Rabies vaccine. Vaccination scheme, what is it, instructions for use, price

The rabies vaccine is intended forrabies prophylaxis and emergency care in case of possible infection. The vaccination schedule is the same for people of all ages. and depends on several factors. Vaccination builds immunity to the deadly virus and can be life-saving.

Release form and composition

The tool is available in the form of a lyophilized powder intended for the preparation of a solution for intramuscular administration. Outwardly it looks like a white mass.

One ampoule contains 2.5 IU of the active ingredient. Ampoules are packed in the amount of 5 pcs. in cardboard boxes, in addition to them 5 bottles with 1 ml of sterile solvent are placed.

The composition of the preparation is as follows:

• Inactivated ("killed") rabies virus in an amount of at least 2.5 IU in 1 ampoule. Acts as an active substance.
insta story viewer
• Human albumin, sucrose and gelatin are auxiliary components.
• Water for injection is a solvent.

It is important to note that the product does not contain antibiotics or preservatives.

Selling features

This vaccine must be provided to all medical institutions, where, if necessary, can apply. any patient who wants to be vaccinated against rabies according to the calendar or in case of suspicion that he has a dangerous disease.

You can buy rabies vaccine yourself at a pharmacy. Most often, pharmacies offer the drug only by prior order. Serum belongs to immunobiological preparations that have special requirements for storage and transportation.

Therefore, before releasing the product into the hands of the patient, the pharmacy worker should check the presence of a special container with a thermal indicator. In addition, the pharmacist must tell all the features of this vaccine before vacation.

The rabies vaccine, the vaccination schedule of which must be prescribed in the instructions for use, cannot be used by the patient alone. Only a specialist with a medical education has the right to vaccinate in a treatment room, where the conditions of sterility are observed.

The main task of the patient when buying a product on his own is to comply with all storage and transportation conditions from the pharmacy to the doors of the vaccination room. The vaccine is stored strictly at temperatures from +2 to +8 ° C. Any slightest deviation is unacceptable and hazardous to health.

The cost of a package containing 5 single doses is from 2,200 to 2,700 rubles. The exact amount depends on the region, city and the pricing policy of the pharmacy chain.

Indications for use

The vaccine forms humoral and local immunity to the rabies virus Rabies virus, provides a high level of specific antibodies. Therefore, in case of infection of a vaccinated person, the disease does not develop.

The main indications for use:

• Vaccination of people to prevent infection with rabies. This is most common among those at risk. For example, laboratory assistants, veterinarians, hunters and foresters, employees of animal shelters, employees of the organization for the capture of stray dogs.
• Immunization of a person with possible contact with a source of infection. For example, a person was bitten by an animal that showed symptoms of rabies (increased salivation, aggressiveness). This applies to any animals, including domestic animals, agricultural animals, even those without signs of rabies.

Contraindications

Rabies vaccine, like any other drug, has a number of contraindications. However, this list varies depending on the vaccination schedule. For example, in the case of curative and prophylactic immunization, when there is a suspicion of possible infection with the rabies virus, there are no contraindications.

Even pregnancy cannot be a reason for refusing vaccination in case of suspicion of infection.

If we talk about routine vaccination, here you need to pay attention to the list of contraindications:

• pregnancy at any time;
• intolerance to one or more components of the vaccine (for example, Quincke's edema or rash all over the body was observed after previous vaccinations);
• any chronic diseases in the exacerbation phase;
• diseases of any nature are in full swing.

Mechanism of Action and Benefits

The mechanism of action of the vaccine is based on the penetration of the inactivated rabies virus through the bloodstream into the patient's body and the effect on his immune system. After that, "memory cells" are formed, which, in case of repeated infection, will develop immunity to this disease.

In simple terms, the vaccine contains such an amount of the virus that is not enough for the development of the disease, but enough for the formation of immunity.

The benefits of rabies vaccines are as follows:

• Time-tested safety. The rabies vaccine was developed about 40 years ago. During this time, more than one generation of people was vaccinated, none of them were found to have serious side effects, which indicates the safety of the serum.
• Efficiency. Mass vaccination of the world's population affects more than 15 million people annually. people saving their lives. In addition, in developed countries, it was possible to completely eliminate outbreaks of rabies, thanks to the vaccination of not only humans, but also animals. Thanks to the vaccine, rabies is now a rare disease in humans.
• Need. Unfortunately, a favorable situation with vaccination is not observed on all continents of the planet. According to medical calculations, over 300 thousand. people in Asia and Africa are dying from rabies, since they cannot get vaccinated against this disease in time. This underscores how important vaccination is.
• Mild or no side effects. The first generation of vaccines were drugs derived from the tissues of the nervous system of animals. Compared to modern rabies vaccines, they caused more severe adverse reactions after vaccination. Now the vaccine, even if it causes undesirable symptoms, they are mild and disappear, as a rule, in the first two days after immunization.
• Safe composition. Only human albumin is used as a stabilizer, in some cases it is replaced by purified gelatin. None of the WHO-tested rabies vaccines contain dangerous preservatives (such as thimerosal).
• Sterility of the packaging. Each single dose is placed in a disposable sterile container, which is disposed of after opening. Therefore, microbial contamination of the serum is not possible.
• Long shelf life. The vaccine is suitable for use within 3 years from the date of production, subject to storage conditions (+ 2 ° C to + 8 ° C, away from sunlight).

Vaccination schedule

Rabies vaccine, which can have multiple vaccine regimen options, remains effective if the instructions for use are followed.

In case of suspicion of a possible infection with rabies, treatment and prophylactic immunization should be started immediately, immediately after the treatment of the wound (in case of an animal bite). Suturing the wound is best avoided if possible, but if necessary, the vaccine is given just prior to this procedure.

All persons, without exception, who have been bitten by a rabid animal or an animal that may have such a disease, are subject to therapeutic and prophylactic immunization.

There is also such a concept as the combined treatment of rabies, when serum is used in conjunction with anti-rabies immunoglobulin. It must be remembered that RIG (anti-rabies immunoglobulin) should be administered as soon as possible after the animal bites.

AIH is of two types, depending on the origin:

• Equine immunoglobulin, which is administered in the first three days after the bite in the amount of 40 IU per 1 kg of the victim's body weight.
• Human protein, it must be administered during the first week at a dosage of 20 IU per kg.

Rabies vaccine, vaccination schedule for possible rabies infection is characterized by the following indicators:

Description of wounds	Characteristics of the animal	Therapeutic measures
No damage to the skin and mucous membranes, no traces of animal saliva	The animal is sick with rabies	Not carried out
There are traces of saliva on the skin, scratches, abrasions, superficial bites on the hands or feet	If within 10 days the animal did not show symptoms of rabies or laboratory tests did not detect the virus of this disease in its blood, the treatment is stopped. If the animal escaped or was killed, and there is no data about it, the treatment is carried out completely according to the indicated scheme.	Appointed immediately. The vaccine is injected in 1 ml immediately after the bite, on day 3, then exactly one week later, after 2 weeks, on day 30 and on day 90.
Any amount of saliva is found or there are bites in the area of ​​the face, head, neck, hands, feet, genitals. Or there are lacerations and deep wounds.	Similar to the previous option	Immediate combination treatment. AIH is injected immediately after the bite, 1 ml of the rabies vaccine is injected immediately after the bite, on day 3, then exactly one week later, after 2 weeks, on day 30 and on day 90.

Immunization for prophylaxis differs in regimen. The vaccine is injected into the shoulder in an amount of 1 ml. This is done three times (at 0.7,30 days). After that, a year later, it is necessary to conduct a revaccination (once in 1 ml), after which the procedure must be repeated every 3 years.

Method and site of administration

The sterile ampoule with the substance must be opened by medical personnel in compliance with the antiseptic conditions. After that, the contents of the ampoule are immediately dissolved in 1 ml of sterile water for injection. It is important to note that thereafter, the finished vaccine must be administered immediately, within the first 5 minutes.

It is unacceptable to inject into the gluteus muscle.

There is a simple rule about choosing an injection site:

• In children under 5 years of age, the injection site should be in the upper thigh.
• Persons over 5 years old are allowed to inject the vaccine into the shoulder.

Body reaction

In general, the rabies vaccine is tolerated well without causing any side effects. However, their occurrence is not excluded.

Among the side effects are:

• Local reaction in the form of redness, itching, or pain at the injection site.
• It is possible to increase the lymph nodes closest to the injection site.
• Weakness, headache, fever are not excluded.
• A number of patients develop allergies in the form of a rash and itching throughout the body or Quincke's edema.
• In rare cases, temporary neurological damage is possible. In this case, the patient must be urgently admitted to a hospital for constant medical supervision.

To exclude the sudden development of acute adverse reactions, after the administration of the vaccine, the vaccinated person must remain under medical supervision for 30-60 minutes. If during this time the state of health remains normal, he can be allowed to go home.

What to do before and after vaccination

There are no special rules for preparing a patient for vaccination.

• Diet, physical and emotional activity can remain the same.
• At the time of vaccination, it is better to stop smoking and drinking alcohol. There is no reliable data on the effect of bad habits on the effectiveness of vaccinations, but in order to avoid complications, it is better to limit the use of nicotine and ethyl alcohol as much as possible.
• Certain medications may interfere with the effectiveness of vaccinations. This applies to glucocorticosteroids and immunosuppressants.

After the procedure, it is better for the patient to remain under medical supervision for half an hour, observing his condition. Over the next 48 hours, you need to be prepared for the possible development of side effects. As a rule, they are weakly expressed and require only symptomatic treatment (pain reliever for headaches, antipyretic from temperature).

If the patient notes the development of an allergy in the form of a slight rash or redness, it is enough to take an antihistamine. If the allergy is extensive, associated with swelling of the mucous membranes, you should immediately consult a doctor.

The rabies vaccine is designed to save humanity from a deadly disease. Before starting vaccination, you need to familiarize yourself with the scheme for using the drug, a list of side effects and contraindications.

Author: Olga Orlova

Vaccine video

Rabies vaccination tips: