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Toxoplasmosis in adults. Treatment regimen, clinical guidelines

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Content

  1. The specifics of the course of toxoplasmosis in adults
  2. When to treat toxoplasmosis
  3. Treatment regimen for the disease in adults
  4. Acute form
  5. Chronic form
  6. Indications for hospitalization with toxoplasmosis
  7. Drugs for the treatment of toxoplasmosis, combinations of drugs
  8. Specific immunotherapy with toxoplasmin
  9. Ultraviolet irradiation
  10. Traditional medicine methods
  11. Clinical guidelines for patients with toxoplasmosis
  12. Video about toxoplasmosis

Toxoplasmosis is a congenital or an acquired disease caused by parasites. The simplest microorganisms affect the central nervous system, muscles, visual organs, myocardial tissue. The patient needs a comprehensive diagnosis and a properly designed treatment regimen. Toxoplasmosis in adults without therapy will lead to serious complications.

The specifics of the course of toxoplasmosis in adults

In most cases, after infection of an adult organism with parasites, the incubation period lasts from 2 to 8 weeks.

Many have an erased clinical picture, the symptoms are mild and resemble a cold:

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  • general weakness;
  • feverish condition;
  • peripheral lymph nodes increase;
  • malaise;
  • body temperature rises;
  • the spleen and liver are slightly enlarged.

Toxoplasmosis has a negative effect on the functioning of the central nervous system, which is why the following clinical symptoms appear:

  • risky human actions are becoming more frequent;
  • concentration of attention decreases;
  • nervousness increases.

People diagnosed with schizophrenia show signs of an exacerbation of the disease. In some situations, only the visual organs are affected. Pathological processes are often the result of a congenital form of pathology.

Toxoplasmosis pathogens enter the human body through the oral cavity into the intestines. As a result of cell division of the parasite, trophozoites are formed, which spread throughout the body and affect internal organs, more often the central nervous system and muscles. Pseudocysts are also formed, inside of which a large number of parasites live.

When to treat toxoplasmosis

It is impossible to completely get rid of toxoplasmosis. The causative agents of the disease, even after proper therapy, remain in the human body until the end of his life. In medicine, isolated cases have been recorded when a patient was completely cured of parasites. This is due to the fact that therapy began immediately after infection of the body, at an early stage of pathology.

Toxoplasmosis in adults (the treatment regimen provides for the use of complex methods that are selected by the doctor infectious disease specialist), predominantly acquired, proceeds without pronounced symptoms, therefore, does not require specific therapy.

But there are situations when treatment is prescribed to the patient without fail:

  1. Pregnancy. This applies to expectant mothers with a primary infection or those who have an exacerbation of a chronic infection.
  2. Congenital toxoplasmosis. Treatment is carried out in the presence of pronounced clinical signs of various forms of the disease.
  3. Immunocompromised toxoplasmosis. A pathological condition in which the disease develops acutely or is at the stage of reactivation of a chronic process. Treatment is aimed at addressing the underlying cause of immunodeficiency.

Therapeutic measures for toxoplasmosis in adults are more often carried out at home. The patient requires urgent hospitalization in case of complications or severe pathology.

Treatment regimen for the disease in adults

Toxoplasmosis is characterized by damage to internal organs and systems by parasites. Therefore, the main goal of treatment is to destroy pathogens of pathological processes. The therapy is carried out for a long time and is difficult, the specialized doctor selects medications taking into account all the existing circumstances. We are talking about the present symptoms of the disease, the state of the person and the individual characteristics of the organism.

Acute form

Toxoplasmosis at the stage of exacerbation requires the use of chemotherapy drugs. We are talking about antimalarial drugs that destroy pathogens. Additionally, antibacterial drugs are prescribed.

The treatment regimen is as follows:

Drug group Name Application
Antimalarial drugs Chloridin, Fansidar The medicine is taken orally, the tablets are not chewed and washed down with water. The adult dosage is 0.025 g 2-3 times a day. The course of treatment lasts 7 days. It is necessary to take a break for 10 days and continue treatment.Toxoplasmosis in adults. Treatment regimen, clinical guidelines
Antibiotics Biseptol, Lincomycin The drug should be taken after meals and washed down with plenty of water. Adult patients are prescribed 480 mg 2 times a day. The duration of therapy is 10-14 days.

Chemotherapy drugs negatively affect the bone marrow, contributing to its destruction. Therefore, all medications are prescribed exclusively by a specialized specialist. Additionally, folic acid is prescribed to patients. To monitor the patient's condition, he is periodically assigned a peripheral blood test.

Chronic form

Toxoplasmosis in adults (the treatment regimen is selected by an infectious disease doctor, taking into account individual characteristics patient) of the chronic form is treated with special medications that inhibit the pathogen in the form cysts.

