Diabetes
Diabetes

Symptoms of type 1 diabetes

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Type 1 diabetes is a disease in which the body experiences insulin deficiency. Insulin is a hormone that produces the pancreas, it promotes the absorption of sugar in the blood.

Symptoms of type 1 diabetes

In case of diabetes, the immune system mistakenly destroys the beta-cells. Because of this, because of a lack of insulin in the blood, the level of glucose increases. The first signs of the onset of the disease are a sharp decrease in weight, a constant thirst.

Type 1 diabetes mellitus( CD1) is the most dangerous because of its complications. Kidneys, cardiovascular system, eyes suffer first. In general, the disease manifests itself in people of the younger generation - up to 35 years.

The main symptoms of the disease

The second name of CD1 is insulin-dependent diabetes. It is defined in only 10% of all people with diabetes. In the majority of patients, a second degree of disease is diagnosed, which is easier to control.

Symptoms of type 1 diabetes are:

  • A constant thirst, dry mouth. The first of the symptoms of a nascent disease is a constant desire to drink. In the human body, the ratio of glucose and hormones is disturbed, and therefore the water begins to be poorly digested. Along with thirst, the patient experiences not passing dryness in the mouth, a sore throat. The skin loses its elasticity, becomes dry and rough. With a large consumption of water, thirst does not pass, but on the contrary intensifies. A person discreetly drinks about 4 liters of water a day.
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  • The patient has frequent urge to urinate. Frequent urination is the result of consumption of large amounts of water. With an increase in blood glucose, usually this figure exceeds 10 mmol / l, the process of sugar transition into urine begins, and it takes water with it. Therefore, the patient often wants to go to the toilet, the body begins to dehydrate. Excessive water consumption can not compensate for the lost water resources of the body. Many people who do not know about their diagnosis drink a lot of juices, carbonated drinks, thereby aggravating their condition. In this situation, it is preferable to drink water or green tea without sugar.

Symptoms of type 1 diabetes

  • Nervous breakdowns, irritability, drowsiness. Constant thirst, failure of the hormonal background, high blood sugar level negatively affect the brain. All factors together cause another symptom of diabetes. Increased irritability is not the main symptom for the diagnosis of diabetes, but it serves as the first signal of a malfunction in the body.
  • A constant feeling of hunger. Increased glucose in the blood can not enter the cells, it is excreted along with the urine. The tissues of the body feel a lack of energy and send a signal about the famine to the brain. A person begins to eat more food, but at the same time can not feel satiation. In other words, the body does not digest food.
  • Rapid weight loss. It would seem that with increased consumption of food, body weight should grow rapidly. In fact, this is not so. With diabetes, metabolic disturbances, the body "does not see" food. In a month a person can lose 5-8 kg weight. Such a sharp decrease in weight has a negative effect on the entire body.
  • There is an aftertaste of acetone in the mouth. Acetone in the body appears as a result of the breakdown of nutrients. It is excreted from the body with urine in small amounts. In connection with hormonal failure and metabolic disorders, acetone begins to "poison" the body, and therefore a person feels its taste.
  • Significant impairment of vision. Some patients note a frequently occurring veil before their eyes, others are darker in the eyes, black "flies" appear.
  • Limbs can dumb. In insulin-dependent diabetes, in rare cases, there is numbness in the hands and feet. Usually these signs are manifested in the next stages of the disease. These symptoms are caused by malfunctions in the nervous system. If untimely treatment can occur a serious complication - gangrene.
  • Itching of the skin. Some patients note a constant feeling of itching of the skin, women may have a problem of thrush.

Symptoms of type 1 diabetes

In most cases, the scenario for the development of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus is as follows:

  • A person has a genetic predisposition to such a disease.
  • Beta cells begin to break down in the pancreas. It can occur under the influence of infections that have got into the body: measles, mumps, chicken pox, rubella.
  • The patient experiences constant stresses, nervous disorders. It has long been known that frequent stress can provoke a variety of chronic diseases, and insulin-dependent diabetes is no exception.
  • In the pancreas, there are inflammatory processes that can provoke a lack of hormones.
  • Under the influence of the above factors, beta cells begin to break down and symptoms of type 1 diabetes mellitus appear.

Diagnosis

In modern medicine there is a list of indicators that are characteristic for the diagnosis of CD1.First of all, the level of glucose in the blood is determined by the analysis of blood given on an empty stomach. The same level of sugar in the blood is determined within a day, regardless of the time of eating. If the indicator does not fall below 11 mmol / l at any time of the day, we can safely talk about the presence of type 1 diabetes.

If, based on the diagnostic results, the patient is diagnosed with CD1, hospitalization is a prerequisite. In the hospital, the patient will be selected a treatment regimen, will conduct additional studies. A person must learn to control the glucose content in the blood, adhere to a special diet.

Treatment of

Complete recovery of insulin-dependent diabetes is not possible, but with all the recommendations of the doctor, you can achieve its remission.

So what are the current therapies? First and foremost, insulin therapy is the main treatment for diabetes. It is the only way to restore the necessary level of insulin in the human body.

Symptoms of type 1 diabetes

Next, for the patient, a nutritional scheme is developed that determines which foods can be eaten. The intake of food should be carried out at strictly defined hours, the products should not contain many calories. Confectionery products, flour pastries, carbonated drinks increase the level of sugar in the blood and when they are taken it is typical to increase the body weight, and this is contraindicated in this disease. Smoked, salty foods are also strictly forbidden. If the diet is adhered to, the patient is able to maintain the weight in the norm and monitor the glucose level.

With signs of diabetes, the patient is recommended to exercise a little. They should not be periodic, exercises should be performed regularly, every day and preferably at one time. At sharp physical exercises there is an imbalance of sugar in blood, and it can cause deterioration of a status of the patient.

In physical education, the glucose level should be at least 5 mmol / l and not more than 15 mmol / l. The ideal exercise is fast walking. It is desirable to do it every day, not less than 30 minutes. Perform sports activities better in the presence of a coach or people who have information about helping a person suffering from type 1 diabetes. When doing sports, it is important to exclude the appearance of one of the complications of the disease - diabetic foot. It can occur when wearing uncomfortable and low-shoes.

Prevention

To prevent disease, it is first necessary to maintain the correct water balance. In order for glucose to enter cells, not only insulin, but also ordinary water is needed. This is because the cells are 75 percent water. Part of the water will be spent on digesting nutrients by the body, the rest will go to the production of bicarbonate. Therefore, doctors recommend drinking clean water on an empty stomach and before every meal. Tea, coffee, lemonade, compote - do not replenish the body's water reserves.

A person with excessive weight also falls into the risk group. With excessive consumption of flour and sweet, the load on the pancreas increases, and this is the first impetus to the onset of diabetes.

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