Non-prescription drops for constricting the pupils are harmless. Names, list, price, where to buy

Drops that are used for constriction of the pupil diameterare usually sold in pharmacy chains without a prescription. They belong to different groups, the differences also concern the price and features of the application.

Indications for the use of drops for narrowing the pupils

The most common indication for the prescription of drugs in this group is the development of glaucoma. Among the conditions in which it is necessary to reduce the diameter of the pupil, vascular diseases occupy a significant place. This applies to both venous thrombosis and narrowing of the retinal arteries. This refers to both acute conditions and chronic pathologies.

Miosis (constriction of the pupil) is necessary when the pupil opening under the influence of mydriatics. For example, after diagnostic tests in ophthalmology.

Contraindications

Inflammatory diseases are far from the best background for using eye drops with a miotic effect. They are also not recommended in the presence of allergic reactions and intolerance.

Pupil constriction drops (many of the drugs in this group are sold without a prescription) rarely enter the systemic circulation.

But this is precisely what the main group of contraindications concerns:

• blockade of the heart;
• hypotension;
• bronchial asthma;
• tremor;
• hyperthyroidism with thyrotoxicosis.

Groups of effective drugs

Reversibly narrow the pupil of M-cholinomimetics (Scopolamine, Pilocarpine). These are medicines that act on the receptors of the autonomic nervous system. This also includes anticholinesterase drugs that block the enzyme phosphodiesterase.

Beta blockers (Timolol) reduce the pupil indirectly. Finally, combined agents combine the properties of representatives of several groups. Fotilus is an example.

How drugs work

The effects of drugs are realized through various enzyme systems and receptors in the body. They depend on the pharmacological group and are realized by relaxing the muscular structures of the pupil. Miosis also develops due to a decrease in the secretion of intraocular moisture, its pressure.

Rules for using eye drops

The frequency of use of drugs is discussed with the attending doctor. Without his advice, it is better not to purchase drops with a miotic effect.

There are the following recommendations:

• It is better not to drip the drug from several different groups at once.
• The break between them should be at least 15-30 minutes.
• When using phosphodiesterase inhibitors and other drops, it is best to press down on the skin of the lacrimal sac to prevent medication from entering.

An overview of the best over-the-counter drugs

Eye drops for narrowing the pupils (almost every drug in this group can be bought without a prescription) differ in properties and indications.

Pilocarpine-Darnitsa

A drug that is widely used in ophthalmic practice for the treatment of diseases and conditions accompanied by dilated pupils. According to its pharmacological effect, it is an M-cholinomimetic. It acts on muscarinic receptors located in various organs, including the eye.

If we talk about the mechanism of action, then this is a typical parasympathomimetic. This term reflects the activation of the parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system.

What happens to the eye apparatus when using drugs that have an M-cholinomimetic effect:

• muscle fibers of the circular muscle contract, which causes constriction of the pupil (miosis);
• decrease in pressure inside the eye, which is especially important in glaucoma;
• sets the focus of the eye to near vision, since the M-3 (muscarinic) receptors of the accommodative muscle are excited, which contracting makes the lens more convex.

When a drug enters the bloodstream, the so-called systemic effects are realized:

• Slowdown of the heart rate up to hemodynamically significant bradycardia, when a sharp decrease in pressure is possible, complicated by loss of consciousness and collapse.
• Muscle tone increases, so intestinal motility may increase.
• Another effect is associated with an increase in the secretion of all glands. Clinically, the most significant is the hypersecretion of the glands located in the bronchial mucosa. In persons with bronchial asthma, this can provoke a worsening of the course with frequent attacks of suffocation.

The preparation is made on the basis of an extract of the variegated Pilocarpus plant. It is an alkaloid that has alkaline properties. Pilocarpine itself - Darnitsa is produced in small dropper bottles. Volume from 5 to 10 ml. In terms of the active substance (pilocarpine hydrochloride), it is 50-100 mg. The price varies from 28 to 60 rubles.

Among the indications for use in glaucoma, thrombosis of the central retinal vein, atrophy of the optic nerve, acute occlusion of the retinal arteries, vitreous hemorrhage. Another indication is associated with the elimination of the actions of Atropine, Scopolamine and other agents that caused the expansion of the pupil. Pilocarpine constricts the pupil to its normal size.

First, you need to use 1, maximum 2 drops, but no more than 4 times a day. On the first day, you can generally do with two instillation of the drug into the conjunctival region of the eye. The dose can be increased over time. In case of an attack of glaucoma, a more frequent frequency of use is recommended.

Among the contraindications are mainly inflammatory eye diseases. These are iridocyclitis and iritis. The agent is used with caution in bronchial asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, sinus node dysfunction and severe bradycardia.

Among the known side effects of conjunctivitis. With prolonged use, signs of eyelid dermatitis may appear. Migraine headache is less common.

Fotil

This is a combined preparation. It combines 2 live connections with different application points. These are pilocarpine hydrochloride, the features of which are described in the previous paragraph, and timolol maleate. The latter acts on alpha-blockers.

The point of action of Timolol is different from Pilocarpine. These are beta -1 and beta-2 adrenergic receptors. Predominantly, the drug acts on type 2 receptor molecules.

The main effect is realized through a change in the structure of the ciliary body, in which the latter are localized.

Timolol leads to a blocking of beta-2 receptors. As a result, the synthesis of intraocular fluid decreases precisely within the anterior ocular chamber.

A drug:

• reduces pressure in the eye;
• reduces the secretion of moisture;
• narrows the diameter of the pupil.

Among the excipients are citric acid and sodium citrate. The solution itself is transparent, has no color. The bottle contains a small volume (5 ml). It is placed in a cardboard box.

The dosage is standard: 1 drop twice a day. The course depends on the condition for which drops are prescribed. If the expected duration of treatment exceeds a month, then the intraocular pressure should be measured with an apparatus every four weeks. If the decrease is insufficient, the drug is changed to Fotil forte.

Among the indications are all the same diseases for which ordinary Pilocarpine is used. Added only the state after eye surgery, when the hydrostatic pressure increases inside the eyeball.

There are diseases when Fotil is not recommended at all due to the danger to the body. This is important in bradycardia, when the heart rate and pulse decrease, as well as a tendency to low blood pressure (hypotension).

Bronchial asthma, thyrotoxicosis are those diseases when beta-blockers are able to cause decompensation, and the risk will outweigh the expected benefit from using eye drops to narrow pupils.

Among the ophthalmic contraindications: inflammatory diseases of the anterior segment of the eye, the early period after surgery. Individual intolerance to the components of the drug is also taken into account.

Local adverse events are most often manifested in the development of dry eye syndrome and conjunctivitis.

Less common:

• dermatitis of the skin of the eyelids;
• transient burning sensation;
• itching in the eye area.

Cases of development of point corneal inflammation are described. In conditions of darkening due to the narrowed diameter of the pupil, visual acuity decreases. Allergy of the conjunctival membrane may occur.

Side symptoms of a systemic nature are considered more dangerous. If you can not pay close attention to the outflow of saliva and diarrheal syndrome, then a sharp slowing heart rate and lowering blood pressure is life-threatening with initially low blood pressure and bradyarrhythmias.

The drug causes bronchospasm when it enters the bloodstream. But this is often the case with incorrect dosing. An overdose is more concerned with dysfunction of cardiac activity: from rhythm disturbances to acute failure, sometimes to a shock level.

Drops for constricting the pupils without a prescription are easy to obtain, but it is very important to know the features of the application. Concomitant use with beta-blockers (Atenolol, Bisoprolol, Metoprolol) increases the risk arterial hypotension, collapse and hemodynamically significant bradycardia (which leads to pre-shock condition).

Given the possible decrease in vision, it is not recommended to drive a motor vehicle or train after instillation. One of the important points to remember is the preservative properties of Fotila. Therefore, it cannot be combined with lenses. Before using the drops, it is better to remove the lenses, and put them back on only after 15 minutes.

The drug is sold in the pharmacy network without hindrance, no prescription is required. The average price is 250 rubles. per bottle.

Naphtizin

The scope of the drug is not at all ophthalmology. This medication belongs to decongestants, widely used in otorhinolaryngology. But intranasal drops can be used for eye drops.

It is unofficially allowed to use Naphthyzin for conjunctivitis of allergic genesis. But then the concentration of the active substance must be maintained - 0.01%. Otherwise, you can cause burns to the mucous membranes of the eyes.

The drug is widely known among drug addicts. Due to the content of ephedrine, it is administered intravenously. In addition, it is on the basis of naphthyzine that the synthetic drug "crocodile" is made in an artisanal way.

Individuals who are addicted to injecting drug use also often try to hide mydriasis (dilated pupil) caused by hazardous substances. For this purpose, they use nasal drops of Naphthyzin, since they are very easy to acquire.

In the case of using the drug off-label, the following consequences are guaranteed:

• Tremors and vomiting.
• Hallucinations.
• Destruction of neurons in the brain and spinal cord, causing dementia.
• Renal failure
• Heart rhythm disorders.
• Ultimately, death comes.

Vizin

The drug does not belong to miotics in its direct action. But miosis is one of the indirect, secondary effects when using Vizin.

According to its pharmacological effect, the drug is considered an alpha-adrenergic agonist. That is, it has an effect on the adrenergic receptors of the vessels. This fact explains that Vizin today is one of the most popular among the known remedies for redness of the eyes.

At the same time, the pupil narrows due to changes in the parameters of the secretion of intraocular fluid and changes in intraocular pressure. Therefore, miosis comes slowly and it is not always noticeable.

Timolol

Drops under this trade name for narrowing the lumen of the pupils are one of the components of the previously described Fotila. They are sold over the counter.

The effect is the same, but the drug is devoid of Pilocarpine. Therefore, the expected constriction of the pupil does not occur so quickly and not so clearly. The effect is dose-dependent. Contraindications and symptoms of overdose are similar. The price category of drops is up to about 70 rubles. per bottle.

Paraoxon

Drops for narrowing the pupils can be not only adrenergic blockers or m-anticholinergics, but also anticholinesterase agents. These include Paraoxon. It lowers the level of calcium inside the cell, so the muscle tone decreases. The effect is achieved by blocking the enzyme - fsopodiesterase.

The group of funds is not recommended for use in ophthalmic practice due to its high toxicity. But the drug narrows the pupil quickly, but due to strong binding to receptors and the enzyme system, the effect lasts for a very long time.

Armin

This is a representative of irreversible PDE inhibitors, a group of anticholinesterase agents. Among the analogues, there are also known agents such as Proserin, Galantamine, Axamon. The active compound is ethylnitrophenylethyl phosphonate.

Drops for narrowing the pupils (they are sold without a prescription in any pharmacy) are transparent, produced in small bottles. It is used twice or three times a day. The skin over the lacrimal sac must be pressed so that the contents do not get into its lumen.

Of the official indications for use, glaucoma takes the leading place. But due to its very powerful miotic effect, it can be used to hide the fact of the use of psychoactive compounds. It is important to maintain concentration so as not to cause irreversible consequences. Such diseases as epilepsy, tremors, ischemic heart disease with angina pectoris are subject to restrictions.

Echotiophata iodide

These are drops with a very strong effect. Echotiophata iodide is used in the treatment of glaucoma and some ocular foci.

The drug is quite dangerous when used uncontrolled. It belongs to anticholinergic drugs. Within 15-20 minutes. after the drug is dropped into the eye, the pupil is significantly narrowed. The maximum effect should be expected in 30-40 minutes. But the most important thing is that the effect is quite persistent. It lasts for about 2 weeks. Cases are described when the pupil narrows up to a month.

It is difficult to obtain eye drops. Prescription required. In addition, ecothiophatic iodide is not sold as drops. It is available only in powders, and solutions are already made ex tempore. This is the big minus of these drops.

Do not use more than one drop in the eye. Overdose symptoms can be caused. You also need to observe an interval of 5 minutes between instillations in different eyes. You should beware of the simultaneous use of eye drops of a different group. It is better to wait a break of 10 minutes between their use.

It is very important to use eye drops correctly and only as directed. For narrowing of the opening of the pupils, there should be indications that are discussed with the ophthalmologist after an internal examination. Ophthalmic drugs are freely available without a prescription in any pharmacy chain.

Video about drops for narrowing the pupils

Description and instructions for Vizin drops: