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Rubella rash. Photo, differential diagnosis, diagnosis

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Content

  1. Views
  2. Dermatological rubella
  3. Catarrhal rubella
  4. Stages and degrees
  5. Early onset of rash
  6. Late stage of rash spread
  7. Symptoms and Signs
  8. Causes
  9. Diagnostics
  10. Treatment methods
  11. Antihistamines
  12. Antipyretic drugs
  13. Boost immunity
  14. Preventive therapy
  15. Possible consequences and complications
  16. Rubella video

Rubella is a highly contagious disease. viral etiology, which is periodically diagnosed in adults and children of different age groups. The disease is accompanied by attacks of fever, an increase in general body temperature, a decline in physical strength and malaise. With rubella, the patient's skin becomes covered with multiple rashes that spread to the surface of the abdomen, neck, head, upper and lower extremities. This disease manifests itself with the same symptoms in people with different skin phototypes.

Rubella infectious agent is the pathogenic microorganism Rubella virus, the size of which ranges from 60 to 90 nm. A viral disease is characterized by a long incubation period of 15 to 24 days. During this period of time, a person may completely lack signs of rubella, but at the same time he is infectious, spreading infectious microorganisms into the environment.

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A rubella rash is the main symptom of this disease, which manifests itself on all parts of the patient's body. Depending on the severity of the infectious process, the classic form of the disease is distinguished with damage to exclusively epithelial tissues, as well as the catarrhal type of the disease.

In the latter case, rubella develops rapidly, has sharper and more intense symptoms, and can also cause severe complications. Photos of patients infected with this disease show the extent of their skin lesions.

Dermatological rubella

Rubella with a classic form of manifestation without signs of complications is characterized by the appearance of a red or pale pink rash exclusively on the surface of the epidermis. In this case, this symptom occurs gradually, or it has a dynamically developing clinical picture, depending on the state of the immune system of the infected.Rubella rash. Photo, diff. diagnosis, diagnosis

In the presence of this form of the disease, the red rash is evenly distributed over the surface of the neck, chest, back, and covers the arms and legs. In 80% of cases, foci of skin hyperpigmentation do not cause itching, discomfort, edema or the formation of bulky papules.

Catarrhal rubella

This type of disease differs in that a red or pink rash affects not only individual areas of the skin, but also spreads to the mucous membrane of the mouth and larynx. The patient has typical symptoms of rubella, but additional signs of a complicated form of the disease are added.

For example, due to the spread of a catarrhal rash on the mucous membrane of the mouth and larynx, local foci of the inflammatory process arise. The viral microorganism causes a rise in higher body temperature. The patient develops a runny nose, a slight feeling of pain and sore throat, severe fatigue and malaise persists.

Stages and degrees

A rubella rash (a photo of the skin with signs of this disease reflects the severity of the infectious process) is a symptom that manifests itself in 2 stages. Such dynamics of the development of the disease is associated with the peculiarities of the pathogenic activity of the viral microorganism Rubella.

Early onset of rash

At the initial stage of the development of the disease, a small red rash appears only on the surface of the face, the entire neck, and then systematically spreads to the scalp. Depending on the functional state of the immune system of the infected, hyperpigmented areas of the skin can be of a deep red color, or they look like continuous foci of whitish erythema.Rubella rash. Photo, diff. diagnosis, diagnosis

The latter symptomatology indicates that rubella is manifested by pale symptoms, and the patient's immune system actively resists viral invasion. The early stage of rash formation begins 2 days after the onset of other symptoms of this disease.

Late stage of rash spread

After 5-8 hours, the next stage of the spread of the rash on the skin surface of the patient's body begins. The viral microorganisms that caused rubella provoke an exacerbation of this disease. An infected person shows signs of multiple rashes on the flexors of the upper and lower extremities, hyperpigmented areas are found in the lumbar spine, spread to other parts of the back, occur on buttocks and abdomen.

The appearance of such signs indicates the peak of the infectious process. This symptomatology persists for 2-4 days. In people with severely weakened immunity, the rubella rash lasts for 1 week and then gradually disappears. A distinctive feature of the acute phase of this disease is that hyperpigmented parts of the patient's body do not transform into separate papules with signs of an inflammatory process and suppuration.

Symptoms and Signs

A rubella rash (a photo of the patient's epithelial tissues reflects the severity of a viral disease) is considered an independent symptom of this disease, which has its own stages of development.

The appearance of this symptom is characterized by the following clinical manifestations:

  • at the initial stages of the development of the disease, rashes cover small areas of the body with their localization in the neck, face and scalp;
  • in the first hours after the onset of the rash, there are signs of limited hyperpigmentation with a change in skin color from natural flesh to pale pink;
  • as rubella progresses, the rash spreads to other parts of the body with the exception of the palms of the hands and feet of the lower extremities;
  • in the most acute period of the development of the disease, the rash acquires a rich red color, and the foci of the pathological process resemble one continuous spot;Rubella rash. Photo, diff. diagnosis, diagnosis
  • the occurrence of whitish erythema is typical of the initial stages of rubella, and also occurs in people with a strong immune system;
  • a red rash covers the mucous membrane of the mouth, tongue, larynx surface (rashes in this parts of the body indicate an acute infectious process, as well as the emergence of a complicated form disease);
  • rubella rashes disappear on their own as the patient's immune system copes with viral invasion, antibodies are produced that can resist pathogenic microorganism;
  • in 80% of cases, a rubella rash does not show signs of itching or irritation, and the appearance of such symptoms requires taking medications with antihistamine properties;
  • in the process of recovery of a patient with rubella, there is a gradual blanching of areas of skin rash with their complete disappearance;
  • foci of hyperpigmentation of epithelial tissues do not flake off, do not cause damage to the epidermis and the formation of fibrous joints.

Rubella rash. Photo, diff. diagnosis, diagnosisIn the early stages of rubella, areas of the rash show symptoms that are typical of measles. As the disease progresses, the rash begins to resemble the clinical manifestations of scarlet fever. Only carrying out differential diagnostics, performing laboratory tests of urine, blood, mucous contents of the patient's oral cavity makes it possible to identify the virus of the Rubella strain.

Causes

A rubella rash (a photo of external signs of the disease confirms that the rash affects large areas of the skin) occurs 2 days after the onset of the accompanying symptoms of this ailment. An adult or a child complains of headache, general malaise and loss of physical strength, aches in the body, joints, and limited movement.

Only after 48 hours do signs of rashes appear on the surface of the body. In people with severely weakened immunity, the red rash occurs 24 hours earlier, and the symptoms of the disease appear more severe.Rubella rash. Photo, diff. diagnosis, diagnosis

The main cause of rubella rashes is the result of the pathogenic activity of the Rubella virus. Infection with a pathogenic microorganism occurs during a conversation between a healthy and already infected person. Airborne transmission of the rubella pathogen provides the virus with a rapid spread among the general population.

The second way of infection with this disease is the sharing of household items. For example, if a sick and healthy person live in the same conditions, they have a common space at work. Rubella rashes in children occur due to the sharing of toys.

There are the following factors that contribute to rubella infection with the further occurrence of a rash:

  • severely weakened immunity;
  • poor-quality and unbalanced nutrition, which led to depletion of the body, deficiency of vitamins and minerals;
  • frequent stress and psycho-emotional overstrain;
  • daily work with different segments of the population (for example, receiving citizens in state institutions);
  • visiting public places with a large crowd of people;
  • chronic overwork of the body;
  • living in closed institutions or sharing household items (correctional institutions, hostels, barracks in the army).

Rubella rashes are only possible in people who have not previously been vaccinated against rubella. Timely immunization guarantees the protection of the body from the negative consequences of this disease. Rubella vaccination is carried out in the children's clinic and the office of the local general practitioner.

Diagnostics

Rubella rash (photos of the disease can be found on information boards near the office an infectious disease doctor or dermatologist) is determined visually during a preliminary examination of a patient with signs of this ailment. For the final diagnosis, laboratory research methods are used, which are described in detail in the table below.Rubella rash. Photo, diff. diagnosis, diagnosis

Inspection method Description of the diagnostic process
Linked immunosorbent assay For this examination, the patient's venous blood is used. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay allows you to determine the qualitative and quantitative composition of viruses of the Rubella strain. The identification of protein complexes, to which the infectious microorganism belongs, is carried out using chemical enzymes. These substances act as a signaling tag, indicating the body's immune response according to the principle of "antigen-antibody". This analysis requires the donation of 5 ml of venous blood. The average price for this diagnostic method is 830 rubles.
Biochemical blood test Biochemical testing can also diagnose rubella infection. In patients with a red rash, which is provoked by this disease, there are changes in the qualitative composition of the blood. According to the results of this examination, the patient has leukopenia, plasmacytosis, active growth of serum antibodies, as well as an increase in the numerical amount of immunoglobulin M. The average cost of a biochemical study of venous blood is 1100 rubles.
Rubella rash. Photo, diff. diagnosis, diagnosis
Rubella rash

Rubella rash. Photo, diff. diagnosis, diagnosisPatients with signs of a rash caused by rubella additionally donate morning urine and blood from the ring finger bundle. Laboratory analyzes of these species are performed to obtain general information about the patient's health. In case of death, rubella virus is isolated from all body fluids of the deceased.

Treatment methods

A rubella rash is a symptom that practically does not cause any discomfort. Hyperpigmentation of the skin disappears on its own as it recovers without the use of special preparations.

Patients with rashes, which are accompanied by a feeling of itching, irritation, are prescribed a course of antihistamines. In the presence of signs of an increase in body temperature, attacks of fever, chills, antipyretic and analgesic medicines from the group of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are used.

Antihistamines

In 80-90% of cases, rubella rash does not cause discomfort. The itching sensation can occur in people who are initially prone to skin allergic reactions.

In such a situation, it is possible to prescribe the following drugs:

  • Loratadin (35 rubles);Rubella rash. Photo, diff. diagnosis, diagnosis
  • Cetrin (126 rubles);
  • Aleron (1200 rubles);
  • Ketotifen (55 rubles).

The dosage regimen with the above medicines is set individually by the attending physician, depending on clinical manifestations of the disease, but on average 1-2 tablets per day with a duration of 5-10 days.

Antipyretic drugs

The appearance of multiple rashes, which is accompanied by an increase in body temperature up to 38-39 degrees Celsius, attacks of fever, chills, headache, spread to the mucous membrane of the mouth and throat, requires the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory funds.

In this case, the use of the following medicines is shown:

  • Paracetamol (16 rubles);
  • Acetylsalicylic acid (15 rubles);
  • Fervex (159 rubles);
  • Panadol (56 rubles);
  • Efferalgan (160 rubles).Rubella rash. Photo, diff. diagnosis, diagnosis

The above drugs are indicated for the relief of symptoms caused by rubella. Taking these medicines allows you to eliminate signs of hyperemia and local edema of the mucous membrane of the oral cavity, throat, provoked by a rash. The duration of therapy is determined by the doctor, but on average does not exceed 5 days.

Boost immunity

Eliminating the signs of a rash, quickly getting rid of a viral disease is possible only with strong immunity.

To stimulate the protective functions of the body, the following drugs with immunostimulating properties can be used:

  • Isoprinosine (572 rubles);
  • Imudon (308 rubles);
  • Immunal (299 rubles);Rubella rash. Photo, diff. diagnosis, diagnosis
  • Normomed (300 rubles).

Medicines of this group increase the functional activity of lymphocytes, eliminate signs rash by improving the patient's immune system, which begins to destroy the virus on its own rubella.

Preventive therapy

Getting a prophylactic immunization is the single most effective way to treat skin rashes and other rubella symptoms. According to order No. 125 of March 21, 2014, approved by the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, the first vaccination against this disease is carried out for all children at the age of 1 year.

Repeated revaccination is carried out at 6 years of age. Thanks to the timely implementation of vaccinations in the territory of the Russian Federation, the rubella virus was completely eradicated in the 1st quarter of 2019, which is confirmed by the corresponding WHO certificate.

On the basis of the same document, men of the age category from 12 months are subject to preventive immunization. up to 18 years old, as well as the female half of the population aged 12 months. up to 25 years old. Vaccination is carried out on condition that the person has not previously had rubella.

Rubella rash. Photo, diff. diagnosis, diagnosis

People who have already experienced this disease develop stable immunity for the rest of their lives. Prophylactic immunization makes it possible to exclude the factor of the development of severe consequences for the body, which may occur due to complicated forms of rubella.

Possible consequences and complications

The rash on the body itself, caused by rubella, is not dangerous for the human body. This symptom disappears as suddenly as it appears during the acute phase of the disease.

Most people get mild rubella without signs of significant health problems. This disease is especially dangerous for children at the stage of intrauterine development. The Rubella virus has the ability to cross the placental barrier with further penetration into the child's body.

While in the tissues of the developing fetus, the viral infection causes a rash in a pregnant woman and an unborn child.

The onset of the following complications is not excluded:

  • arthritis of the joints of the upper and lower extremities;
  • encephalitis with dysfunction of the nervous system;
  • congenital anomalies of intrauterine development of the fetus (various kinds of physical defects);
  • stillbirth;
  • ophthalmic pathologies, among which the most common is cataract;
  • inflammation of the peripheral nerves responsible for the functions of the organ of vision;
  • thrombocytopenic purpura;
  • Guillain-BarrĂ© syndrome;
  • medullary aplasia;
  • inflammation of the tissues of the heart muscle.

The most common negative consequence of rubella is arthritis in the joints of the upper and lower extremities. At risk are girls of the younger age group, as well as women of childbearing age who have not received preventive immunization in a timely manner.

Rubella rash is one of the many symptoms of this disease that manifests itself in people with different skin phototypes. Red or pale pink rashes appear on the 2nd day after the onset of other signs of this disease in the form of fever, headache, physical weakness and swollen lymph nodes.

At the initial stage of the development of the disease, a rash occurs on the surface of the neck, face and scalp. As the disease progresses, multiple lesions spread to the remaining areas of the body. In people with normal immunity, the rash disappears on its own without the use of drugs.

Rubella video

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