Lymphocytosis in adults. The reasons for what it is, symptoms, treatment, blood test

Lymphocytosis in adults occurs as a result of increased levels of white blood cells, for the production of which the bone marrow is responsible. In most cases, the pathological condition is not an independent phenomenon, it is provoked by other diseases and disorders in the human body.

It is necessary to consult a physician, therapist, undergo a comprehensive diagnosis and determine the cause of the high level of lymphocytes. Based on the information received, the specialist will select the most effective treatment in order to prevent possible complications.

What is lymphocytosis?

Lymphocytosis is a pathological condition characterized by a high level of lymphocytes in the peripheral circulation in an adult. In most cases, classical lymphocytosis is considered as a complex of pathologies.

Blood cells protect the human body from various diseases. When pathogenic agents are detected, the level of lymphocytes increases. The thymus and bone marrow are responsible for their production. Therefore, if the level of lymphocytes is high, it means that a pathological process develops in the human body.

Causes of lymphocytosis

There are numerous disorders and pathological conditions, against the background of which the level of lymphocytes changes. A comprehensive diagnosis, which is prescribed by a doctor, taking into account the patient's complaints and a preliminary examination, will help to establish an accurate diagnosis.

Name	Description
Physiological conditions	nervous and emotional stress; drug addiction; acute or chronic intoxication of the body (poisoning with carbon disulfide, arsenic, lead); severe depletion of the human body.
Viral infections	rubella, chickenpox, measles, scarlet fever; viral hepatitis C; AIDS, HIV; Infectious mononucleosis; measles; ARVI; cytomegalovirus infection.
Bacterial infections	tuberculosis; staphylococcus; syphilis; typhoid fever; whooping cough; Maltese fever (brucellosis).
Malignant blood diseases	chronic lymphocytic leukemia; acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
Endocrine Disorders	hyperthyroidism; Addison's disease.
Other reasons	great physical activity for a long time; autoimmune disorders; overdose of analgesics; avitaminosis; long-term smoking; allergic reaction; premenstrual period; prolonged fasting, adherence to a strict diet; stressful conditions that provoke hormonal imbalance; splenectomy.

The provoking sources of lymphocytosis in adults are also parasitic infection of the body, rheumatic pathologies (gout, arthritis), damage to the lymphatic system.

Symptoms of lymphocytosis

The clinical picture of a pathological condition in an adult depends on the disease that provoked an increase in the level of blood cells. The same applies to the immune system of the human body and its individual characteristics.

Lymphocytosis in adults (the causes of the disease will be determined by a physician by prescribing a complete medical examination) accompanied by the following symptoms:

• enlarged lymph nodes, spleen, liver;
• the mucous membrane of the oral cavity becomes inflamed;
• there is an infection of the sinuses;
• the general condition of the body worsens;
• the organs of the respiratory system are affected;
• the body temperature drops or rises;
• the inflammatory process affects the cortical space of the brain;
• a person is shivering, there is a general depletion of the body;
• the functioning of the gastrointestinal tract is disrupted, there is nausea, paroxysmal vomiting, diarrhea or constipation;
• there is a malfunction in the functioning of the central nervous system, a person is tormented by insomnia;
• against the background of high body temperature, the patient's tonsils enlarge.

Based on a person's complaints, the therapist prescribes a comprehensive examination. The results of a blood test will show an increase in lymphocytes in the tissues of the bone marrow.

Classification

Lymphocytosis in medicine is classified into the following types:

Name	Description
Absolute	There is a relative increase in blood cells in comparison with the established norms. A pathological condition indicates the development of a serious illness in the human body. Urgent medical attention is needed.
Relative	Normal and frequent occurrence characterized by normal lymphocyte counts. The ratio with other blood cells changes. This happens after an infectious disease at the stage of recovery. In some situations, relative lymphocytosis indicates the development of an early stage of a certain pathology.
Infectious lymphocytosis	A pathological condition that occurs as a result of an acute viral infection of the human body.

There is also temporary and permanent lymphocytosis. In the first case, we are talking about infection of the body, damage, poisoning or taking certain medications. Persistent lymphocytosis is a consequence of a serious illness that requires the attention of a general practitioner.

Diagnostics

The cause of lymphocytosis in adults as accurately as possible helps to determine the general blood count. The sampling of the test material is carried out in the morning on an empty stomach.

Blood test results will help identify the following abnormalities:

1. An increase in the level of lymphocytes, a decrease in the number of platelets.
2. The development of leukopenia (a pathological condition that is a complication of a viral disease).
3. The level of red blood cells rises.
4. There is a simultaneous decrease in the concentration of leukocytes and lymphocytes.

In some situations, there are no clinical signs of concomitant diseases with lymphocytosis.

The patient is prescribed additional diagnostic tests:

Name	Description
Blood test for tumor markers	The most informative diagnostic method that allows you to identify cancer processes at an early stage. Tumor markers are specific cells that are produced by malignant neoplasms.
CT scan	Diagnostic methods that allow you to view the human body layer by layer and determine various diseases, assess the state of internal organs.
Magnetic resonance imaging
Ultrasound examination (ultrasound)	The specialist examines the abdominal and pelvic organs, assesses their condition and functioning.
X-ray	Internal organs are examined for the detection of pathological processes. The functioning and the degree of their defeat are assessed.
Fibrogastroduodenoscopy (FGDS)	A specialist examines the esophagus, stomach and duodenum using an endoscope. The examination is prescribed for patients with lesions of the digestive system.

Suspicions of malignant processes and detection of cancerous neoplasms require a biopsy.

Correction of blood counts

Treatment of lymphocytosis is carried out by complex methods. Patients are prescribed medications, it is recommended to adhere to a diet. In the absence of serious contraindications, you can use folk remedies.

Additionally, complex therapy provides for patients to attend physiotherapy procedures. In difficult situations, surgery is performed.

Medicines

Medicines are selected by a doctor, referring to the results obtained after a comprehensive examination. It is important to adhere strictly to the prescribed treatment regimen, as many drugs cause side effects. It is also impossible to take funds on your own, you can aggravate the state of health, cause complications.

Lymphocytosis in adults (the causes of the disease are taken into account by a physician when prescribing a therapy regimen) is treated with the following drugs:

Drug group	Name	Application
Antiviral drugs	Gronprinosin, Interferon	The medicine is taken orally after meals. The dosage for the patient is calculated taking into account the age and body weight of the person, and is 50 mg / kg. The medicine is taken 3 times a day. The course of treatment lasts 5-14 days. With interruptions, this period is 1-6 months.
Antibacterial agents	Amoxicillin, Sumamed	For adults, the drug is prescribed 500 mg 3 times a day. The treatment lasts 5-12 days.
Antifungal drugs	Nystatin, Fluconazole	The tablets are taken orally, regardless of food, without chewing and drinking plenty of water. The adult dosage is 500,000 IU 3-4 times a day. The duration of treatment takes 10-14 days. Chronic diseases require 2-3 courses of therapy with short breaks.
Antipyretic drugs	Ibuprofen, Paracetamol	The medicine is recommended to be taken orally with meals. Adults are prescribed 1200-1800 mg per day. The dosage must be divided into 2-3 doses.
Probiotics	Bifidumbacterin, Enterol	For adults and children, the medicine is prescribed, taking into account the patient's condition and disease. The recommended dosage is 1 capsule 2-3 times a day. The course of treatment lasts on average 2-4 weeks, sometimes it is extended up to 3 months.
Immunostimulants	Immunal, Immunoris	The tablets are taken orally with a small amount of liquid. Adults are prescribed 1 capsule 3-4 times a day. The course of therapy should not be less than 1 week.
Vitamin and mineral complexes	Pikovit, Vitrum	It is recommended to dissolve the medicine until it is completely dissolved. Patients should take 1 tablet once a day, preferably after meals. The course of therapy lasts at least 2 months.

The patient's treatment regimen is selected depending on the established diagnosis. The doctor takes into account not only pathological processes, but also the individual characteristics of the human body.

Procedures and operations

Lymphocytosis in adults (the causes of the disease must be determined at an early stage in the development of pathology), in addition to drug therapy, it is treated with physiotherapy procedures.

Surgical treatment is indicated for patients in difficult situations, given the main reason that provoked an increase in the level of white blood cells. In most cases, this applies to oncological diseases and plastic anemia, when the work of the hematopoietic system is disrupted.

Surgical intervention is performed for bone marrow transplantation.

The procedure is carried out by the following methods:

Name	Description
Autologous transplantation (autologous transplantation)	The patient is transplanted with a portion of his own bone marrow. Cells are first harvested and frozen. Specially selected treatment of a person is carried out. After the therapy, the bone marrow is transplanted to the place where it was most affected by the medication.
Isotransplantation (syngeneic transplantation)	The operation is performed if there is a person with a similar set of genes (identical twins).
Allotransplantation (allogeneic transplantation)	Stem cells are transplanted from a donor.

After surgery, there is always a risk of complications and consequences. The doctor selects the surgical treatment, taking into account the patient's age, concomitant diseases and individual characteristics of the organism.

