can not be cured without the use of specific drugs. As a rule, the physician makes the following appointments:

  1. The use of sprays, which are present in the composition of corticosteroid hormones series. These drugs are not addictive, does not penetrate into the blood and can be used for the treatment of vasomotor rhinitis even in children aged 2 years and older. The course of treatment sprays with corticosteroids and a long 30 days. The effect of the application of such funds will be noticeable immediately, so in this case it is important systematic use.
  2. Nasal wash seawater or sea brine. They are conducted at home twice a day for 5 days. Particular attention should be paid to the preparation of the salt solution: the temperature should be 38 degrees on average; all the salt crystals must be completely dissolved (optimum - strain solution prior to use); saline concentration must not be high (maximum 1 teaspoon per 200 ml water).
  3. The use of medications (sprays or drops), which can reduce the amount of mucus secreted. The composition of such funds must include ipratropium bromide.

Note: when diagnosed vasomotor rhinitis is strictly forbidden to use the drops with vasoconstrictor effect. This not only treats illness, but also leads to the development of complications.

Fizeoterapiya

Good therapeutic effect has the use of physical therapy techniques. Their essence is their direct action on the mucous membrane, but not on any of the reflex zones, which significantly improves the therapeutic effect.

  1. The most commonly used phonophoresis. The sensor is lubricated with a solution of hydrocortisone, after which the doctor lubricating movements leads them on the nasal mucosa. However, during the procedure, the role of hydrocortisone yet more is to achieve better ultrasonic propagation deep into the tissues than in the provision of therapeutic effect. Phonophoresis has virtually no contraindications to its use, making it one of the best physical therapy methods for getting rid of vasomotor rhinitis.
  2. Laser therapy. Using special tubes are placed in the nasal cavity. Due laser normalized normal vascular permeability, edema subsides. It has an effect mainly on small vessels. Laser radiation contributes to the restoration of normal metabolic processes in the cells of the vascular shell thereby reducing the volume of plasma passing through it, which reduces the resulting edema.
  3. Electrophoresis. The procedure is performed using calcium chloride solution. The inserted nose cotton swabs moistened with a solution of calcium chloride. They are joined by the electrodes. When an electric current occurs salt splitting into ions, which are easier to penetrate the mucosa. However, the effect of the action of ions develops very slowly. Current itself also has a stimulating effect, causes vasospasm, which is reduced due to swelling, and contributes to the normalization of charges mucosal cells, thereby strengthening them and dropping them permeability.

Do not apply physical therapy in acute infectious processes of the nasal cavity, since it is possible to provoke a significant degradation.

Surgical intervention

Elimination of vasomotor rhinitis by surgery based on the correction of the nasal septum and correcting its curvature.

It may be based on introduction into the nasal sinuses special preparations based novocaine and hormones. Also treat this kind of congestion removal of blood vessels, which causes swelling, ultrasound and laser irradiation.

Efficiency of the above methods is the same, but there are differences in the duration of the rehabilitation period and the termination of the formation of crusts in the nose.

Folk remedies

Getting national treatment, consider all the indications and contraindications, and it must be carried out best is exacerbations of the disease after primary treatment medical drugs.

  • Boil vegetable oil (water bath) to take one tablespoon of oil, add to it the same amount of fresh carrot juice and 2 drops of garlic juice. All carefully Stir and drop facility in each nostril 2 drops of at least 3 times a day. This tool can not be stored, it is necessary to prepare in the morning and in the amount that will need for the day.
  • Tonic effect on the body has a collection of herbs. Chamomile flowers, hawthorn, motherwort and cudweed in dry form must laugh, all herbs taken in equal amounts. To prepare the broth should take three tablespoons herb and fill it with 500 ml of boiling water. After infusion of fluid consumed during the day.
  • Constrict the vessels of the nose such means ka beet juice, decoction of calendula. When treating young children beet juice should be diluted in half with boiled water;
  • The positive effect is observed when using essential oils, but again, if there is no allergy to them. For inhalation must choose the means that have a calming effect, under the influence of normal activity of the nervous system;
  • Mix in equal proportions St. John's wort oil and honey, moisten the ready means of a cotton swab and inserted into the nasal passage (it is possible simultaneously in both) for 10 minutes. The procedure should be carried out for 5 consecutive days, but not more than 3 times a day.
  • Walnut oil. From fresh leaves of walnut and Vaseline prepare 10% peanut butter, it is stored in the refrigerator and lubricate nasal passages several times a day;
  • Infusion of hawthorn flowers made from three or four spoonfuls of dry material and a liter of boiling water. After infusion filter and take 150 milliliters of not less than three times per day.

Choosing popular treatments vasomotor rhinitis should not forget that you can cause exacerbation of the disease, if the pick up means is not true. This is especially true of vasomotor allergic rhinitis - herbal medicine may cause the development of allergies.

prevention

Preventive measures include:

  • avoid contact with irritants (allergens, alcohol, tobacco smoke, sharp odors, etc.);
  • special meals;
  • correction of abnormalities of the nose structure (e.g., a curvature of the nasal septum);
  • exercise (jogging, tempering, walking outdoors);
  • treatment of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract;
  • exclude the application of vasoconstrictors;
  • immediate access to a doctor when the first symptoms of the disease.

If any suspicion of such a rhinitis should be referred to specialists.

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