Nail fungus, photo initial stage. Symptoms and treatment of fungus

Every third person in the world faced with such a problem, as a bundle, and the crumbling of the nail plate blurred - is onychomycosis. The disease affects different age groups. Fungus toenails (pictures shown below), it is rapidly spreading and adapting to the new conditions.

A closer look at the main factors of occurrence, types and methods of fungus treatment at home.

Classification

Activators of this disease are saprophytes, mold fungi, candida and other pathogens.

The main types of the disease pathogens:

Epiderrnophyton floccosum. Antropofilnymi fungus that affects the horny layer of the epidermis. After infection on the skin start to appear scaly pink patches with the characteristic blurry edges. It transmits at the tactile contact or through household items.
Trichophyton rubrum and Trichophyton mentagrophytes. These are two kinds of yeast-like fungus Trihopitonov. Have a toxic effect, are capable of a long time to remain dormant, and activated after exposure to negative factors. The first symptoms - itching between the toes and the unpleasant smell, later a rash and peeling. Color sheets can remain unchanged.
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Mycologists are four species of fungal infection that can be caused by various fungi of the foot:

Worn form - the easiest. Characterized by a slight itching between the toes, and slight peeling of the skin. The reason is a saprophyte Candida. Its incubation period is 2 weeks. Most often patients simply do not notice signs of infection and are distributors of the fungus. Even in the absence of treatment, the disease clears up.
Squamous giperkeratoticheskaya. Advanced forms of this fungus stops can cause cracks and appearance of deep tissue damage the legs up to the ankle. It is noteworthy that there are no outward manifestations of the disease at an early stage. The sole is not scratched and does not hurt, sometimes there are small cracks;
Intertriginoznoy mezhdupaltsevaya or - the most common. Most often, the primary lesion begins to fold the thumb and forefinger, then spreading across the foot. Possible causes - contact with an infected person (surface), injury and failure to comply with rules of personal hygiene;
Disgidroticheskaya or vesicular form - mycosis, which provokes the appearance of lesions in the epidermis and local erosions. Transmitted exclusively from the patient, and very rarely diagnosed in the skin of the feet. It is believed that this fungus loves the hand and palm. In the absence of proper treatment due to exposure to pathogens occurs mycotic eczema.

Over time fungal lesions progress, although it happens very slowly. Sometimes people are living with for decades and fungi start to worry only when the nail is completely departs, there are painful. In total there are several stages.

Initial stage. Fungal infection is just beginning to destroy the nail, changing its color, clarity is lost.
The appearance of hyperkeratosis. This phenomenon, when in mycosis nail begins to thicken, it becomes very dense, sometimes strongly growing. By the end of this step, the nail plate becomes loose, sometimes its upper layers can simply be scraped off with a finger.
In the next step the fungal infection is moved under the nail. The cuticle is separated from the nail plate, nail roller may blush, swelling and inflamed.
Advanced stages. The nail is atrophied, it completely changes the color. At this stage, the nail plate is often completely destroyed or leaves.

Desirably suspect nail fungus in the initial stages, at advanced stage it is difficult to treat and long, sometimes requires the complete removal of the nail plate. It is not necessary to run the athlete's foot.

symptoms

Onychomycosis often affects the toenails, less likely to suffer hand. The disease begins with the thumb and little finger (touched outer edge) smoothly hitting all plates.

Determine the fungal infection will help lead the symptoms of onychomycosis (see. Photo):

in stripes and spots whitish or greenish hue under the nails;
clouding plate changing its color (from yellow to dark brown);
redness and peeling of the skin around the nail;
the appearance of roughness on the feet and between the fingers;
mold growth on the nails.

To know how to recognize the disease in the early stages, you can see the main manifestation of nail fungus in the photo. This will allow at least roughly understand how to begin the development of infection, and in the case of similar symptoms, consult a doctor.

It looks like a fungus on a photo

In any case, the initial examination legs made independently. Not to be confused with the fungus possible corns or conventional mechanical injuries of the foot, be sure to check the photo of nail fungus in the initial and advanced stage.

Diagnostics

There are more than 50 subspecies of fungi that cause onychomycosis, so accurately determine the kind is possible only in laboratory conditions. Preliminary diagnostics in the home is possible from the second stage, when symptoms appear.

You need to see the nail plate to determine the localization of a fungal infection.
Another criterion is the shape change of the nail thickness, the presence of loose flakes and crumbling.
The determining factor may be the color of the infection foci.
It is necessary to evaluate the skin and hair condition at the time of detection of onychomycosis: many fungi hit them first, and then move on to the nail plate.

In some cases, the agent is several kinds of fungal infections. Combinations with dermatophytes the yeast or mold with Candida.

Treatment of nail fungus in the initial stage

In the event of such a disease is possible embodiment 3 treatments, all depends on the stage on which the fungus. So this:

local application of drugs;
application of oral preparations;
Combination therapy.

Local medications are presented with different ointments, gels, suspensions, emulsions and other forms of external preparations. They act only in the lesion and not penetrate into the bloodstream. Used mainly in the early stages of tinea or small foci of infection. Treatment usually ranges from a week to several months, depending on the neglect of the lesion.

Oral drugs are ingested and exposed to the pathogen inside body disease. Have side effects, and influence not only on the affected area, but also on the body as a whole. In some cases, a single application is sometimes required treatment. Apply when severe lesions and advanced stages of fungal diseases.
Combination therapy is increasingly used. Step external drugs reduces the intensity of symptoms, it accelerates the healing of damaged areas and the tablets are on the inside of the causative agent.

Under either option treatment therapy must not be interrupted. Regimen and duration determined by the physician. Generally, treatment is continued after the disappearance of symptoms and the external manifestations of mycoses several days (about one week).

Varnishes and ointments against fungus

If nail fungus is not running, and at an early stage, it is necessary to try to apply paints and ointments, which contribute to the softening of the affected area. In this case, the fungus spores are killed under the influence of the drug.

The most common anti-fungal lacquer consider "Lamisil" "Lotseril", "Demikten", "Batrafen". Observing precepts, varnish is applied twice a week for several months until a healthy nail grows back completely not.
Also well known are: creams - "Zalain", "Bifosin", "Nizoral", "Mikozoral", "Mifungar", "Terbinoks", "Atifin", "Mikonorm", "Terbizil", "Fundizol" "Terbinafine"; sprays - "Termikon" Lamitel "Terbiks". Apply to the affected area clean, dry fungal nail and finger portion. Antifungal liquid "Fukortsin" containing boric acid, and resorcinol, promotes drying and disinfecting the affected areas of skin and nail.
Antiseptic "Iodinol" created on the basis of iodine, accelerates the healing process and update the nail itself and the portion around it. After spray application can display allergic reactions such as stinging, itching.

For the treatment of nail should choose one type of drug. Alternate, funds should not be changed, such manipulations will reduce the effectiveness of the treatment modality. Before using Please read the contraindications. Pregnant women, children and people suffering from intolerance to individual use antifungal lacquer for the treatment prohibited.

Before applying the lacquer, or ointment affected nail fungus portion should be possible to remove via a special nail file, the bundled with medication. Degrease nail aqueous-alcoholic solution, a layer of lacquer which must be replaced every few days. Before the procedure can take soap-soda foot bath. Deleted lacquer as well as ornamental, with organic solvents.

ethnoscience

Mycosis of the nails in the initial stage can be treated and household ways. Folk remedies are good assistants in the treatment of disease.

Sea salt. This tool is best combined with conservative treatment. Baths with sea salt - the recommended preparatory procedure before applying the local media. On a small amount of hot water is necessary to take one teaspoon salt legs hold approximately 15-20 minutes.
Baths of decoction of willow twigs used 3 times a week. To prepare to collect the young shoots, cut into small pieces, take a 500 gr. Raw pour 2 liters of water. Boil, reduce the heat and let stand 10 minutes. After cooling the broth and strain it to keep your feet for 20 minutes.
Tea tree oil. Injured nails must be lubricated before going to bed, bandaged and left overnight. In the morning remove the bandage, clean the nail from the stratum corneum and then drop tea tree oil, but not bandaging. Treatment is important to continue until then, until you begin to grow healthy nail.
Vinegar bath. In 2 liters of hot water (37 ° C) diluted 5 Art. l. A 9% vinegar. Legs must float in such a solution for at least half an hour. Further, the softened nail file clean off the horny layer of the nail, and pumice treat affected areas between the foot and the toes. After such manipulation is recommended to apply antifungal cream or solution. Procedures done regularly (1-2 times a day) for a month.
Celandine. This plant has long been used for diseases of the skin and nails. It has to be handled with care because of the active "caustic" effect. Against the fungus used celandine juice, teas and oils on the basis of this plant.

laser therapy

Laser therapy - one of the newest treatments for nail fungus, especially in the later stages. This method - an alternative to surgical removal, followed by a long recovery period. In the laser treatment are intact healthy tissue during the procedure, the patient does not feel pain and other unpleasant sensations.

Cons of laser treatment: the highest price between the procedures need to take breaks, hold them can only qualified dermatologist. Regardless of the chosen method of treatment it is necessary to observe all the rules of personal hygiene. Nail fungus may recur, treatment will not be effective if it does not do.

In the treatment of nail fungus on my feet need to conduct regular hygiene, to frequently change socks, airing after shoes socks. The same rules should be followed to nail mycosis did not appear again after the treatment.

prevention

Of course, the better to prevent fungus, what then for a long time to deal with its consequences.

How to protect against fungus:

At the first signs of the fungus (itching, redness, peeling), it is necessary to grease plentifully foot salicylic ointment. It has a strong antibacterial effect and moisturize the skin. Instead, it is also suitable or sulfuric streptocidal;
Before each visit to the pool, sauna, gym or other place where you need to take off one's shoes, it is important to treat foot skin protective cream. This wax "healthy", pasta Teymurova and other drugs.
Regularly treat shoes, if possible, wash it and dry in the fresh air. Needless to enjoy this special structures. Most products can be cleaned from the inside with alcohol or other antibacterial solutions.

In order to strengthen the skin and provide local immunity, suitable recipe profilaktiruet mixtures based on onions. One onion pounded with two spoons of honey. The resulting paste is applied to the skin of the feet and palms. It is desirable to withstand the mask for 30 minutes. Repeat every other day;