The therapy regimen involves the use of the following funds:

Drug group Name Application
Immunomodulatory drugs Likopid, Taktivin The medicine should be taken orally before meals for 30 minutes. The dosage of the drug is selected taking into account the individual condition of the patient. An adult is prescribed 1-2 mg 2-3 times a day. The therapy lasts 10 days.
Desensitizing agents Suprastin, Diazolin The drugs block the histamine H-1 receptors, decreasing the human body's allergic response. The tablets are taken with meals, drinking plenty of fluids. The adult recommended dosage is 75-100 mg 3-4 times a day.
Toxoplasmosis in adults. Treatment regimen, clinical guidelines
Diazolin tablets

An infectious disease doctor is directly involved in the treatment of chronic toxoplasmosis. But given the source of localization of the pathological focus, patients may be assigned additional consultation with other specialized specialists (ophthalmologist, neuropathologist, gastroenterologist).

Indications for hospitalization with toxoplasmosis

Inpatient treatment and observation is required for patients who have been diagnosed with an acute form of toxoplasmosis or a recurrent disease. The patient is hospitalized regardless of the severity and development of toxoplasmosis. The acute form is a direct indication to admit the patient to the hospital.

The same applies to chronic toxoplasmosis, especially if the development of pathological processes affects the visual organs, the cardiovascular and central nervous system.

Hospitalization is also required for expectant mothers who have been diagnosed with a manifest form of toxoplasmosis, regardless of the duration of pregnancy and the severity of the disease.

Drugs for the treatment of toxoplasmosis, combinations of drugs

The treatment regimen for toxoplasmosis in adults depends on many circumstances, including the degree the development of the disease, the individual characteristics of the human body, the results of a complex research.

It is important not to carry out self-therapy when the first symptoms of pathology appear, since the state of health can be aggravated. Medicines are selected by a general practitioner or infectious disease specialist. It is necessary to strictly adhere to the established dosages to reduce the likelihood of side effects or complications.

For the treatment of toxoplasmosis, the following drugs are used, sometimes they are combined:

Name Application Contraindications
Doxycycline Toxoplasmosis in adults. Treatment regimen, clinical guidelinesThe medicine should be taken with or after meals. On the first day, the patient is prescribed 100 mg every 12 hours. Then 100 mg once a day. The duration of therapy is 7-14 days.
  • hypersensitivity to the drug;
  • porphyria;
  • severe liver failure;
  • leukopenia.
Spiramycin For an adult patient, the medicine is prescribed by mouth. The standard dosage is 4.5-12 million. IU 2-3 times a day. Individual sensitivity to the substances that make up the drug.
Pyrimethamine With toxoplasmosis, the medicine is taken in cycles with interruptions. Adults are prescribed 50 mg per day for 5 days. Then a break for 7-10 days and treatment continues.
  • hypersensitivity to active ingredients;
  • megaloblastic anemia;
  • damage to the hematopoietic system;
  • kidney disease;
  • first trimester of pregnancy;
  • breast-feeding;
  • newborn children.
Clindamycin Adult patients are prescribed orally 1 capsule 4 times a day.
  • myasthenia gravis;
  • bronchial asthma;
  • rare hereditary diseases;
  • pregnancy and lactation;
  • individual sensitivity to the drug;
  • children under 8 years old;
  • damage to the digestive system.
Minocycline The tablets are taken orally, not chewed and washed down with plenty of liquid. Adult patients are prescribed 100 mg 2 times a day.Toxoplasmosis in adults. Treatment regimen, clinical guidelines
  • severe liver failure;
  • leukopenia;
  • individual sensitivity to the composition of the drug;
  • children under 12 years of age.
Amikacin The medicine is administered intramuscularly or intravenously. The standard adult dosage is 5 mg / kg. The medicine is injected every 8-12 hours. The duration of therapy is 3-10 days.
  • damage to the vestibular and auditory apparatus;
  • hypersensitivity to active substances;
  • impaired renal function;
  • damage to the cardiovascular system;
  • pregnancy;
  • diseases of the hematopoietic system.
Chloroquine Adult patients are prescribed 250-500 mg 1-3 times a day. The course of therapy depends on the person's condition and lasts 2-6 months, in some situations up to a year.
  • impaired cerebral circulation;
  • renal or hepatic impairment;
  • psoriasis;
  • neutropenia;
  • heart rhythm disorder;
  • individual sensitivity;
  • children under 12 months.
Toxoplasmosis in adults. Treatment regimen, clinical guidelines
Toxoplasmosis in adults

In addition, vitamin complexes are prescribed to all patients in the fight against toxoplasmosis, which increase the body's defenses and its resistance to pathogens.

Specific immunotherapy with toxoplasmin

The treatment regimen for toxoplasmosis in adults is drawn up individually for each patient. But all patients in combination with traditional drugs are prescribed immunostimulating agents that increase the body's immunity and its resistance to pathogenic bacteria.