Treatment with folk remedies

Non-traditional treatment is carried out in complex therapy and involves the use of recipes by healers, if there are no serious contraindications. Natural ingredients are used for recipes, they can provoke an allergic reaction or individual sensitivity. It is important to discuss the treatment with your doctor before using them.

Effective traditional medicine recipes:

Name	Recipe	Application
Herbal collection	Mix in equal parts lemon balm, mint, chamomile, yarrow. Pour 1 tbsp. herbal collection with boiling water (1 tbsp.). Insist and strain.	The finished broth can be drunk like tea, 2-3 times a day for 1 tbsp.
Linden broth	Pour the flowers of the plant (1 tablespoon) with hot water (1 tablespoon), stand for 20 minutes and strain.	It is recommended to drink linden broth 3 times a day for 0.5 tbsp. The medicine has a sedative effect, improves sleep and increases the body's defenses.
Dandelion root	Pour 2 tbsp. raw materials with hot water (250 ml). Insist, cool and strain.	The finished product is recommended for use with lymphocytosis in 3 tbsp. in a day. The broth helps to increase the body's defenses and has a positive effect on the functioning of the liver.
Stinging nettle	Brew 2 tablespoons. leaves of the plant with boiling water (1 tbsp.), insist and strain.	The tool is recommended to be taken every day for 3 tbsp. Stinging nettle activates metabolic processes in the human body. In a short period, the broth restores the composition of the blood.
Beet infusion	Wash a small vegetable and cut into thin slices. Fill with hot water (1.5 l). It is recommended to add table salt (1 tsp) and a small amount of natural honey (2 tsp) to the resulting mixture. The finished mass must be insisted for 3 days.	A folk remedy is recommended to be taken for 2 weeks. Adults need to drink a ready-made solution of 50 ml 3 times a day.

Eleutherococcus tincture will help to strengthen the immune system. It is also recommended to drink 2 tbsp of natural freshly prepared juices. everyday.

Diet

Treatment of lymphocytosis in adults, regardless of the established cause of its occurrence, requires the use of complex methods, including dietary nutrition. A properly formulated diet accelerates the body's recovery process. Products for him are a source of energy, protein, vitamins, minerals.

Featured Products	Prohibited foods
red and green vegetables whole grain bread, crispbread oat groats fermented milk products nuts, seeds citrus fruits, berries, dried fruits natural juices lean fish and meat	fatty, fried, smoked and canned foods sweets, chocolates, fresh baked goods sweet carbonated drinks, energy drinks coffee, strong tea alcoholic drinks

An adult's diet should be rational and varied; only natural products should be added to the menu. Red and green vegetables contain a large amount of vegetable fiber, which helps to remove harmful substances from the human body.

Consequences and complications

Lymphocytosis in adults (the causes of the pathological condition will help determine a comprehensive examination) must be treated immediately when the first violations appear. Progressive pathological processes will lead to the emergence of numerous pathologies and failures.

The patient will have serious complications and consequences:

Name	Description
Change in blood composition	There is a change in the concentration of all components and elements that are contained in the blood. Its color also changes. The consequence of this process may be the development of a serious illness.
Poor blood clotting	The pathological condition is characterized by an insufficient amount of certain enzymes in the blood. The production of platelets decreases. Poor blood clotting can be life threatening. The lethal outcome occurs as a result of large blood loss.
Development of malignant processes	Leukemia is characterized by mutations in bone marrow cells. The process of hematopoiesis is disrupted. The body's susceptibility to infections decreases, and concomitant clinical signs appear.
Pneumonia	A pathological condition characterized by damage to the respiratory system. It often results from whooping cough. A bacterial infection that is transmitted by airborne droplets.
Cerebral hemorrhage	A dangerous complication for a person's life, when the integrity of a blood vessel in the brain area is violated. In medicine, this pathological condition is called hemorrhagic stroke. Damage to vital centers in the brain stem region will lead to respiratory arrest and cardiac arrest.

A high level of lymphocytes provokes a blockage of blood vessels in vital internal organs. Complications arise not only against the background of an increased concentration of blood cells. The consequences provoke concomitant diseases or pathologies that have developed against the background of lymphocytosis.

Forecast

The prognosis depends on numerous factors, including the state of the human body, how quickly he turned to the hospital for help. Pathological processes can be accompanied not only by clinical signs, but also by concomitant diseases that will also need to be treated. Correctly selected therapy also affects the prognosis of the disease.

Lymphocytosis in adults is the cause of the development of a serious illness. The patient needs to go to the hospital to see a therapist if there are abnormalities or clinical signs of malfunctions in the body. Untimely or incorrectly selected therapy will entail serious complications, which will be more difficult to deal with.

Video about lymphocytes

Question to an immunologist about lymphocytes: