Lyme disease: Avril Lavigne, Bella Hadid, Justin Bieber, Ashley Olsen. Photos, treatment, reasons

The infectious pathology is caused by Borrelia. The bacteria are carried primarily by ticks, but may be present in lice (human or pubic).

Other names for the disease are lymporreliosis, tick-borne borreliosis. Lyme disease occurs in celebrities. For example, Avril Lavigne, Justin Bieber. Pathology requires treatment with medicines, folk remedies and other methods.

What is disease?

Lyme disease (Avril Lavigne and Justin Bieber are celebrities who were infected) is an infectious disease characterized by widespread symptoms. Borrelia are bacteria most commonly carried by ticks. But their presence in human and pubic lice is not excluded.

The most optimal temperature for the growth and development of the pathogen is 33 degrees. Despite this, during frost (down to -90 degrees) the bacterium remains active for several years.

Previously, it was believed that the causative agent of the disease is the only borrelia - burgdoferi (burgdoferi). But at present, more than 10 groups of bacteria have been isolated. The most common are burgdoferi, azelii, garinii.

Pathology is common in America, Europe and Asia. The name of the disease originated from the city of Lyme (USA). In 1975 g. there was a large infectious outbreak, including various manifestations - meningitis, arthritis. In the Russian Federation, 6-9 thousand people are registered every year. new cases of the disease.

According to the latitude of distribution, a forest-steppe or forest zone is distinguished in the Russian Federation. In nature, Borrelia circulate between ticks and wild animals. According to statistics, of all infections that are transmitted during a tick bite, Lyme disease is the most common - it takes 64%.

A specific feature of Borrelia is retirement. That is, the ability to live for a long time. Bacteria can persist in the human body for more than 10 years. Borrelia evade the reaction of the immune system, as a result, chronic pathology develops.

Carriers of the disease are ixodid ticks. The parasite has a dark brown color, the body resembles a piece of dirt or a crust on an abrasion.

Most often, infection occurs in spring and summer. That is, from April to June (inclusive). But the period may shift, depending on weather conditions. For example, if the warm temperature starts earlier, the mites activate faster. The first peak in incidence occurs in the spring and summer.

The second wave of infected occurs from late summer to early autumn. That is, from August to October. The period of Lyme disease infection is associated with tick activity. Parasites are activated in the morning and evening. Less activity of ticks is manifested in heat and rain.

The disease occurs regardless of the age category. But most often, Lyme disease is diagnosed in children and adolescents under 15 years of age. And also pathology occurs in adults aged 25 - 44 years.

Transmission routes

Animals are the source of infection. Most often, the disease is transmitted from dogs (domestic or wild) birds, deer. And infection from rodents, wolves, raccoons is also possible. Borrelia migrate by attaching themselves to birds.

Several types of bacteria are allowed in one tick (symbiosis). Among parasites, the pathogen is transmitted by the transovarian method, that is, from the female to the offspring. Ticks live up to 2 years, can be found on plants (shrubs, the height of which does not exceed 1 meter). Males die after mating. Accordingly, only females can overwinter.

Lyme disease (Avril Lavigne and Ben Stiller were infected) can be transmitted in a variety of ways.

The most common ones are:

• saliva of an infected tick;
• the penetration of bacteria into the wound - for example, if a person scratches the site of a tick bite or rubs the feces of a parasite;
• incorrect extraction of the tick, that is, crushing it.

There is an alimentary route of infection. That is, through the use of unboiled milk from a sick animal (goat, cow).

Infection from a sick person is excluded. That is, the pathology is not dangerous for others. Additionally, it is impossible to get infected through sexual intercourse. The fact is that Borrelia are in the blood, and accordingly they are not released into the air during sneezing or coughing.

But a person is characterized by vertical or transplacental infection. In this case, the bacteria is passed from mother to fetus.

Additionally, infection through breast milk is possible. But this path is very rare. The probability of infection is 1%. But with acute symptoms, the woman is advised to stop breastfeeding.

Pathology can be in rural and urban residents. Infection occurs when walking in the forest, while resting in a forest park, vegetable garden.

Accordingly, the risk of Lyme disease is increased in the following cases:

• a person often spends time in the garden or dacha;
• living near the forest;
• a person is often in a forest park (city);
• hunter;
• fisherman;
• forester;
• lovers of forest tourism or recreation;
• vet;
• tourist.

Classification and stages of development

Pathology has a classification. The table shows the types of the disease.

Classification	Description
By flow	Lyme disease is acute, subacute, and chronic. In the first case, the pathology lasts no more than 3 months. The subacute variety lasts 3 to 6 months. And the chronic type of the disease lasts more than 6 months.
By severity	The disease is classified as mild, moderate, and severe.
By the manifestation of symptoms	Lyme disease can be latent. In this case, there are no signs of pathology. Additionally, the disease can be manifest. That is, the signs appear.
By signs of infection	Pathology can be seronegative and seropositive. In the first case, the diagnosis reveals antibodies to borrelia. The seropositive variety is characterized by the absence of antibodies to the bacterium.
By stages of development	Lyme disease is classified into the following stages: 1. First. Another name is the acute stage. Begins 7-14 days after infection, as the incubation period must pass. But the indicator can lengthen or shorten. Symptoms of the condition are similar to those of the flu. Among the signs are elevated body temperature, pain in the head. Additionally, there is muscle and joint discomfort, increased fatigue. They also highlight general weakness, even in the absence of physical activity. As additional symptoms, nausea, vomiting, and runny nose may be present. The most important symptom is erythema annular migrans. First, redness appears at the site of the bite. Then the stain spreads in all directions. That is, a circle appears. The spot in the center begins to fade. The size of redness can reach 60 cm, in addition, the cover swells. On palpation, the spot is hot, there is soreness and burning. Sometimes the pathology proceeds without symptoms, only erythema appears. The red ring can last for months. Another variant of the course is allowed - there is no erythema, but the body temperature rises and intoxication appears (poisoning of the body). 2. Second. If there is no stage 1 treatment, after 1 to 3 months the bacterium is spread throughout the body. Damage to the heart and nervous system is noted. Symptoms include increased sensitivity of the eyes to light (photophobia), severe pain in the head, and rapid fatigue. In addition, concentration of attention is impaired, memory deteriorates, mood changes sharply. There may be deviations from the cardiovascular system, in this case there is chest pain, shortness of breath, dizziness. Sometimes at this stage, benign tumors are formed on the face, genitals, and chest. The lesions have a bright crimson color, are characterized by swelling and pain on palpation. Due to the spread of bacteria throughout the body, at this stage of the disease, angina (inflammation of the tonsils in the nasopharynx), hepatitis (liver damage), nephritis (inflammation of the kidneys) may occur. Bacteria penetrate the lining of the brain and the plexus of nerves. At this stage, meningitis (inflammation of the meninges), tick-borne encephalitis are permissible. 3. Third. The stage occurs in a period from 6 months to 2 years (from the onset of infection). The nervous system, joints (most often knee, ankle, elbow) are affected. Additionally, skin pathology, namely acrodermatitis, may develop. If this stage is not treated, the disease becomes chronic.

Consequences and complications

Lyme disease (Avril Lavigne and Samantha Stosur are celebrities who have had a pathology) is characterized by complications. Most often, they appear in the absence or untimely therapy.

Possible complications:

• pain in the head, which is not eliminated with the help of drugs;
• epileptic seizures;
• impaired coordination of movements;
• arthritis;
• thinning of the skin;
• impairment of memory and vision;
• reduced performance;
• paresis (decreased strength) of the muscles of the arms and legs;
• deformation of the joints;
• asymmetry of the face due to paralysis of the facial nerve;
• chronic damage to the cardiovascular system;
• disability;
• death.

The prognosis for recovery is favorable. But it is possible to completely recover only with timely therapy, following the recommendations of a specialist. It is important to identify the pathology and start treatment at an early stage.

Treatment

Pathology needs therapy.

Treatments that can be used for Lyme disease:

• medications;
• folk remedies;
• proper nutrition;
• physiotherapy;
• surgery.

Most often, complex therapy is prescribed, which combines several methods of treatment. This approach can speed up your recovery. In some cases, a person with Lyme disease may be admitted to a hospital.

Indications for admission to the clinic:

• the disease has progressed to a severe stage;
• the person's condition is rapidly deteriorating;
• pathology is accompanied by tick-borne encephalitis;
• erythema is absent - hospitalization is necessary for diagnosis.

Medications

Lyme disease requires medication. All people need to follow a treatment course, including celebrities (Avril Lavigne, Justin Bieber, Kelly Osbourne). Medicines eliminate the symptoms of the disease and make you feel better. The table shows the drugs prescribed for pathology.

Group of drugs	the effect	List of funds
Antibacterial	Antibiotics fight pathogenic microorganisms. The remedy is selected according to the stage of Lyme disease.	Tetracycline, Ampicillin, Ceftriaxone
Normalizing intestinal microflora	The drugs are prescribed together with antibiotics to restore beneficial microflora in the digestive organs. The fact is that antibacterial agents negatively affect the gastrointestinal tract.	Linex, Bifiform, Acipol
Enterosorbents	The drugs ensure the elimination of toxic substances from the body.	Smecta, Filtrum-STI, Enterosgel
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)	The drugs eliminate pain and inflammation. Additionally, medicines in this group reduce the temperature.	Nurofen, Ibuprofen, Ketorol
Analgesics	The drugs fight pain, inflammation, high fever.	Analgin, Baralgin, Took
Immunostimulants	Medicines stimulate the immune system.	Immunal, Echinacea
Nootropic	The drugs improve blood circulation in the brain and memory.	Piracetam, Glycine, Nootropil
Hepatoprotectors	Medicines restore the structure of the liver and protect the organ from external factors.	Geptral, Phosphogliv, Essentiale Forte N
Antiarrhythmic	The funds are used for cardiac arrhythmias.	Sotagexal, Betaloc, Metoprolol

The drugs must be prescribed by a specialist. The doctor takes into account the information specified in the instructions for each medication (side effects, contraindications, etc.), decides on the appointment of the drug.

Folk remedies

Herbal recipes rarely cause side effects due to their natural composition. First of all, folk remedies are effective in the early stages of pathology. With the help of plants, the immune defense is activated, the pathogen multiplies more slowly.

In medical practice, cases have been recorded when with the help of plants it was possible to heal without the use of antibacterial agents. But to enhance the effect, it is better to use folk recipes as part of complex therapy.

Medicines used for Lyme disease:

• Infusion of beech herb. For cooking, you need to take 1 tbsp. l. component and 500 ml of hot water. Leave for 2 hours, filter through cheesecloth. Take 2 tbsp. l. up to 3 times a day. It is better to use the infusion in 30 minutes. before meals. The course is 1 month.
• Strawberry infusion. To prepare a recipe, you need to take 1 tsp. l. plants and 1 cup boiling water. Leave for 4 hours, filter through cheesecloth. Take the remedy for 2 tbsp. l. up to 3 times a day. It is better to use the infusion for 20 - 30 minutes. before meals. The course is 1 month.
• Recipe with white pharmaceutical clay. For preparation, you need to take 5 g of the component and 250 ml of clean water at room temperature. Leave the mixture overnight, take 15 - 20 minutes in the morning. before meals. Due to the presence of clay in the composition, the recipe eliminates the symptoms of intoxication.
• Vegetable collection. To prepare a recipe, you need to take valerian, motherwort, zyuznik. Additionally, you will need oregano, calendula, hawthorn. And you should also take St. John's wort, blackberry, elderberry. Additionally, you will need linden, thyme, horsetail. An equal amount of each component should be taken - 10 g. Further 1 tbsp. l. collection place in a thermos and pour 250 ml of hot water. Leave for 30 minutes, filter through cheesecloth. Take 0.5 cups up to 2 times a day. The course is 1 month.

Proper nutrition

Lyme disease (Avril Lavigne and Samantha Stosur are famous celebrities) is a pathology in which it is necessary to adhere to proper nutrition.

It includes the following items:

• observe fractional meals - up to 6 times a day;
• eat every 3 to 4 hours;
• do not exceed 300 g serving size;
• exclude fried, salty, smoked;
• reduce the use of sweet, starchy foods;
• replace fatty foods with low-calorie foods;
• steam, boil or bake in the oven;
• to normalize microflora, it is necessary to drink natural yogurt and kefir 2 times a day (morning and evening);
• exclude strong coffee, black tea - it is better to replace products with green tea, freshly made juice, clean water.

Physiotherapy

Impact on the body using natural or artificial factors. A variety of procedures is selected by a specialist, taking into account individual characteristics. Physiotherapy is aimed at eliminating various abnormalities and inflammatory processes in the body. Additionally, the method of treatment can be used to speed up recovery.

Types of physiotherapy:

• Electrophoresis. Exposure to electrical impulses stimulates muscles and tissues. The procedure reduces pain.
• Magnetotherapy. The body is affected by a magnetic field. With the help of a kind of physical therapy, pain, inflammation and swelling are reduced.
• Laser therapy. The method involves exposure to a laser. The procedure accelerates recovery from acute and chronic diseases. Laser therapy allows you to eliminate pain, swelling, and inflammation.
• Ultraviolet. Exposure to ultraviolet rays. The method is used to treat inflammatory and infectious pathologies.
• UHF therapy. The method involves the influence of a high-frequency electric field.
• Ultrasound. Exposure to ultrasonic waves. The method has an anti-inflammatory effect, it is used for painful sensations.
• Massage. The procedure is performed by a masseur. After exposure to the hands of a specialist, blood circulation improves, inflammation decreases, and immunity is strengthened.
• Cryotherapy. The human body is affected by liquid nitrogen. The procedure allows you to reduce pain, is effective in diseases of the musculoskeletal system.

The effect of physiotherapy is achieved through the course of procedures and the naturalness of the treatment method.

Recommendations to follow:

• perform no more than 1 procedure per day;
• do not use physiotherapy when a negative reaction occurs;
• you can not combine the method of treatment with the use of strong drugs;
• you cannot independently prescribe physiotherapy for yourself, you should consult a doctor;
• perform only those procedures that the doctor recommends, that is, do not prescribe too much for yourself;
• complete the course of treatment without interruption.

Surgery

Sometimes an operation is used for a disease. Surgical treatment is aimed at eliminating symptoms and improving a person's well-being. The operation is rarely used, but its use cannot be ruled out.

Surgical treatment is indicated for severe heart rhythm disturbances. In this case, a pacemaker is installed.

For meningitis with a marked increase in intracranial pressure, a catheter is placed. The goal is the outflow of cerebrospinal fluid (fluid circulating in the ventricles of the brain). The operation is performed in rare cases due to the likelihood of side effects.

If there is contracture in the joints (limited mobility, the limb is constantly bent or unbent), an intervention is performed.

The type of operation and the need for it is determined by a specialist. The doctor takes into account the course of the disease and the individual characteristics of the organism.

Sick celebrities

Lyme disease occurs in celebrities. The table lists people who have contracted tick-borne borreliosis.

Celebrity	Description of infection
Justin Bieber	Many people thought that Bieber was on drugs, so his behavior was inadequate. In January 2020 the artist explained what was the reason for the low activity in creativity in recent years. The musician said that the poor condition arose due to Lyme disease. In addition, Bieber was diagnosed with chronic mononucleosis (infectious pathology), which affected the condition of the skin, the functionality of the brain and general well-being. Justin received a lot of support from fans - "Hold on and adhere to the advice of doctors", "Get well, we are with you."
Avril lavigne	After the singer was bitten by a tick, difficulties with respiratory function developed. According to Avril, she simply could not breathe and was in bed for several years. Doctors did not immediately diagnose the pathology. Lyme disease was diagnosed 2 months later. after a tick bite. By that time, the infection had damaged his health. The singer coped with the disease and resumed her musical career. Next, Avril Lavigne became the founder of a foundation that helps people with Lyme disease.
Kelly Osbourne	The pathology was found in the singer in 2004. Kelly was bitten by a tick. After the parasitic defeat, the singer felt bad. Only in 2013 Kelly was prescribed the correct therapy. Before that, the doctors constantly changed the treatment, the singer felt like a zombie. Kelly was constantly sick of the drugs. She was given various herbs, antibacterial and pain relievers. And also in the treatment were pills for anxiety. There were so many drugs that the singer could hardly speak. Kelly was diagnosed with stage 3 pathology. Finding out about my diagnosis was a relief. Then the singer began to be treated with stem cells. Kelly did not talk about her illness, much less advertise it. Many stars with Lyme disease pose as magazine cover victims, but Kelly knows firsthand about the pathology. Therefore, it is impossible to lead a glamorous lifestyle with this pathology.
Bella Hadid	The disease was discovered in 2015. The girl was hiding the pathology. Bella said that the symptoms were fog in the head, difficulty speaking, and rapid fatigue.
Yolanda Hadid	The diagnosis was made in 2012. Yolanda suffered severe headaches, muscle weakness, chills. Additionally, there was photosensitivity, a rash on the body. The celebrity endured only for the sake of her children. The symptoms subsided after long-term treatment.
Ashley Olsen	Lyme disease was discovered in 2015. Ashley had stage 3 pathology. But because of the therapy, the celebrity's condition improved. Full recovery has not yet come.
Alec Baldwin	The star had Lyme disease for 17 years. Sweating and weakness were manifested as symptoms. The condition was similar to the flu. The pathology began when the disease was not yet officially diagnosed. The treatment continues to this day.
Ben Stiller	For a long time, the actor complained of severe joint pain, but the doctors did not immediately identify the cause. Treatment began after the diagnosis of tick-borne borreliosis. Currently, the actor does not share the course of the disease.
Jennifer Capriati	In 2013 the tennis player was diagnosed with tick-borne borreliosis. It is not known when exactly the ailment appeared. Capriati talks about intense pain, rapid fatigue.
Samantha Stosur	In 2017 the tennis player was diagnosed with a disease, she had to end her career. It all started at Wimbledon, but the correct diagnosis was not made right away. After the initial symptoms appeared, the tennis player played for another 2 months. Then there was a severe pain in the head that lasted 8 hours. After being taken to the hospital, Samantha was diagnosed with viral meningitis (a secondary symptom of Lyme disease). The tennis player coped with the pathology thanks to adherence to the doctor's recommendations and timely treatment.

The infectious pathology that is caused by borrelia is Lyme disease. The disease has 3 stages, ticks are carriers. Even celebrities are prone to pathology. For example, Avril Lavigne, Justin Bieber, Bella Hadid. The prognosis for recovery is favorable if therapy is started in a timely manner.

Medicines, folk remedies and physiotherapy are used as treatment. In rare cases, it is possible to use a surgical operation. The most important thing is to reduce the likelihood of complications. To do this, you must follow the doctor's recommendations.

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