Eye drops for glaucoma and cataracts

To date glaucoma is one of the main reasons due to which millions of people go blind in the world every year. according to preliminary calculations, on average, every minute on the planet 1 adult goes blind, and every 10 minutes. - 1 minor child.

In particular, in Russia this disease is one of the main ones, which leads to visual disability. Special eye drops in such a situation are the life-saving remedy that can protect against glaucoma and permanent loss of vision.

Classification

Glaucoma eye drops are created on the basis of evidence of their effectiveness, which was obtained during large-scale trials that swept the entire planet.

In recent decades, in world practice, research has been carried out to study:

• Glaucoma with normal blood pressure.
• Developed glaucoma.
• Initial glaucoma.
• Ocular hypertension.

In the course of all these works, it was revealed that the requirements for the optimal drug for lowering ophthalmotonus are:

• A significant decrease in intraocular pressure (up to 30%).
• Saving the hypotensive effect over a long period of time (about 24 hours).
• Maintaining the minimum required IOP level with minor fluctuations in its indicators in the context of the day (maximum 5 mm. rt. Art.).
• The minimum risk of extraneous, unwanted reactions.
• Simple and straightforward dosage regimen.

Drops for eyes from glaucoma are divided into three large groups:

• Means that optimize the waste of intraocular fluid (IVF). This is due to the improvement of the flow of the high-blood fluid along the uveoscleral pathway. Such drugs have the most pronounced hypotensive effect.
• Means that suppress the generation of high-viscosity fluids. This happens due to the blocking of b-adrenergic receptors of the ciliary body.
• Combined drugs.

In turn, the first pharmaceutical products will be divided into three subgroups:

• Cholinomimetic agents.
• Adreno- and sympathomimetics.
• Prostaglandins.

The second group of medicines is subdivided into:

• Antienzymes.
• Antiadrenergic drugs.
• Adreno- and sympathomimetics.

Top 10 drugs from the pharmacy

Drops for eyes from glaucoma are most effective in their activities, provided they are systematically used and the recommendations of the attending physician are followed. Consider the main pharmacological developments aimed at getting rid of eye problems.

Glauprost

The drug is produced in the form of drops. 1 ml of this pharmacological development contains 0.05 mg of the main substance called latanoprost.

Introduced into the composition as auxiliary elements:

• Benzalkonium chloride - 0.20 mg.
• Disodium hydrogen phosphate dodecahydrate - 17.00 mg.
• Sodium dihydrogen phosphate dihydrate - 7.00 mg.
• Sodium chloride - 3.00 mg.

The medicine is available in packs of 1 or 3 bottles. Each dropper bottle contains 2.5 ml of the drug.

Glauprost has the ability to lower the eye pressure to below the critical level by accelerating the withdrawal of the aqueous structure.

In this case, the drops do not directly affect the formation of the eye fluid and the blood-ophthalmic barrier. The maximum effectiveness of the drug occurs 8-12 hours after it enters the body. The duration of action of the drops is 24 hours.

The use of the drug occurs by instilling it in 1 drop in each eye once a day, preferably in the evening. If a dose is missed, the next dose cannot be doubled, but is administered in the standard mode.

Indications for the use of the drug are glaucoma and excessively high intraocular pressure.

It is forbidden to use drops by minors, as well as persons who have an individual intolerance to latanoprost and other components of the drug. Pregnant and lactating women are allowed to use the medicine under the supervision of the attending physician. Overdose is noted in the form of irritation of the mucous membrane of the eye.

Side effects of drops can be:

• Burning or pain in the eyes.
• Swelling of the eyelids.
• Skin rash on the eyelids.
• Dizziness and pain in the head.
• Muscle or joint pain.

Glauprost is sold through pharmacy chains according to medical prescriptions. The estimated cost of the drug is from 450 to 600 rubles. per packing.

Xalatamax

These drops are produced in the form of bottles with a 2.5 ml pipette-dispenser.

The composition of the medicine contains:

• Latanoprost.
• Purified water.
• Sodium hydrogen phosphate.
• Benzalkonium chloride.

The drug has the ability to be perfectly absorbed through the cornea, and is almost not metabolized in the eyes, but it undergoes biological transformation in the liver. Xalatamax is prescribed to combat open-angle glaucoma or increased ophthalmotonus. Drops are used topically, one drop in the eye daily before going to bed in the evening.

The unambiguous locked for use of the drug are:

• Less than a year old.
• Excessive sensitivity to droplet components.
• Bronchial asthma.
• Herpetic keratitis.
• Pregnancy and lactation.

An overdose of the drug manifests itself in the form of irritation of the mucous structure of the eyeballs or in the form of conjunctival hyperemia.

The side effects of using drops in practice are noted:

• Hyperpigmentation of the iris.
• Itching and gritty eyes.
• Blurred vision.
• Angina pectoris.
• Dyspnea.
• Bronchospasm.
• Skin rash and itching.

Xalatamax is sold at the pharmacy if the buyer has a doctor's prescription. The price of drops is in the range from 200 to 400 rubles. per bottle.

Travatan

Drops for eyes, produced to get rid of a person from glaucoma and having the appearance of a clear solution with a light yellow tint.

The composition of the drug contains such elements as:

• Travoprost.
• Macrogol glyceryl hydroxystearate.
• Propylene glycol.
• Boric acid.
• Sodium chloride.
• Hydrochloric acid.
• Purified water.

Travatan is prescribed to combat open-angle glaucoma and excessively high ophthalmotonus.

The drug enters the eye through the cornea, where it is transformed into a biologically active variant - travoprost acid. Due to this, the pressure inside the eyes decreases 2 hours after using the drug, and the maximum possible effect occurs after 12 hours and is maintained throughout the day.

The medicine is used every day, instilling 1 drop into each eyeball in the evening. But the final dosage option is prescribed by the attending physician, on the basis of whose prescription it is possible to purchase the drug in pharmacies at a price of 500 to 700 rubles.

Contraindications for the appointment of drops are:

• Age less than 18 years old.
• Intolerance to travoprost.
• Any gestational age.

Side effects of the use of Travtan most often turn out to be:

• Weakly manifested conjunctival hyperemia, which disappears when you refuse to use drops on your own.
• Sensation of a foreign body.
• Blurred vision.
• Depressive state.
• Anxiety.
• Sinusitis.
• Arthritis.

In the case of using contact lenses, put them on at least 20 minutes after using the drops.

Alphagan R

Drops with a yellowish green color. They are produced in the form of vials, the solution of which contains brimonidine tartrate. The drug is used to combat glaucoma and ophthalmic hypertension.

The effect of the drug on lowering intraocular pressure is due to the hypotensive ability of brimonidine, which optimizes the flow of fluid within the visual organs. The breakdown products of the drug are excreted from the body through the kidneys.

Alphagan R is instilled into the conjunctival sac three times a day, 1 drop. The approximate interval between using drops should be 8 hours.

It is not allowed to use a pharmacological device in cases when:

• A person has a body weight of less than 20 kg.
• Child's age up to 2 years.
• The woman is lactating.
• At the same time, therapy with MAO inhibitors is carried out.

No episodes of drug overdose have been identified, and in cases of accidental swallowing, bradycardia and a decrease in blood pressure may occur.

Third-party manifestations of treatment with drops in practice are noted:

• Drowsiness.
• Swelling of the eyelids.
• Cough.
• Rash on the skin.
• Apnea.

The drug is sold according to medical prescriptions at an average price of 500 rubles. per bottle.

Arutimol

A pharmacological agent that is not created on the basis of timolol maleate and is produced in the form of a solution that has no color at all or a yellowish tint.

In addition to the main element, they also use:

• Disodium edetate dihydrate.
• Sodium monohydrogen phosphate dodecahydrate.
• Povidone K30.

The drug is prescribed in cases where a person suffers:

• Ocular hypertension.
• Open-angle glaucoma.
• Secondary glaucoma.
• Congenital glaucoma.

Drops have the ability to lower intraocular pressure, both high and normal.

In this case, the drug does not affect accommodation and pupil size. The action of Arutimol begins 20 minutes after it gets into the eyes. The drug works throughout the day.

The drug is instilled into both eyes, drop by drop, twice a day. The course of treatment itself lasts a long period of time and is regulated by a doctor.

In no case should you use drops when the patient has:

• Serious diseases of the respiratory system.
• Sinus bradycardia.
• Heart problems.
• Pregnancy.
• Age less than 18 years old.
• Allergy to components.

Overdose episodes are characterized by:

• Arrhythmia.
• A strong decrease in blood pressure.
• Nausea.
• Vomiting.

Side effects of treatment with Arutimol may be:

• Irritation of the eyelids.
• Dyspnea.
• Runny nose.
• Headache.
• General weakness.

The drops are sold by prescription at an average price of 40 rubles. for a dropper.

Betoptic

It is a colorless or yellowish solution, the base element of which is betaxolol.

For auxiliary components we selected:

• Purified water.
• Sodium hydroxide.
• Benzalkonium chloride.

The drug is optimal in the fight against glaucoma and excessively high ophthalmotonus, even in people suffering from diseases of the lungs and bronchi.

Betoptic is not endowed with a membrane stabilizing effect, but at the same time it perfectly reduces the reproduction of eye fluid. A decrease in eye pressure occurs half an hour after the administration of the drug. Drops must be injected into the eyes twice a day, 1-2 drops each.

The only prohibition on the use of a medicine is only an individual inability to tolerate its components.

With extreme caution, it is necessary to take the drug for pregnant women and persons suffering from diabetes mellitus.

Side points of the use of drops may be:

• Dry eyes.
• Fear of light.
• Reducing the sensitivity of the cornea.

The dispensing of the drug is carried out in pharmacies with a prescription. The cost is about 350 rubles. per packing.

Azopt

Belgian preparation based on brinzolamide.

Also included in the drops are:

• Carbomer.
• Concentrated hydrochloric acid.
• Edetate disodium.

The medicine is designed to optimize eye pressure and fight glaucoma. Its action is based on slowing down the formation of bicarbonate ions with a subsequent decrease in sodium and liquid transport. As a result, a decrease in intraocular pressure is provided. The affected eyes are instilled 2 times a day, 1 drop.

Do not use drops for pregnant women and those who have problems with the liver and the perception of the components of the drug.

The most common side effects of taking a pharmacological development are:

• The appearance of "fog" before the eyes.
• Sticking eyelids.
• Complicated breathing.
• Hives.
• Unpleasant sensations in the eyes.

There is no information about an overdose of drops. Their release takes place in pharmacies as prescribed by a doctor. The price of the drug is about 600 rubles.

Dorzopt

Drops made in Romania. They are released in the form of a colorless and odorless solution. The main element of the drug is dorzolamide. The functioning of the drug is based on the data shown in the table below.

pharmachologic effect	Pharmacokinetics
Is a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor	Absorbed through the cornea
Significantly reduces the formation of bicarbonate	Excreted from the body by the kidneys
Does not lead to spasm of accommodation	Accumulates in erythrocytes in the case of a long period of use

The drug is injected into eyes with glaucoma three times a day, no more than 1 drop at a time.

Drops will not be prescribed in cases where the patient has:

• Age is less than 18 years old.
• Lactation or pregnancy.
• Kidney disease.

The negative manifestations of using the drug are:

• Burning eyes.
• Itching of the eyelids.
• Asthenia.
• Headaches.

Overdose manifests itself in the form of disorders on the part of the central nervous system. The sale of drops is allowed only with a prescription. Price - within 300 rubles.

Proxodolol

Drops for eyes from glaucoma that look like a slightly colored liquid and contain proxodolol as a basic trace element.

Also introduced such components as:

• Sodium citrate.
• Citric acid monohydrate.
• Water.

The phased action of the drug occurs according to the following scheme:

1. The introduction of drops into the eyes.
2. Lowering the pressure inside the eyes after 15-30 minutes.
3. Achieving the maximum of its action (after 4-6 hours).
4. Maintaining a low production of aqueous humor in the visual organs throughout the day.

Due to its properties, the drug actively fights against various forms of glaucoma, hypertonicity of the eyes.

An unambiguous medical ban on the use of drops is the presence of:

• Bronchial asthma.
• Hypotension.
• Diabetes mellitus type 1.
• Cardiogenic shock.

Extraneous manifestations of the use of drops may be:

• Blurred vision.
• Gastralgia.
• Development of bronchospasm.

There is no reliable and complete information on drug overdose.

Proxodolol is sold through pharmacy chains at an approximate price of 40 rubles. per packing.

Dorzopt plus

Drops with a dominant element called dorzolamide hydrochloride. The drug is prescribed to remove the negative effects of open-angle glaucoma.

The drug reduces the secretion of ocular fluid and sodium transport. Because of this, intraocular pressure tends to minimum values ​​already 20 minutes after the penetration of drops into the eyes. It is necessary to inject the medicine 1 drop 2 times throughout the day.

Adverse reactions from the body to taking the drug means can be as follows:

• Corneal erosion.
• Deterioration of vision.
• Deterioration of taste.
• Dermatitis.

It is not allowed to take the drug to persons:

• Under the age of 18.
• Those with severe renal impairment.
• Suffering from heart failure.
• Inflammatory processes in the cornea.
• Pregnant and breastfeeding women.

The sale of Dorzopt plus is carried out according to prescribed prescriptions at a price of about 700 rubles.

All of the eye drops listed above have proven to be excellent in practice. All of them help those in need to escape from glaucoma and preserve one of the most precious organs - the eyes.

Video about drops for glaucoma

Eye drops for glaucoma: