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Violation of eye accommodation in children. What is it, treatment

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Content

  1. Accommodation in health and disease
  2. Views
  3. Spasm
  4. Pina
  5. Paresis
  6. Weakness of accommodation
  7. Accommodative asthenopia
  8. Symptoms and Signs
  9. Causes
  10. Diagnostics
  11. Treatment methods
  12. Medications
  13. Spectacle optics
  14. Gymnastics for the eyes
  15. Massage
  16. Surgery
  17. Local barotherapy
  18. Possible consequences and complications
  19. Video about eye accommodation disorders

Disturbance of eye accommodation Is a pathology that leads to the loss of the ability of the organs of vision to adapt to the examination of objects located at different distances. There are many reasons for this disease in children. The most common are visual stress that a child receives when watching TV, reading incorrectly, exposure to light on the eye.

Accommodation in health and disease

Accommodation is the eye's ability to adapt to changing conditions.

Violation of eye accommodation in children. What it is

In this table, you can view the change in the volume of accommodation, its deviations from the normal value:

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Normal accommodation volume, dprt Spasm of accommodation PINA Paresis Weakness Presbyopia
12-14 The amount of accommodation is not determined. The volume of absolute accommodation is reduced to almost 0. Absolute accommodation is not defined, relative is zero. The absolute accommodation can be zero, the relative is often reduced to zero. Typical for the elderly.

If accommodation is disturbed, visual acuity also decreases.

Views

The violation of the accommodation of the eye in children can be of several types. Accommodation disorders are classified according to the mechanism of action of the disease.

Spasm

Accommodation spasm is a pathology caused by excessive accommodation tone. With this type of disease, the maximum corrected visual acuity decreases.Violation of eye accommodation in children. What it is

Among the reasons that cause accommodation spasm, the following phenomena can be found:

  • stressful conditions;
  • contact and intracranial injuries;
  • prolonged emotional stress.

Sometimes symptoms can occur simultaneously, which has a complex effect on the human body.

The first complaint that a patient has is a deterioration in distance vision. With accommodation spasm, therapy is rather difficult, therefore, periodic visits to a neuropathologist and psychotherapist are required.

Pina

The habitually excessive stress of accommodation often develops in children. The risk factor is excessive accommodation tone, which causes myopia and does not reduce the maximum corrected visual acuity.

The disease manifests itself at the end of the day. Symptoms develop gradually, especially after visual stress. Complaints are noted - impairment of distance vision. Treatment is reduced to wearing special spectacle optics, performing gymnastics and training, using drops. Also, methods of hardware treatment are often used.

Paresis

Accommodation paresis is an acute disorder of the abilities of the optic organ. The mechanism of action of paresis is opposite to the mechanism of action of the accommodation spasm. The violation is quite successfully treated with the use of spectacle optics, training, physiotherapy methods. When undergoing therapy, the participation of a psychotherapist is recommended.

Violation of eye accommodation in children. What it is
Violation of eye accommodation in children

Risk factors that lead to paresis of accommodation:

  • stressful conditions;
  • anesthesia;
  • the presence of acute forms of the disease.

With paresis of accommodation, the patient cannot read, and his ability to look into the distance worsens.

Weakness of accommodation

Weakness of accommodation is a condition caused by prolonged insufficient or unstable accommodation. Typical for children, adults, working at a computer or with papers. The treatment is quite simple - wearing corrective spectacles, apparatus therapy, and visual exercises.

The disorder is actively developing against the background of chronic diseases, as well as in weakened organisms prone to frequent colds. Children often have complaints - fatigue when reading and writing, drawing a notebook closer to their eyes in an attempt to see the letters, and a desire to rub their eyelids.

Accommodative asthenopia

Accommodation asthenopia is a disorder associated with pathologies of the refractive power of the eye, the ability to see images separately. A violation occurs with prolonged exposure to the organ of vision. There are numerous eye complaints associated with psychoemotional symptoms. The therapy is selected individually.

Symptoms and Signs

Violation of eye accommodation in children is manifested by the following symptoms:

  • fast and severe fatigue when working with a computer, reading, watching TV;
  • when looking from one object to another, a long-term restructuring is observed;
  • blurred image;Violation of eye accommodation in children. What it is
  • double vision;
  • pain and pain in the eyes;
  • lack of hydration of the surface of the eye, tearfulness;
  • headache.

Symptoms can manifest themselves both individually and in combination.

Causes

The reasons for the disturbance in the work of the visual organs are:

  • long-term work at the computer;
  • improper nutrition;
  • lack of exercise, exercise;
  • weakness of the back and neck muscles;
  • lack of normal conditions for working with texts, writing;
  • bad light.

