Spasm of accommodation of the eyes in children. What is it, treatment

Children often there is a spasm of accommodation of the eyeswho are frightened with myopia due to similar symptoms. With this disease, the optic nerve of each eye is in constant hypertonicity and does not relax. As a result, the child's eyesight deteriorates sharply when examining objects at long distances.

Currently, with the presence of drug treatment, special gymnastics for the eyes and reducing the load on them, the disease can be completely cured. If left untreated or misdiagnosed, eye accommodation can develop into chronic visual impairment.

Accommodation in health and spasm

Spasm of eye accommodation in children is associated with rapid fatigue of the optic nerve. Accommodation is a dynamic part of the visual analyzer, which is responsible for adapting to a clear vision of objects at different distances. The process of accommodation is triggered by unconditioned reflux to the appearance of an indistinct image on the retina. Accommodation is the focusing process.

Normally, in children, when an object approaches the eye at a distance of 7-8 cm (up to the age of 10 y.) And 15 cm. (at the age of 11-18 years.) Accommodation is carried out without significant stress. At the same time, the near point of clear vision allows you to constantly see objects well.

In a stressed state, the child's eye is tuned to the far point of vision. As a result, when examining objects close up, rapid fatigue sets in, and objects in the distance become blurred. The child's eyesight does not actually decrease, then he can no longer focus his gaze on far-away objects.

With accommodation spasm, manifest refraction or negative optic nerve tone is 5.0-10.0 D at a rate of up to 5 units. In older children, in the study of accommodation spasm, there is a discrepancy between the manifest high myopic refraction and visual acuity without correction, which shows the difference in the setting of the visible image in each eye when it is set to the near and far point. In this case, in a child with a violation, the first indicator will always be 0.2-0.3 points below the norm.

If a lens is presented to a child's eye with a spasm, the visual acuity will be below 1.0. The child sees worse near than at a distance. Due to the violation of the normal function of focusing vision, it becomes easier for a child to see in the distance, while the quality of such a picture deteriorates.

Classification

Spasm of accommodation of the eyes in children has several types, depending on the main reasons for its formation. Allocate:

Physiological

Physiological spasm of accommodation appears with high physical exertion on vision, prolonged eye strain in children. The physiological type of the disease progresses especially clearly in the presence of a predisposition to the development of hyperopia and astigmatism. This type of spasm also occurs with poor eye hygiene. To treat the physiological type of spasm, the patient needs to choose glasses and medication to restore the work of the ciliary muscle.

Artificial

Artificial spasm of accommodation occurs as a result of exposure to drugs. To restore vision, in this case, it is enough to exclude the use of medications or carry out rehabilitation treatment.

Pathological

A pathological spasm of accommodation is accompanied by a decrease in reaction and visual acuity against the background of abnormalities in the development of the autonomic system or as a result of a traumatic brain injury.

Pathological spasm, in turn, is divided into:

• persistent or constantly present;
• unstable (temporary).

Depending on the duration of the development of the disease, spasm is:

• fresh or developing no more than 1 year;
• long-standing (established over a year ago).

Mixed

With a mixed spasm of accommodation, there are signs of two types of spasm at the same time.

Symptoms and Signs

Spasm of accommodation of the eyes in children is not always possible to establish immediately. Often the child does not complain about the change in vision or does not realize that it has worsened. At an early age, ophthalmologists can only rely on the results of examination and observation of parents, without the ability to describe the patient's complaints due to his small age. Older children may describe symptoms and complain of discomfort.

In most cases, when an optic nerve spasm occurs in children, it manifests itself:

• squinting eyes when looking at objects at a distance;
• asymmetry of the nasolabial folds;
• eye redness or soreness;
• lacrimation;
• constant blinking or scratching of the eyes.

At an older age, children develop:

• vagueness when viewing objects at a distance;
• difficulty fixing your gaze on distant objects;
• discomfort, especially in the sun or wind;
• increased dryness in the eyes, fatigue;
• tiredness and headaches;
• weakness and lack of desire to play.

With increased overexertion of the optic nerve, some children experience slight hand tremors and a decrease in blood pressure. All this affects the child's attentiveness and learning. Most of all in the risk group are primary school students and adolescents during the period of study and in the presence of increased dependence on gadgets and computers.

Causes

Spasm of eye accommodation in children is always associated with overstrain, which is provoked by the following reasons:

Furniture too large

With a strong discrepancy between children's furniture (chair, table, bed) and the parameters of the child, the baby has tension in the neck, eyes and limbs, which can trigger the onset of visual spasm nerve.

The same effect is caused by improper body position when doing lessons, using gadgets and when working at a computer.

Bad light

Weak or insufficient lighting of the child's working area, as well as the play area, provokes eye strain and affects the visual acuity.

Improper nutrition

Lack of vitamins, trace elements, as well as eating large amounts of fast carbohydrates and sugars affects the condition of the eyes, causing a weakening of their functionality, drying out of weakness and development myopia.

