Miscellaneous

Skin basal cell carcinoma: symptoms image, in the initial stage of treatment

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Bazalioma - a locally infiltrative (germinating) formation, which is formed from the epidermal cells or hair follicles and is characterized by slow growth, very rare metastasis and non-corrosive properties. It is characterized by the frequent recurrence after excision. Her peripheral cells histologically resemble the cells of the basal layer of the epidermis, so it got its name.

This skin disease occurs mainly in open areas of the skin, the most exposed to sunlight. These are, first of all, the skin on the head, primarily in frontotemporal zone and neck. Basal cell carcinoma skin most often localized on the nose, in the nasolabial folds, and on the eyelids. On average, 96% of patients it identity, at 2.6% - multiple (2-7 or more foci).

What it is?

Basal cell carcinoma, basal cell carcinoma - a malignant skin tumor that develops from the basal layer of the epidermis, characterized by slow growth and the absence of metastases.

Causes of

Reasons for the development of basal cell carcinoma, as well as other tumors, is currently uncertain. However revealed the so-called predisposing factors, the presence of which in humans increases the risk of developing basal cell carcinoma. For such predisposing factors include the following:

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  1. Solarium for a long time;
  2. Bright skin;
  3. Tendency to sunburn;
  4. Celtic origin;
  5. Working with arsenic compounds;
  6. The use of drinking water containing arsenic;
  7. Inhalation combustion products of oil shale;
  8. Lowered immunity;
  9. Albinism;
  10. The presence of pigment kerodermy;
  11. The presence of the syndrome Gorlinga Goltz;
  12. Frequent and prolonged exposure to the sun, including work in direct sunlight;
  13. The tendency to freckle formation after a short while under direct sunlight;
  14. Frequent and prolonged contact with carcinogenic substances, such as soot, tar, tar, paraffin wax, bitumen and creosote oil products;
  15. Exposure to ionizing radiation, including radiation therapy produced previously;
  16. burns;
  17. Scars on the skin;
  18. Sores on the skin.

In addition to predisposing factors, basal cell carcinoma, there are pre-cancerous disease, the presence of which significantly increases the risk of developing cancer because they can degenerate into cancer. By precancerous diseases of basal cell carcinoma include the following:

  1. Actinic keratosis;
  2. Xeroderma pigmentosum;
  3. keratoacanthoma;
  4. Cutaneous horn;
  5. Verrutsioformnaya epidermodysplasia Lewandowski-Lutz;
  6. Giant condyloma Buschke-Loewenstein;
  7. Leykopiya.

When the skin above precancerous diseases to cure them promptly because if the data is able to leave without attention, they can degenerate into a malignant tumor, and not only in basal, but in melanoma or squamous cell cancer skin.

The most commonly basal cell carcinoma localized in the following areas of the skin:

  1. Upper lip;
  2. The upper or lower eyelid;
  3. Nose;
  4. Nasolabial folds;
  5. cheeks;
  6. Auricle;
  7. Neck;
  8. Scalp;
  9. Forehead.

In 90% of cases of basal cell carcinoma is localized to these areas of the face skin. The remaining 10% of cases the tumor can form on the skin of the trunk, arms or legs.

View photo.

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symptoms

Manifestations of basal cell carcinoma when formed neoplasm is quite a character, which makes it quite accurately diagnose a patient already under examination. External signs determined by the type of tumor.

In the initial stage bazalioma (see. photo) may be in the form of the usual "pimple", not cause any inconvenience. Over time, as the tumor growth, formation takes the form assembly, ulcers or thick plaques.

  • The most common kind of basal cell carcinoma is considered nodular variant, manifested appearance of a small painless pinkish nodule on the skin surface. With the growth of the nodule tends to ulcerate, so on the surface appears a depression covered with a crust. Neoplasm slowly increases in size, it is also possible the emergence of new structures such that the surface reflects the multicentric type of tumor growth. Over time, the nodules are merged together, forming a dense infiltration, penetrating deeper into the underlying tissue, involving not only the subcutaneous layer, but also cartilage, ligaments, bones. Nodular form most often develops on the face, century, in the nasolabial triangle.
  • Nodular neoplasia growth is also evident as a single unit, but unlike the previous embodiment, the tumor does not grow to be inclined to the fabric and oriented node outwards.
  • Surface shape - looks like a round plaque red-brown color, more than one centimeter in diameter. The surface tumor sites covered crusts, tiled atrophied, can have portions of different pigmentation. Periods atrophy, and peeling of active growth waves succeed each other in different areas of the tumor, therefore its surface is non-uniform. On the edge there is also a characteristic raised above the skin surface of the pearl border. This form has the most benign among all basaliomas, skin infiltration is practically absent.
  • Warty (papillary), basal cell carcinoma characterized by a surface growth does not cause destruction of the underlying tissues, and looks like a cauliflower.
  • Pigment variant of basal cell carcinoma contains melanin, which gives it the dark color and the similarity of the other highly malignant tumor - melanoma.
  • Scar shape - looks like a solid flat waxy plaque gray-pink color, which does not protrude above the surface of the skin, and eventually even become depressed inward. The edges of the tumor with clear pearl shade, elevated above the skin surface. Along the edge of the tumor appear periodically erosion, which further scarring. Infiltration of surrounding tissue is considerably larger than the visible growth of a tumor, which often leads to late treatment of the patient for the qualified help. Localization scar on the basal cell carcinoma of the head unseemly, on the nose is considered unfavorable, since the sooner is the destruction of bone and cartilage.
  • Ulcers form of basal cell carcinoma is quite dangerous because it tends to quickly destroy the subject and the surrounding tissue swelling. ulcers center sinks, coated gray-black crust edges raised, pinkish pearl, with an abundance of the blood vessels.

The main signs of basal cell carcinoma are reduced to the presence of structures in the skin as described above, which for a long time, do not bother, but still increase their sizes, even for several years, involvement in the pathological process of the surrounding soft tissues, blood vessels, nerves, bones and cartilage very dangerous.

In the late stage of tumor patients experience pain, impaired function of the affected parts of the body are possible bleeding, suppuration neoplasm growth at the site, formation of fistulas to neighboring organs. They represent a great danger tumor tissue destroying eye, ear, penetrating into the cranial cavity and germinating cord. Prognosis in these cases is unfavorable.

What is basal cell carcinoma: photo

The photo shows how the disease manifests itself in the initial, as well as other phases in different areas of the body.

View photo.

Basal cell carcinoma in the early stages

superficial basal cell carcinoma

Basal cell carcinoma of the scalp.

Basal cell carcinoma on his nose

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What is dangerous basal cell carcinoma, and whether you want to delete it?

During long-term growth, it gradually penetrates into the deeper layers, destroying soft, cartilaginous and bone tissues. It marked propensity of tumor cells to spread along the nerve and nerve trunks, of the periosteum and between layers of tissues. If it is not promptly removed, tissue destruction will lead not only to cosmetic defects.

Basal cell carcinoma leads to destruction of cartilage and bone of the nose and the ear, to disfigurement and deformation of the nose and the ear, to the ever-festering wound of joining a secondary infection. The tumor can be transferred from the wings of the nose to the mucous membranes of the nose, mouth, destroy bone the skull, including forming the eye socket to eye disorders and hearing loss, damage to the eye apple.

But what is particularly dangerous - it spread to the cranial cavity (intracranial) through natural cavities and holes in it with brain damage and death. In addition, although extremely rare, basal cell carcinoma, nevertheless, metastasizes (described 200 cases).

Diagnostics

If the visual inspection physician suspected the patient's basal cell carcinoma, the diagnosis is confirmed cytological and histological examination of smears or scrapings from the surface neoplasms. In the presence of cords or gnezdovidnyh clusters of spindle-shaped, round or oval cells with thin rims of cytoplasm around the diagnosis is confirmed. Assays for skin cancer (smear-fingerprint) taken from the bottom of the ulcer and determine the cellular composition.

If, for example, to diagnose ovarian cancer tumor marker is used CA-125, there is no specific blood cancer markers for determining the malignancy of basal cell carcinoma. They might with accuracy to confirm its development in cancer. In other laboratory analyzes can reveal leukocytosis, increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate, positive thymol, increased C-reactive protein. These figures correspond and other inflammatory diseases. At the time of diagnosis there is some confusion, so they are rarely used to confirm the diagnosis of tumors.

However, due to diverse histological basal cell carcinoma, as well as its clinical forms, differential diagnosis is carried out to exclude (or confirm) other skin diseases. For example, lupus erythematosus, lichen planus, seborrheic keratosis, Bowen's disease should be differentiated from the flat surface of basal cell carcinoma. Melanoma (cancer moles) - form of the pigment, scleroderma and psoriasis - from sklerodermiformnoy tumor.

View photo.

nodular basal cell carcinoma

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Basal cell carcinoma - the treatment or removal of tumors?

A method of treating basal cell carcinoma is selected individually depending on the size of the tumor, its location, form and clinical morphological type, degree sprouting into adjacent tissue. It has a value of primary tumor occurrence or relapse. Taking into account the results of previously conducted treatment, the patient's age and associated diseases.

  1. Surgical method - the most common method of removal of basal cell carcinoma of the skin. Usually assigned if the neoplasm is located in a safe area for this purpose, as is excised along with the tumor to the surrounding tissue 2 cm. The operation is performed with a scalpel (for sklerodermiformnoy form and recurrence with surgical microscope), under local anesthesia, which allows patients to write out the same day.
  2. Laser removal of basal cell carcinoma is well suited for older people who have surgery can cause complications. It also applies in the case of localization of basal cell carcinoma on the face, because it gives a good cosmetic effect. Local chemotherapy basal cell carcinoma is carried out by applying appliqués of cytostatics (fluorouracil, metatreksat et al.) To the affected skin.
  3. Cryodestruction basalioma liquid nitrogen - quick and painless procedure, but it is only effective in cases of superficial tumors or eliminates the occurrence of a relapse. Radiation therapy for basal cell carcinoma small amount of process step I-II is carried out by near-focus X-ray of the affected area. In the case of extensive damage last is combined with distant gamma-therapy. In complex cases (frequent relapses, the large size of the tumor or its deep germination) radiotherapy may be combined with surgical treatment.

In general, due to the absence of metastasis, a favorable prognosis. However, in advanced stages, and in the absence of adequate treatment of basal cell carcinoma prognosis can be very serious. Great value for recovery is early treatment of basal cell carcinoma. Due to the inclination of basal cell carcinoma in frequent recurrence, tumor more than 20 mm is considered running.

If the treatment is carried out until the tumor has not reached such dimensions and does not start to germinate the subcutaneous tissue, the 95-98% observed sustained recovery. In the propagation of basal cell carcinoma in the underlying tissues after treatment remain significant cosmetic defects.

Possible recurrence after excision

Even if the tumor properly operated, and the patient was cured, the tumor can recur.

The possibility of recurrence of the tumor is evaluated by doctors in 30% or more, depending on the histology of tumors, its extent and localization of how well the patient underwent surgery.

More than 70% of patients relapse of basal cell carcinoma occurs within 5 years after its removal. Often tumor recurrence in aggressively developing: growing rapidly, let metastasis, etc...

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removal of basal cell carcinoma

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Folk remedies

At home, these traditional methods are most effective in the treatment of basal cell carcinoma:

  1. Fresh juice of celandine. To obtain enough to break a sprig of the plant. After a few seconds, the fault will make the juice, which can lubricate the basal 3 - 4 times a day.
  2. Ointment with burdock and celandine. For the preparation of ointments take 1/2 cup chopped herbs burdock and celandine and pour the melted lard. Then the mixture was put in an oven at 150o for 2 h. The finished ointment shift into a convenient container and insist 2 days at room temperature and then applied to a thick layer of swelling 3 times a day.
  3. Juice golden mustache. For plant juice golden whiskers completely washed and passed through a meat grinder. Chopped plant collected in cheesecloth and squeeze the juice into a convenient container. Then, in this juice moistened cotton swab and applied it to basal at day.

These traditional methods can be used, there is no facility to remove the basal to the maximum slow down tumor growth and prevent its germination in the deep-lying tissue.

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