Accommodation pathologies most often develop in school-age children, since it is during this period that children spend more time working with small details and images.

Diagnostics

An eye accommodation disorder in children can be detected and diagnosed by an ophthalmologist.

To determine the pathology, the following diagnostic measures are carried out:Violation of eye accommodation in children. What it is

Method Description Price
Taking anamnesis Consultation with parents and child. Collection of information about past illnesses, injuries. The method allows you to determine the possible causes of the disorder and choose the right method of therapy. The cost of a full examination with consultation varies from 1000 to 1300 rubles.
Inspection A complete examination of the patient is carried out. Using this procedure, you can determine the mechanical damage to the visual organs.
Visometry A non-invasive diagnostic method that allows you to assess the work of the visual system. The patient is placed at a distance of 5 m from the table. The right eye is examined first and then the left eye.

With the help of the data collected by this method, it is possible to determine the presence or absence of visual disease. Visometry works in conjunction with other ophthalmic methods.

Inexpensive procedure, the price of which starts from 120 rubles. The average price for visometry is 470 rubles.
Refractometry A method to determine the refraction of the eye. During the procedure, refractometers are used. The refractometric method allows you to determine the type of visual impairment and its severity. Computer refractometry of the eye is an inexpensive procedure, the cost of which starts from 50 rubles. The average price is about 616 rubles.
Fundus examination The standard procedure included in the list of preventive examinations. Atropine-based drugs are instilled into the eyes, which expand the fundus.

With the help of an ophthalmoscope, the doctor examines the condition of the retina of the eye, the optic nerve head and retinal vessels.

The cost for a direct ophthalmoscopy procedure starts from 150 rubles.
Ocular tonometry A procedure that allows you to determine the indicators of intraocular pressure. The process is essential in diagnosing eye diseases.

Indicators of normal IOP vary in the range of 10-20 mm Hg. A slight error of 2.5 mm Hg is also possible.

The cost for ocular tonometry starts from 50 rubles. On average, the price of the procedure is 330 rubles.
Study of the optical media of the eye The examination begins with an examination of the general protective apparatus of the eye and the anterior part of the eyeball. Thus, the specialist can determine the areas of opacity of the lens of the eye, even those located in the deep layers. The price for the procedure varies from 140 rubles. up to 290 rubles.
Determination of the nature of vision A procedure that allows you to determine the level of binocular vision in anisometropia, loss of visual acuity and strabismus. Binocular vision is the ability of a person to perceive an image with two eyes. The average price for determining the nature of a child's vision is 420 rubles. The initial cost is 100 rubles.
Determination of the characteristics of vision The procedure consists in determining convergence (simultaneous movement inward of both eyes to each other), volume and reserves accommodation, fusion reserves (the ability of both eyes to binocular fusion under conditions of convergence and dilution of the visual axes) both eyes. The cost of convergence research starts from 50 rubles, accommodation research - from 110 rubles. The price for determining fusion reserves starts from 300 rubles.

With the help of these diagnostic methods, it is possible to determine the presence or absence of pathologies of the optic organ. The procedures are carried out in a complex.

Treatment methods

Eye accommodation disorder in children can be treated in several ways. The most effective methods of therapy are determined by the attending physician after determining the exact type and degree of the disease.

Medications

With accommodation spasm, therapy with drugs is practiced.

Violation of eye accommodation in children. What it is
Irifrin

Drops are prescribed:

Name the effect Application Side effect Price
Irifrin It has a local effect on the tissues of the eye. Shrinks the dilator of the pupil and smooth muscles, which contributes to its expansion. Apply 1 drop to the conjunctival sac, 10% of the drug. The course of treatment is 2 weeks, daily intake.

The effect occurs within a quarter of an hour after use. The duration of action varies from 1 to 3 hours.

Cases of edema are possible. After ingestion, particles of pigment may be found in the corners of the eye. From 600 rubles for 5 ml. Can be replaced with analogues, the cost of which starts from 260 rubles.
Tropicamide The drug is used for both diagnosis and treatment. Dilates the pupils. The method of application is individual. The course of treatment, as well as the dosage, is determined by a specialist. The drug causes blurred images, sensitivity to light. Headache, dyspepsia, allergic reactions are also possible. Drops for eyes (concentration 1%) in a volume of 10 ml - 120 rubles.
Atropine Dilates the pupil. Has an effect after 30-40 minutes after ingestion. The drug works for 7-10 days after the end of the application. The method of administration and dosage is determined by the attending physician. Eye drops can be used up to 3 times a day, while the break between doses should be at least 5 hours. It is possible to increase intraocular pressure, redness of the skin on the eyelids. There is also an increase in body temperature and dry mouth - a distinctive side effect of use in children. Atropine eye drops can be purchased at the pharmacy (5 ml 1%) for 70 rubles.
Cyclomed Used to dilate the pupil. It has an additional antispasmodic effect. The drug increases intraocular pressure and reduces the tone of the vagus nerve. During the diagnosis, use no more than 2 drops in each eye. Cyclomed is used in the study of refraction and fundus examination.
On an ongoing basis, it is recommended to use no more than 1 drop 3 times a day.
Discomfort after use is possible, as well as a temporary decrease in visual acuity.

Children are characterized by nausea, general weakness and dry mouth.

The cost of 1 bottle (5%, 5 ml) of drops is on average about 450 rubles.
Violation of eye accommodation in children. What it is
Tropicamidum

Also, drugs are used that moisturize the surface of the eye. Vision restoration therapy requires the use of spectacle optics, due to which the eyes become tired and discomfortable.

Spectacle optics

Correction with spectacle optics is carried out in exceptional cases. Not all disorders associated with eye discomfort and decreased vision can be corrected with optical correction. Minus points are used only in cases where the problem does not drag on for a long time. Perforated glasses become part of the therapy.

Perforated training glasses are a device consisting of a metal or plastic frame. A black plastic is used as a lens, inside of which there are holes. The purpose of such a device is to subject the ciliary muscle of the eye to additional stress. As a result of the constant changeable focus of vision (due to the holes), the work of the muscle becomes continuous.

Gymnastics for the eyes

Gymnastics for the eyes is a simple and affordable way not only to treat, but also to prevent visual impairment. Often used is an exercise "mark" for the eyes, in combination with other procedures. Measures aimed at improving accommodation should be carried out in a standing position.

Stages:

  1. Look forward for 2-3 seconds, and then shift your gaze to the finger of your right hand. Fix the finger in front of the face, at the level of the nose. The distance between your face and your finger should be 30 cm. After 5 seconds, lower your hand. Repeat the exercise at least 10 times.
  2. At a slow pace, move your gaze in the direction of the right-to-left, and then back. Perform the exercise in 10 approaches.
  3. Look at the index finger of your left hand for 5 seconds. The finger is fixed in front of the face with a bent hand. Gradually bring your finger closer at a slow pace until the image begins to double. Perform the exercise 6-8 times.
  4. Position yourself 30 cm from the window glass. At eye level, pre-fix a small colored mark (no more than 5 mm). For visual fixation, away from the visual gaze, outline the object. Using special glasses, observe the mark for 2 seconds, and then turn your gaze to the object. Carry out the procedure on the 1st day for 5 minutes, and then for 7 minutes. Conduct the exercise in a course, the breaks between which should be 2 weeks.Violation of eye accommodation in children. What it is

Circular eye movements can be used as anchorage, which also helps to strengthen the eye muscles. In gymnastics, consistency is the main characteristic.

Massage

Massage is a method of functional therapy for visual impairment. It is necessary to perform the complex 3 times a day, after careful consultation with a specialist. The procedure is also carried out in a clinical setting - the price for it is about 500 rubles.

The massage complex includes:

  • massaging a point located in the central part of the forehead with your fingertips. This exercise takes about 30 seconds;
  • massage of eyebrows, temples, cheekbones is performed. The areas around the eyes are carefully worked out;
  • neck massage;
  • direct eye massage. Circular movements are used, the direction is from the inner corners to the outer ones;
  • the final part is closing the eyelids several times.

Before the procedure, you must also familiarize yourself with the contraindications.

Surgery

Surgical treatment of accommodation spasm is rarely used. Ophthalmic disorders are characterized by frequent relapses and low surgical efficiency.

Local barotherapy

Barotherapy is a popular device-based treatment method. The mechanism of action consists in the effect on the body of high or low pressure. Violation of eye accommodation in children. What it isDuring the apparatus treatment, the body is saturated with an air-gas mixture. The cost of such a procedure starts from 600 rubles.

Possible consequences and complications

Ocular accommodation disorder is a dangerous condition that is aggravated by a high risk of recurrence and treatment failure. The course of the pathology and its result depends on the causes of the onset and the chosen therapy. In children, accommodation disorder can cause asthenopia.

Asthenopia is discomfort in the eyes, causing rapid fatigue during work. The disease can lead to difficulty in perceiving information, learning problems.

Disturbance of eye accommodation is a complex of pathologies that manifest themselves in different ways and affect different areas of the visual organ. In children, the problem occurs due to improper nutrition, poor lighting in the room, improperly selected furniture, as well as frequent watching TV or reading books. Some types of accommodation disorders can affect the child's further life in the absence of therapy.

Video about eye accommodation disorders

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