The chronic form of toxoplasmosis has a strong negative effect on immunity, especially at the cellular and humoral levels. Medicines will help increase and activate the body's defenses.

Toxoplasmin is prescribed to patients if they do not have pathological foci on the organs of vision. Allergic tests are carried out beforehand. The dosage of the drug is determined by the patient's condition and is gradually increased. When a general and local reaction appears, doctors monitor the situation and assess the person's condition.

Ultraviolet irradiation

Ultraviolet irradiation (UVR) is a physiotherapy procedure that uses ultraviolet rays. During each session, when exposed to the human body, metabolic processes are improved, the transmission of impulses along nerve fibers. Blood circulation is enhanced, immunity is increased, and symptoms of the disease decrease.Toxoplasmosis in adults. Treatment regimen, clinical guidelines

Ultraviolet irradiation for patients with toxoplasmosis at the first stage of treatment is assigned a quarter of the biological dose. It is gradually increased.

Treatment with ultraviolet rays is carried out in a hospital setting, but in the absence contraindications, if the doctor permits, sessions can be carried out at home using special device.

Traditional medicine methods

Toxoplasmosis in adults (the treatment regimen is selected individually for each patient based on the results obtained after a comprehensive diagnosis) provoke parasites, for the expulsion of which a specially selected therapy. In addition to traditional drugs, you can use the recipes of healers and healers, but strictly after consulting a specialized doctor. Natural ingredients can provoke allergies or individual sensitivity.

Effective recipes:

Name Recipe Application
Decoction of medicinal herbs Mix in equal proportions common tansy, bitter wormwood, pharmacy chamomile, yellow gentian root and buckthorn bark. Grind all components well. Pour 15 g of the resulting herbal collection with boiling water (1 tbsp.). It is better to insist the product in a thermos. The ready-made broth is drunk on an empty stomach in the morning before meals for 1 hour.
Vodka tincture Pour 1 tsp. propolis with vodka (1 tbsp.). Close the container tightly and leave the resulting mass in a cool dark place for 2 weeks. Shake the tincture before taking it. The adult dosage is 1 tsp, mainly in the morning on an empty stomach. The course of treatment lasts 14 days, then a break and therapy is resumed.
Garlic application Peel and chop 10 heads of garlic. Squeeze out the juice. Mix it with natural honey (300 g). Put the resulting mass on fire and bring to a boil, cool and strain. The ready-made mixture is recommended to be taken on an empty stomach 2-3 times a day for 2 tablespoons. Garlic-based medicines help reduce the toxic symptoms that accompany toxoplasmosis.
Decoctions for enemas Pour 2 tsp into a thermos. dry tansy. Add 250 ml of hot water. Close the container tightly and leave to infuse for 1.5 hours. The filtered solution is used for an enema. The procedure takes at least 20 minutes. Sessions are held every day for a week. Then they take a break and continue therapy.

Toxoplasmosis in adults. Treatment regimen, clinical guidelinesPropolis has positive properties, including increased immunity, strengthening the body. The bee product also has an antitoxic effect, accelerates regeneration processes. Herbs gently and gently remove parasites from the body. Enemas are recommended to be done in a complex manner, while medicinal decoctions are taken orally.

Clinical guidelines for patients with toxoplasmosis

Toxoplasmosis in adults (the treatment regimen is selected by an infectious disease doctor) often runs latently, against which the disease becomes chronic. Such patients need to carefully monitor their health to avoid complications.

Patients who have been diagnosed with chronic toxoplasmosis are advised to adhere to the following recommendations:

  1. Avoid contact with sick animals, dirty soil or sand.
  2. Strictly adhere to simple rules of personal hygiene. Wash hands, cook all dishes using heat treatment, especially for meat products.
  3. It is good to wash vegetables and fruits before eating.
  4. Take medications prescribed by an infectious disease doctor or therapist. Self-therapy should be completely abandoned.

The attending physician draws up a plan for a prophylactic examination and, if necessary, treatment, individually for the patient. In some situations, a person may need to consult other specialized specialists (neuropathologist, ophthalmologist, cardiologist, rheumatologist, gynecologist).

After suffering acute toxoplasmosis, patients are advised to visit their doctor every 3-4 months for examination and preventive examinations throughout the year. Further, this gap increases. It is enough for a person to appear in the hospital 1-2 times a year. The chronic form of the disease requires patients to visit a doctor 2 times a year.

Toxoplasmosis is dangerous for children and adults in that in most cases the disease proceeds without pronounced symptoms, therefore it is not immediately diagnosed. Progressive pathological processes lead to the fact that the internal organs and systems of the human body are affected. At a late stage, it is more difficult to cope with the disease, even taking into account the selected effective treatment regimen. Therefore, you should not ignore the first symptoms of the disease, it is important to immediately go to the hospital.

Video about toxoplasmosis

Toxoplasmosis - diagnosis, prevention, treatment:

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