Low immunity

Frequent colds, low immunity from birth provoke general weakness of the body and affect the appearance of rapid and frequent fatigue, reddening of the cornea and weakening of vision, including when overwork.

Lack of oxygen

For normal formation, the child needs to be in the sun for at least 2 hours daily. If the child is little in the fresh air or walks very little, he does not have enough oxygen, vitamin D. Fresh air helps restore vision and improves the picture of perception. With a lack of exposure to fresh air, vision is primarily impaired.

Reduced physical activity

It is important for your child to constantly run, jump and move throughout the day. In the process of movement, children develop orthopedic apparatus, vision and the nervous system improves. With hypodynamia, visual functions are not trained and the ability to focus vision is reduced.

Sleep disturbance, lack of interruptions

The child should sleep at least 9 hours. in a row every day. Children 3 y. must sleep at least 1 hour during the day. to restore vigor. However, parents often cannot put their child to bed or forget about rest. Daily lessons throughout the day without sufficient rest breaks strain the optic nerve and impair visual function.

Mental strain

Overstrain during study when working with large amounts of information affects the appearance overwork of the brain, which affects the appearance of headaches, pain in the eyes and defocusing of vision.

Head injury

When a child receives head injuries in certain areas of the brain, communication with the optic nerve may be temporarily disrupted. If the child is severely injured, vision may disappear for a long period of time, deteriorate or completely disappear.

Diagnostics

Spasm of accommodation of the eyes in adolescents and children is considered a common disease. With a decrease in vision against the background of fatigue and overexertion in the presence of complaints of the child, it is important for parents to consult a specialist and undergo an examination to prescribe a diagnosis.

Ophthalmologist examination

The most important point in making a diagnosis is an examination by an ophthalmologist. The ophthalmologist records the child's complaints, establishes visual acuity with the help of special devices, and sets the amount of accommodation. The doctor performs a refrexometry. It is the examination of the doctor that allows you to initially establish the presence of visual impairment or false myopia. If there is any doubt in establishing the causes of the development of the disease, the ophthalmologist may prescribe an additional examination.

Blood analysis

A detailed blood test in a child allows you to establish the general state of his health, the level of hemoglobin, the presence of inflammatory processes. A blood test shows the transferred viral diseases and allows you to establish a reduced immunity. A blood test is carried out in any medical laboratory and its cost ranges from 500 rubles.

X-ray of the head

In the presence of suffered or received injuries, the child is assigned an X-ray of the brain. Such a study allows you to establish the integrity of the bones, the presence of hematomas and damage inside the tissues, which can affect visual impairment. X-rays are taken in the X-ray room of any clinic. Its cost is 800 rubles.

Ophthalmoscopy

With ophthalmoscopy, an examination of the fundus is carried out. A directed beam of light is sent into the eye through the pupil, which allows you to see the state of the back wall of the eyeball, blood vessels and capillaries. Such a study establishes the presence of optic nerve tone, inflammation and disturbances in the functioning of the eye. Research is carried out on a special ophthalmological apparatus in a medical center or hospital. Its cost is from 700 rubles.

Neurologist's examination

Examination of the child by a neurologist makes it possible to establish the correspondence of the child's development to his age, the presence of neuroses and deviations, the normal functioning of reflexes, including when the eyes work. If any abnormalities are established, the doctor can determine nervous tension and recommend specialized treatment. Such an examination can be done at any medical center and its cost ranges from 650 rubles.

Orthopedic examination

During the examination, the orthopedist establishes the normal development of the spine, the presence of osteochondrosis of the cervical spine, scoliosis. The doctor can also identify weak tone in the neck and shoulders. In case of clamps in the cervical spine, which affected the deterioration of visual acuity, the orthopedist will prescribe his own treatment. You can get an appointment with an orthopedist at the local polyclinic or at any medical center. Its cost is 750 rubles.

Head ultrasound

Ultrasound of the head and eyes allows you to establish the presence of hematomas, damaged areas of the brain, increased intracranial pressure. Ultrasound allows you to establish the presence of abnormalities in the formation of the skull, eyes, neoplasms and their location. A trial test can be done in a specialized medical office, including at a polyclinic. Its cost is 800 rubles.

When establishing the diagnosis of accommodation spasm in children, the conclusions of an ophthalmologist are of paramount importance. may recommend referring to another narrow specialist for the appointment of a comprehensive comprehensive treatment child. In this case, it is important to take into account the already prescribed therapy and the age of the baby.

Treatment methods

Spasm of eye accommodation in children at an early stage of formation can be easily cured with the help of a complex effect on a growing organism. As part of the treatment, the child is recommended the following methods:

Drug treatment

Treatment with medications for spasm of accommodation of the eyes in children is aimed at relaxing the ciliary muscle, restoring the functioning of the eye and relieving excessive stress.

Tropicamide

Tropicamide dilates the pupil and paralyzes accommodation and fixes this action for up to 5 hours. For children, the drug is instilled in 1 drop. in each eye with a solution of 0.5% 1 time per day in the morning for 10 days.

Phenylephrine

Phenylephrine causes dilation of the pupil, improves the outflow of intraocular fluid and constricts the vessels inside the eye. After application, the drug has a mild relaxing effect on the optic nerve. Children aged 1-5 years. the drug is instilled in 1 drop. 2 times a day, and over 6 liters. 2 drops each 2-3 times a day for 10-14 days.

Cyclomed

The drug dilates the pupil within 20 minutes. after application and the period of its action is up to 12 hours. The medicine is harmless and is prescribed for children with 3 liters for instillation in 1-2 drops.

1-2 times a day for 2 weeks.

Gilan Ultra

Gilan eye drops ultra moisturize the cornea of ​​the eye. The medicine removes all signs of eye irritation (dryness, redness, burning) and creates a protective layer on the surface. The drug is prescribed for taking 1-2 drops. 2 times a day for 1-2 weeks.

Dephyslez

Dephislosis has a moisturizing and protective effect on the cornea of ​​the eye. The drug reduces the amount of lacrimal fluid secreted, helps restore and stabilize the visual image. The medicine is recommended for children with 2-3 drops. 3-4 times a day for 10-14 days.

Lutein for children

Children's lutein complex contains vitamins A, E, C, trace elements necessary for normal functioning and development of the eyes. The drug helps to restore light sensitivity, improves color perception. The medicine is prescribed for children with 7 liters. 1 tab. per day for 30 days.

Alphabet

Vitamin complex alphabet contains a set of vitamins and microelements necessary for a child for growth and development, especially with increased loads. The remedy is effective The drug is prescribed for children to receive 1 tab. 3 times a day for 20 days.

Glycine

Glycine improves metabolic processes in brain tissues, has antidepressant and sedative effects. Glycine is prescribed for children 1 tab. 2-3 times a day for 20-30 days.

Massage

Accommodation spasm in children is often provoked by a decreased tone in the neck and back. To strengthen the muscles of the neck and back, preventive and therapeutic massage is used in this area. After the massage, the blood flow in the neck area increases, the muscles relax, and the normal position of the vertebrae is restored.

Creation of optimal conditions

To restore normal vision, children are advised to reduce eye strain, limit watching TV and playing with gadgets. It is important to maintain a safe distance from your TV or computer. In the workplace for the child, you need to make good lighting.

During classes, parents should monitor and take periodic breaks to relax their vision. Observe the correct seating position at the table, change furniture in accordance with the size of the child. Parents should not allow the baby to read while lying down and increase the time for his walks in the fresh air, add vegetables and fruits to the diet.

Gymnastics for the eyes

With regular performance of eye exercises, the manifestation of accommodation spasm decreases, eye fatigue decreases and the child's body as a whole is strengthened. When performing eye exercises, the child, under the control of the parents, makes simple movements with the eyes from sides to side horizontally, vertically and diagonally, as well as circular movements for a few minutes contract. A set of basic exercises can be easily found on the net.

Physiotherapy

To restore vision and relax the optic nerve in children over 10 y. physiotherapy is applied. Electrophoresis allows you to quickly deliver medication to the back of the eye. Magnetic therapy helps to restore visual acuity and reduce the recurrent manifestations of the disease. However, the need to use physiotherapy and their type is chosen by the attending physician.

Traditional methods of treatment

Traditional methods of treatment are used as an adjunct to the main course of treatment. As folk remedies are used:

Carrot juice

Carrot juice contains vitamins and minerals necessary for the proper development of the eyes:

• To prepare the juice, it is enough to grate the carrots and squeeze with cheesecloth or a sieve.
• Children need to drink 100-200 ml of carrot juice every day.

You can add apple or grape juice to the juice to improve the taste.

Blueberry

Blueberries have long been used as a means of restoring eyesight due to their unique composition, high content of vitamin A and microelements.For normal development and maintenance of vision, it is important for a child to eat 1 tbsp. fresh berries. For these purposes, you can use frozen berries or grated ones.

Possible consequences and complications

Spasm of accommodation of the eyes is the result of a change in external or internal factors of development in a child, which is temporary in the early stages. However, in the absence of comprehensive treatment, such a disease can lead to the development of myopia or myopia. Chronic myopia in the future in children can be eliminated only through surgery or laser correction. With myopathy or muscle damage, a gradual disruption of the eye appears, up to loss of vision and blindness. It is completely impossible to cure such a disease.

Spasm of accommodation of the eyes always causes severe discomfort in children, which parents cannot fail to notice. The child becomes inattentive, complains of eye pain, or cries often. Gradually, his eyesight falls when studying objects at long distances, and he cannot even recognize relatives from afar. In such cases, only a timely visit to a specialist and the necessary treatment helps to quickly restore the child's vision without recurrent manifestations.

Video about eye accommodation spasm

The doctor about the spasm of accommodation: