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How to collect urine for a sowing tank during pregnancy, for flora

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Content

  1. When a urine culture tank is prescribed
  2. What the analysis shows
  3. Indicator standards
  4. How to prepare
  5. Which collection container is suitable
  6. How to collect urine for flora analysis
  7. Do I need to wash myself when collecting urine?
  8. Can I get tested during menstruation?
  9. How much urine needs to be collected
  10. Storage conditions for biomaterial before delivery to the laboratory
  11. Deciphering analysis indicators
  12. What do deviations from the norm say, what indicators determine pathologies
  13. During pregnancy
  14. With infections of the genitourinary system
  15. When infected with AIDS
  16. With diabetes mellitus
  17. In case of hormonal metabolism disorders
  18. Video about urine culture tank

Collect urine for analysis for seeding tank required for many inflammatory diseases of the kidneys and urinary tract caused by bacteria. In the course of the study, the causative agent of the infectious process is determined, which allows you to choose the most optimal antibacterial drug.

When a urine culture tank is prescribed

A healthy person does not have bacteria in the urine. If, as a result of a general analysis of urine, their presence is established, then a bacteriological study of urine is prescribed, or urine culture for microflora. In the course of this study, the type of microorganisms is determined and their number is estimated. If the titer (concentration) of certain bacteria is high, their antibiotic sensitivity is investigated.

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A referral for analysis is prescribed in the following situations:

  • when there are symptoms of infectious and inflammatory diseases of the kidneys and urinary tract (diuresis disorders, cramps during urination, lower abdominal pain, weakness and subfebrile condition);How to collect urine on a tank culture for flora during pregnancy
  • if you suspect a chronic process, when there are no symptoms;
  • with urolithiasis;
  • with diseases of the prostate gland in men;
  • pregnant women;
  • after instrumental manipulations on the urinary tract (placement of a catheter) or urological operations;
  • elderly patients;
  • people with chronic diseases, including diabetes mellitus.

It may be necessary to collect urine for a culture tank and pass it for research to change the existing therapy if it does not bring the desired effect. Based on the results of the analysis, the most effective antibacterial drugs are selected.

What the analysis shows

During the study, the presence or absence of opportunistic and pathogenic flora in the urine is specified.

For the analysis, specific nutrient media for microbes are used, which are selected taking into account the characteristics of their life cycle. In these environments, "growing" is carried out, the cultivation of bacteria, which lasts several days (up to 5-7 days).

If the growth of colonies of microorganisms is detected on the nutrient medium, the result is considered positive. If there is no flora and the growth of colonies, respectively, is absent, the result is negative.

The result obtained is not always reliable. For example, a sample may be contaminated with bacteria from the environment - this could give a false positive result. When using antibiotics or standing the collected urine for a long time in the light, the result is false-negative.

Most often, gram-negative flora is found in urine. Bacteria enter the urinary tract with an ascending infection, which is complicated by pyelonephritis, or are carried in the bloodstream.

The following representatives of the pathogenic flora are usually found:

  • E. coli (Escherichia coli);
  • Klebsiella (Klebsiella);
  • bacteria of the genus Proteus (Proteus);
  • Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Pseudomonas aeruginosa);
  • citrobacter (Citrobacter);
  • yeast fungus (Candida albicans);
  • streptococci, staphylococci and enterococci.How to collect urine on a tank culture for flora during pregnancy

The results of the study will indicate which flora is identified, what type it belongs to (normal, pathogenic or opportunistic). An assessment of quantitative indicators will be given: the concentration of bacteria in the sample and the activity of its growth in the nutrient medium.

If the titer of opportunistic bacteria is low, and there are no symptoms, a test for the sensitivity of microorganisms to specific bacteriophages and antibiotics is not done. With high quantitative indicators, such a test is carried out. As a result, it is established which antibiotic is most effective against the isolated pathogen, and in what concentration.

Indicator standards

It is believed that a healthy person cannot contain more than 10,000 bacteria in 1 ml of urine. On the analysis form, this figure is written as 1 * 104 KOE / ml. The abbreviation CFU stands for Colony Forming Units. Such a number of microbial bodies in the general analysis of urine is not even detected.

Often, their number reaches 50,000 bacteria. In the absence of objective symptoms, this fact only indicates that microorganisms have entered the urine from the vagina, skin or foreskin. In this case, they speak of false bacteriuria.

For diagnostics, true bacteriuria is important, that is, more than 50,000 microbial units are present in 1 ml. Usually, this amount indicates the presence of an infection in the kidneys or urinary tract.

The variants of the norm and pathology are summarized in the table:How to collect urine on a tank culture for flora during pregnancy

The number of bacteria, in CFU / ml Result
Absent, or less than 1000 Normal, no infection
1000 to 50,000 False bacteriuria
50,000 and more True bacteriuria (there is an acute infectious process)
Asymptomatic bacteriuria (suspected chronic infection)

How to prepare

As a rule, the analysis is taken before the start of antibiotic therapy. If treatment with drugs is already underway, they are stopped 2 weeks before the study. You should stop taking diuretics 2 days before the procedure.

It should be borne in mind that drinking a lot of fluids will reduce the number of bacteria in the urine. If you drink a lot of water on the eve of the analysis, it will not give an objective picture of the disease.

Which collection container is suitable

Collect urine for the culture tank in a clean container with transparent walls and a screw cap. The sterility of the dishes is the main condition that will reduce the likelihood of obtaining a false positive result. A thoroughly washed glass jar is allowed. However, traces of soap and other detergents can cause alkaline fermentation of urine and render it unusable.

A special plastic container for urine collection is best. This container is inexpensive and can be purchased at almost every pharmacy.

How to collect urine for flora analysis

Urine is collected for analysis after a night's sleep. Urine is needed "from the middle portion" of the stream, that is, starting from the middle of urination.

During the collection of biomaterial, the following algorithm should be adhered to:

  1. Within 1-2 seconds (about 10 ml of urine), urinate into the toilet. Along with the initial portion, foreign impurities and impurities are washed off from the outer part of the urethra.
  2. Without interrupting urination, put a container under the stream for a few seconds.
  3. Flush the last portion of urine into the toilet again.
  4. Screw on the container lid tightly.

How to collect urine on a tank culture for flora during pregnancySometimes doctors advise women to cover their vaginas while urinating with a cotton pad or tampon. This will help prevent bacteria and leukocytes from that area from entering the urine.

Do I need to wash myself when collecting urine?

A thorough toilet of the external genitals is required before the procedure. Women and girls wash with movements directed from front to back, that is, from the abdomen to the back. This makes it easier to exclude germs, mainly Escherichia coli, from the anal area into the vaginal area, where they can enter the urine and contaminate the sample.

For washing, use detergents with a neutral pH or baby soap without dyes and fragrances.

Can I get tested during menstruation?

It is not recommended to take an analysis during the period of menstruation. It is possible to collect urine on the last day of the menstrual cycle, when there is no more abundant discharge.

How much urine needs to be collected

It is necessary to collect urine in an amount of 10 to 50 ml. To make an analysis for a seed tank, this volume will be enough.

Storage conditions for biomaterial before delivery to the laboratory

It is in the patient's best interest to send the sample to the laboratory as soon as possible. The longer the urine stands, the more it alkalizes, and the more inaccurate the results will be. In order not to take a second referral for analysis in the future, the biomaterial should be delivered within 1-2 hours after receiving it.

If this is not possible, it is allowed to store the container with the sample in the refrigerator for 8 hours at a temperature from +2 to +8 ° C.

Deciphering analysis indicators

In the laboratory, on the analysis form, the data obtained are indicated: what kind of flora (types of bacteria) has been isolated, in what quantity, its sensitivity to antibacterial drugs.

When decoding the analysis, they are guided by the degree of bacteriuria:

  • If the microbial count is low (up to 1000 CFU), there is no bacteriuria. The result is negative.
  • A low degree of bacteriuria (from 1000 to 10,000 CFU / ml) does not indicate a urinary infection, but rather contamination of the sampling material from the outside. To avoid a false positive result, the analysis is repeated. Since pathology in urine is usually found any one type of bacteria, the presence of a variety of flora also suggests external infection of the biomaterial.
  • True bacteriuria (from 50,000 CFU / ml and above) indicates an infectious process in the kidneys or urinary tract. The result is positive. For the final diagnosis and determination of the course of therapy, additional studies are required.

If a culture tank with an antibioticogram is prescribed, the results indicate data on the sensitivity of the pathogen to a number of antibiotics or specific bacteriophages.How to collect urine on a tank culture for flora during pregnancy

Sensitivity is characterized using the following notation:

  • S - means a high level of sensitivity;
  • I - moderate;
  • R - resistance, that is, microorganisms are completely resistant to antibiotic effects.

The diagnosis is established on the basis of comparing the results of the analysis with the patient's complaints and the results of other studies.

What do deviations from the norm say, what indicators determine pathologies

The presence of a large number of bacteria in the urine indicates an infectious process in the urinary system. The type and degree of pathogenicity of the detected microorganisms matters.

During pregnancy

In pregnant women, bacteriuria is established 5 times more often than in non-pregnant women. The reason lies in the obstruction of the outflow of urine due to the pressure of the growing uterus on the kidneys and ureters. Stagnant urine leads to the proliferation of bacteria. In addition, the state of the immune system worsens, the hormonal background changes - all this contributes to the exacerbation of existing renal diseases.

You will have to collect urine for a sowing tank at least twice: when registering with an antenatal clinic for pregnancy and at 38 weeks, almost before childbirth. The presence of bacteria in the birth canal is dangerous for the fetus, as it can become infected by passing through them during delivery. This is why the second study is especially important.

The analysis may be prescribed more often if the expectant mother has kidney and urinary tract diseases. The reason for carrying out a seeding tank is the identification of leukocytes and protein in the general analysis of urine.

During pregnancy, the usual abnormalities leading to bacteriuria are cystitis (inflammation of the bladder) and pyelonephritis (inflammation of the renal pelvis). Infectious cystitis develops with the active reproduction of Trichomonas vaginalis, mycoplasma, chlamydia, staphylococcus, Escherichia coli and other opportunistic microflora. The patient suffers from frequent, painful urination.

The culprit of pyelonephritis, as a rule, is Escherichia coli. The characteristic signs of renal inflammation are severe lower back pain, fever. Often, the course of pyelonephritis is latent, and then it is detected only with a planned study of the urine of a pregnant woman.

With infections of the genitourinary system

The ascending route of urinary tract infection is considered the main one. The infection rises up from the external genital organs along the urethra to the bladder and kidneys, colonizing mucous membranes along the way. Accordingly, urethritis (inflammation of the urethra), cystitis and pyelonephritis develop.

The cause of urethritis is often the transfer of bacteria from the anus to the urethra. In this case, E. coli is detected in the inoculation tank. Urethritis complicates genital infections such as gonorrhea, trichomoniasis and chlamydia. In addition to itching and burning during urination, patients are worried about discharge from the urethra. In an acute process, they are purulent or frothy; in chronic - watery or mucous.

When the pathogenic flora reaches the bladder, cystitis develops. When it enters the kidneys - pyelonephritis.

The development of inflammation is indicated by the indicators of the general analysis of urine: changes in its acidity and density, an increase in the number of erythrocytes and leukocytes. Bacteriuria above 100,000 units, established during bacteriological culture of urine, indicates a strong inflammatory process.How to collect urine on a tank culture for flora during pregnancy

It will be necessary to collect urine for a culture tank if the infection is persistent, recurrent and cannot be treated with prescribed drugs. Determining a specific pathogen will allow you to establish which antibiotics will be able to cope with it, and which will turn out to be useless.

When infected with AIDS

The human body affected by the immunodeficiency virus becomes vulnerable to many pathogenic bacteria. Conditionally pathogenic flora, which constantly lives on the mucous membranes of the genitourinary tract and does not threaten health, begins to multiply intensively with reduced immunity. When its amount exceeds the permissible level, an infection develops.

Therefore, people with immunodeficiency conditions are a risk group for the development of inflammation of the urinary tract. A permanent pathology in patients with AIDS and HIV is mycobacterial infection of the kidneys caused by yeast (Candida) and mold (Aspergillus) fungi.

When isolating the pathogen, bacteria of the genus Proteus, E. coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, enterobacteria are typical. In the presence of microbial bodies, at least 105 and symptoms such as fever, dysuria, severe low back pain diagnose acute pyelonephritis or infectious glomerulonephritis.

With diabetes mellitus

Glucosuria - the presence of sugar in the urine, contributes to the development of an ascending infection of the kidneys and urinary tract in diabetic patients.How to collect urine on a tank culture for flora during pregnancy

Often there is a fungal infection of the mucous membranes of the penis and vagina - cadidous balanoposthitis in men and vulvovaginitis in women. The disease is manifested by inflammation, itching. The mucous membrane is reddened, covered with curdled clots. In the inoculum tank, the causative agent of the infection is found: yeast-like fungi of the genus Candida. As a rule, with diabetes mellitus, the course of candidiasis is more persistent.

In case of hormonal metabolism disorders

Hormonal imbalances make the urinary tract susceptible to infections. Menopausal women are at risk. So, a lack of estrogen leads to dryness of the mucous membranes of the vagina and a decrease in its barrier functions. Some hormonal contraceptives have the same effect.

As a result, a candidal infection develops on the mucous membranes, which, with an unfavorable course, spreads to the upper parts of the genitourinary tract.

The value of bacterial urine culture as a diagnostic procedure is due to the fact that with its help it is possible not only to detect the causative agent of the infection, but also to investigate it in detail, eventually choosing the right therapy. At the same time, it is not difficult to collect biomaterial for analysis. Unfortunately, the method has a significant drawback - you have to wait several days for the result. This is inconvenient when urgent antibacterial treatment is required.

Video about urine culture tank

How a bacteriological culture of urine is given:

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